小型汽车厂自动识别生产管理信息系统的开发
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摘要
在国外汽车制造业中,射频识别(RFID:Radio Frequency Identification的缩写)系统应用比较普遍,而中国大部分汽车制造企业仍然采用老式的制造信息采集卡,缺乏实时性,这使汽车业公司的决策层、生产层,库存管理和财务系统需要的实时在线工程监控很难实现。
运用RFID技术可以在汽车生产过程中实现柔性生产、信息化生产,从而节约成本,增强市场竞争力。汽车业采用RFID技术管理产品数据,不但能够解决原料采购、库存管理、销售管理和订单日趋个性化的问题,而且可以大大提高效率和准确度,同时售后服务,质量跟踪等问题都迎刃而解,企业形象和企业利润也会上一个大台阶,这对中国朝气蓬勃的汽车产业至关重要。
本文以某小型客车制造公司为对象,通过对其深入调查,并结合这一行业的基本特点总结了其在生产管理中存在的问题,提出了生产管理系统信息化的建设目标。接着,在理论上详细分析了RFID技术对实现该目标的意义和可能性,最终决定将这一设想付诸到实践中来。
在对原有的生产管理信息系统进行分析后,对该公司原来的管理信息流程进行了改进,采用了集成MRP和JIT这两种不同物流系统的模式,来改进像该公司这样的中小型汽车制造企业管理信息系统的信息流程。然后根据具体的信息流流向和结合具体的生产需求,做出适合于该厂的生产管理信息系统。
文章最后总结了本论文所设计的生产管理信息系统的特点,指出中小汽车制造企业是按订单、中小批量生产的离散型制造企业的典型代表,适用中小汽车制造企业的生产管理信息系统,同时也适用于有相似特点的其他行业。
In Automobile manufacturing industry abroad, the radio frequency identification (RFID) systems are more common, and most automobile manufacturers in China are still using acquisition card which is old-fashioned and lack of real-time to get manufacturing information .It makes the real-time online project very difficult to achieve, so the demands of auto industry's decision-making level, production level, inventory management and financial system are hard to satisfied.
The use of RFID technology in the automotive production process can help to achieve flexible production, information production, thereby saving costs, and enhancing market competitiveness. The automobile industry adopting RFID technology product data management, not only can solve the raw material procurement, inventory management, sales management and the increasingly personalized orders, but can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy, while after-sales service, quality tracking and other issues are resolved, corporate image and corporate profits can get a higher level. It is essential to China's automotive industry which is vibrant.
In this paper, we'll take a bus manufacturing company for example. Through the in-depth investigation of the company, and combined with the basic characteristics of this industry, we can find the problems in production management and make the target of building an information management system for the production. Then, in theory, we make a detailed analysis of the possibility and meaning if the RFID technology can achieve the objectives, ultimately decide to put this idea into practice.
After a analysis of the original information of production management, we improve the process of the company's original information management system, using an integration of MRP and JIT logistics systems that the two different models, to improve the processes of small and medium-sized car manufacturing enterprises' information management system such as this company.
And then according to the specific direction of information flow and specific production needs, we can make a suitable production information management system for the company.
The article concluded the characteristics of information management system designed in the paper, pointing out that small and medium-sized automotive manufacturing enterprises are typical representatives of manufacturers according to orders, mass production of small and medium-size. Production information management systems applicable to small and medium-sized automotive manufactures are suitable to other industries which have similar characteristics.
运用RFID技术可以在汽车生产过程中实现柔性生产、信息化生产,从而节约成本,增强市场竞争力。汽车业采用RFID技术管理产品数据,不但能够解决原料采购、库存管理、销售管理和订单日趋个性化的问题,而且可以大大提高效率和准确度,同时售后服务,质量跟踪等问题都迎刃而解,企业形象和企业利润也会上一个大台阶,这对中国朝气蓬勃的汽车产业至关重要。
本文以某小型客车制造公司为对象,通过对其深入调查,并结合这一行业的基本特点总结了其在生产管理中存在的问题,提出了生产管理系统信息化的建设目标。接着,在理论上详细分析了RFID技术对实现该目标的意义和可能性,最终决定将这一设想付诸到实践中来。
在对原有的生产管理信息系统进行分析后,对该公司原来的管理信息流程进行了改进,采用了集成MRP和JIT这两种不同物流系统的模式,来改进像该公司这样的中小型汽车制造企业管理信息系统的信息流程。然后根据具体的信息流流向和结合具体的生产需求,做出适合于该厂的生产管理信息系统。
文章最后总结了本论文所设计的生产管理信息系统的特点,指出中小汽车制造企业是按订单、中小批量生产的离散型制造企业的典型代表,适用中小汽车制造企业的生产管理信息系统,同时也适用于有相似特点的其他行业。
In Automobile manufacturing industry abroad, the radio frequency identification (RFID) systems are more common, and most automobile manufacturers in China are still using acquisition card which is old-fashioned and lack of real-time to get manufacturing information .It makes the real-time online project very difficult to achieve, so the demands of auto industry's decision-making level, production level, inventory management and financial system are hard to satisfied.
The use of RFID technology in the automotive production process can help to achieve flexible production, information production, thereby saving costs, and enhancing market competitiveness. The automobile industry adopting RFID technology product data management, not only can solve the raw material procurement, inventory management, sales management and the increasingly personalized orders, but can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy, while after-sales service, quality tracking and other issues are resolved, corporate image and corporate profits can get a higher level. It is essential to China's automotive industry which is vibrant.
In this paper, we'll take a bus manufacturing company for example. Through the in-depth investigation of the company, and combined with the basic characteristics of this industry, we can find the problems in production management and make the target of building an information management system for the production. Then, in theory, we make a detailed analysis of the possibility and meaning if the RFID technology can achieve the objectives, ultimately decide to put this idea into practice.
After a analysis of the original information of production management, we improve the process of the company's original information management system, using an integration of MRP and JIT logistics systems that the two different models, to improve the processes of small and medium-sized car manufacturing enterprises' information management system such as this company.
And then according to the specific direction of information flow and specific production needs, we can make a suitable production information management system for the company.
The article concluded the characteristics of information management system designed in the paper, pointing out that small and medium-sized automotive manufacturing enterprises are typical representatives of manufacturers according to orders, mass production of small and medium-size. Production information management systems applicable to small and medium-sized automotive manufactures are suitable to other industries which have similar characteristics.
引文
[1]琚春华,蒋长兵等.现代物流信息系统[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[2]张涛,王亚军,张明,张雪.现代供应链管理[M].四川大学出版社,2003.
[3]林国龙,宋柏,沙梅译.物流管理供应链过程的一体化[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999.
[4]王晚香,蒋惠园.以供应链管理带动国有流通企业的发展[J].物流技术,2003(3).
[5]程控,革扬.MRP Ⅱ/ERP原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[6]丁立言等.物流系统工程[M].清华大学出版社,2000.
[7]宋远方,宋华.供应链管理与信息技术[M]北京大学出版社,2005.
[8]潘家轺.现代生产管理学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994.
[9]吴桂花,车玉芬.MRP、JIT的比较与集成研究[J].邢台职业技术学院学报,2004,21(6).
[10]田肇云.生产物流管理[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006.
[1l]王亚超,马汉武.生产物流系统建模与仿真[M].北京科学出版社,2006.
[12]孙明贵.生产物流管理[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2005.
[13]世界500强企业管理标准研究中心.生产物流管理标准[M].北京:东方出版社,2004.
[14]宋远方,宋华.供应链管理与信息技术[M]北京大学出版社,2005.
[15]北京大学联泰供应链研究与发展中心.中国供应链现状:理论与实践[M].北京大学出版社,2005.
[16]宋国防译.生产与运作管理[M].北京机械工业出版社,1999.
[17]潘玮,董平军.基于供应链管理的制造业库存管理系统研究[J].华东大学学报,2002,(2).
[18]薛承梦,薛桓.面向JIT的企业管理信息系统的研究与开发[J].计算机应用研究,2004(4).
[19]李军等.MRPⅡ与JIT集成应用研究[J].桂林电子工业学院学报,2002,22(2).
[20]戴定一.从案例看我国物流信息系统的市场需求现状[J].中国储运,2002,(5).
[21]罗霞,何明璐.企业物流信息系统建设中的几个关键问题[J].公路交通科技,2002,(4).
[22]刘萍.我国中小企业物流战略[J].黑龙江蓄牧兽医,2005,(5).
[23]王继生,李金灿.企业物流信息系统的总体构思[J].矿山机械,2004,(9).
[24]袁胜强.企业现代物流信息系统构架体系研究[J].物流技术,2003,(10).
[25]慈新新,王苏滨,王硕.无线射频识别(RFID)系统技术与应用[M].北京人民邮电出版社.2007
[26]谭民等.RFID技术系统工程及应用指南[M].北京机械工业出版社.2007.
[27]周晓光,王晓华.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2006.
[28]游战清,李苏剑,张益强,刘克胜,郑利强,徐虎.无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[29]韩茂祥等.MRPⅡ/JIT集成的理论分析与应用研究[J].技术经济,2001,165(9).
[30]蔡淑琴.物流信息系统[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2002.
[31]熊杰,张予川,齐小宁.物流管理信息系统数据库设计的研究[J].物流科技,2004.
[32]陆大勇.物流信息系统对数据的要求[J].中国物流与采购,2005.
[33]周林,王杰,肖素梅.中小型制造企业物流管理信息系统的探讨[J].企业管理与信息化,2005.
[34]姚松,董小国.企业信息系统的三层结构[J].计算机应用,2000.
[35]宋伟.物流管理信息系统述评[J].北京交通管理干部学院学报,2001.
[36]杨文萍.物流管理信息系统需求分析[J].甘肃科技纵横,2005.
[37]逮昭义.计算机网络原理--计算机网络体系结构[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000.
[38]单银根,黎连业.C#语言及程序设计.北京希望出版社,2001.
[39]陈钟,刘强,张高.C#编程语言程序设计与开发.清华大学出版社,2003.
[40]王春红.Delphi 7程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[41]Don Vilen编,周立柱等译.SQL Server数据库原理--设计与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[42]苏啸.数据库原理与SQL Server 2000教程[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,2003.
[43]徐人凤,曾建华.SQL Server 2000数据库及应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[44]启明工作室.精通SQL Server 2005数据库应用系统丌发[M].人民邮电出版社2007.
[45]方木云,骆国刚.基于B/S的三层结构的ERP库存软件系统开发[J].微机发展,2004.
[46]Das C,Goval S K.A vendors view of the JIT manufacturing system[J].International Journal of Operations&Production Management,1989.
[47]KRASNER H.Ensuring-business success by learning from ERP failures[M].IEEE Computer Society,2000
[48]M.Pozar.Microwave Engineering[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1998.
[49]Rao K V S.An overview of backscattered radio frequency identification system(RFID)[J].Microwave Conference 1999 Asia Pacific:1999(3).
[50]Landt J.The history of RFID[J].Potentials,IEEE,2005.
[51]James,Johnson.Contemporary Logistics[M].1998
[52]Slack N,Correa H.The flexibilities of push and pull[J].International journal of operations management[J],1992.
[53]Lamer D M,Emmelhainz M.A.,J.T Gardner.Develop[M].The International Journal of Logistics Management,1996
[54]Schmenner RW.International productivity gains[J].Operational Management,1991.
[55]Job de Haan.Zero inventory management:facts or fiction? Lesson from Japan[J].Int.J.Production Economics,1999.
[56]Narchvlck M.Sharing Manufacturing Information in Enterprises.Communication on the ACM,1996.
[57]Brown KA,Mitchell TR.A comparison of Just-in-Time and batch manufacturing:the role of performance obstacles[J].Academy of Management Journal,1991.
[58]Doll W J,Vodnembse MA.The evolution of manufacturing system towards the post Industrial enterprises[J].Omena,1991.
[2]张涛,王亚军,张明,张雪.现代供应链管理[M].四川大学出版社,2003.
[3]林国龙,宋柏,沙梅译.物流管理供应链过程的一体化[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999.
[4]王晚香,蒋惠园.以供应链管理带动国有流通企业的发展[J].物流技术,2003(3).
[5]程控,革扬.MRP Ⅱ/ERP原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[6]丁立言等.物流系统工程[M].清华大学出版社,2000.
[7]宋远方,宋华.供应链管理与信息技术[M]北京大学出版社,2005.
[8]潘家轺.现代生产管理学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994.
[9]吴桂花,车玉芬.MRP、JIT的比较与集成研究[J].邢台职业技术学院学报,2004,21(6).
[10]田肇云.生产物流管理[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006.
[1l]王亚超,马汉武.生产物流系统建模与仿真[M].北京科学出版社,2006.
[12]孙明贵.生产物流管理[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2005.
[13]世界500强企业管理标准研究中心.生产物流管理标准[M].北京:东方出版社,2004.
[14]宋远方,宋华.供应链管理与信息技术[M]北京大学出版社,2005.
[15]北京大学联泰供应链研究与发展中心.中国供应链现状:理论与实践[M].北京大学出版社,2005.
[16]宋国防译.生产与运作管理[M].北京机械工业出版社,1999.
[17]潘玮,董平军.基于供应链管理的制造业库存管理系统研究[J].华东大学学报,2002,(2).
[18]薛承梦,薛桓.面向JIT的企业管理信息系统的研究与开发[J].计算机应用研究,2004(4).
[19]李军等.MRPⅡ与JIT集成应用研究[J].桂林电子工业学院学报,2002,22(2).
[20]戴定一.从案例看我国物流信息系统的市场需求现状[J].中国储运,2002,(5).
[21]罗霞,何明璐.企业物流信息系统建设中的几个关键问题[J].公路交通科技,2002,(4).
[22]刘萍.我国中小企业物流战略[J].黑龙江蓄牧兽医,2005,(5).
[23]王继生,李金灿.企业物流信息系统的总体构思[J].矿山机械,2004,(9).
[24]袁胜强.企业现代物流信息系统构架体系研究[J].物流技术,2003,(10).
[25]慈新新,王苏滨,王硕.无线射频识别(RFID)系统技术与应用[M].北京人民邮电出版社.2007
[26]谭民等.RFID技术系统工程及应用指南[M].北京机械工业出版社.2007.
[27]周晓光,王晓华.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2006.
[28]游战清,李苏剑,张益强,刘克胜,郑利强,徐虎.无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[29]韩茂祥等.MRPⅡ/JIT集成的理论分析与应用研究[J].技术经济,2001,165(9).
[30]蔡淑琴.物流信息系统[M].北京:中国物资出版社,2002.
[31]熊杰,张予川,齐小宁.物流管理信息系统数据库设计的研究[J].物流科技,2004.
[32]陆大勇.物流信息系统对数据的要求[J].中国物流与采购,2005.
[33]周林,王杰,肖素梅.中小型制造企业物流管理信息系统的探讨[J].企业管理与信息化,2005.
[34]姚松,董小国.企业信息系统的三层结构[J].计算机应用,2000.
[35]宋伟.物流管理信息系统述评[J].北京交通管理干部学院学报,2001.
[36]杨文萍.物流管理信息系统需求分析[J].甘肃科技纵横,2005.
[37]逮昭义.计算机网络原理--计算机网络体系结构[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000.
[38]单银根,黎连业.C#语言及程序设计.北京希望出版社,2001.
[39]陈钟,刘强,张高.C#编程语言程序设计与开发.清华大学出版社,2003.
[40]王春红.Delphi 7程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[41]Don Vilen编,周立柱等译.SQL Server数据库原理--设计与实现[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[42]苏啸.数据库原理与SQL Server 2000教程[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,2003.
[43]徐人凤,曾建华.SQL Server 2000数据库及应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.
[44]启明工作室.精通SQL Server 2005数据库应用系统丌发[M].人民邮电出版社2007.
[45]方木云,骆国刚.基于B/S的三层结构的ERP库存软件系统开发[J].微机发展,2004.
[46]Das C,Goval S K.A vendors view of the JIT manufacturing system[J].International Journal of Operations&Production Management,1989.
[47]KRASNER H.Ensuring-business success by learning from ERP failures[M].IEEE Computer Society,2000
[48]M.Pozar.Microwave Engineering[M].New York:John Wiley&Sons,1998.
[49]Rao K V S.An overview of backscattered radio frequency identification system(RFID)[J].Microwave Conference 1999 Asia Pacific:1999(3).
[50]Landt J.The history of RFID[J].Potentials,IEEE,2005.
[51]James,Johnson.Contemporary Logistics[M].1998
[52]Slack N,Correa H.The flexibilities of push and pull[J].International journal of operations management[J],1992.
[53]Lamer D M,Emmelhainz M.A.,J.T Gardner.Develop[M].The International Journal of Logistics Management,1996
[54]Schmenner RW.International productivity gains[J].Operational Management,1991.
[55]Job de Haan.Zero inventory management:facts or fiction? Lesson from Japan[J].Int.J.Production Economics,1999.
[56]Narchvlck M.Sharing Manufacturing Information in Enterprises.Communication on the ACM,1996.
[57]Brown KA,Mitchell TR.A comparison of Just-in-Time and batch manufacturing:the role of performance obstacles[J].Academy of Management Journal,1991.
[58]Doll W J,Vodnembse MA.The evolution of manufacturing system towards the post Industrial enterprises[J].Omena,1991.