天津市地表水体水质安全研究
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摘要
本文针对天津市地表水系统特点、水污染现状,以地表水水质安全为主要研究内容,通过地表水质安全系统结构分析,确定了水质安全的主要影响因素,并针对危及饮用水源安全、城市水环境安全的两大要素——水库藻类爆发与城市雨水径流污染,建立了水库水质预警模型、汛期市政排水污染控制规划,以期达到提高供水安全、水环境安全的目的。
首先,分析了饮用水源、城市水环境的水污染现状及其主要影响因素,应用水安全理论,构建了地表水水质安全系统。引入脆性理论,就影响水质安全的主要因子进行脆性分析,并进一步分析了饮用水源、城市水环境、社会、经济各子系统之间的脆性联系,为城市水污染治理与控制规划奠定基础。
其次,在分析于桥水库藻类爆发变化规律的基础上,应用突变理论,建立了以总磷、温度为控制变量的藻类爆发尖点突变模型;进一步采用主成分分析法,构建了组合变量的尖点突变预警模型,经检验,模型具有较好的预警准确度,能够对藻类爆发进行突变预警。
再次,针对城市景观河在汛期市政排水后水体污染特征,应用水环境容量、水体自净及系统优化的理论方法,以市区一条景观河为研究对象,建立了汛期降雨排污后景观河流水质模型,将削减排污口污染物与生态处理措施有机结合,建立了生态工程与环境工程相结合的汛期雨污水污染控制多目标规划数学模型并求解。
综上,本文提出的地表水体水质安全、水库水质污染预警及城市水环境污染控制的方法,可为水污染预警、控制提供理论依据,以保证水质安全。
Based on the characteristics of surface water system and the current situations ofwater pollution in city of Tianjin, research was made mainly on security of surfacewater quality in this paper. The key influence factors of water quality safety wereidentified by system structure analysis. In order to improve water resource securityand water environment security, water quality warning model of reservoir and waterpollution control planning were made for algae bloom and urban storm water runoffpollution, which are the two main risk factors of the safetyof water source and urbanwaterenvironment.
First of all, the current situation and the main influence factors of water pollutionof drinking water resource and urban water environment were analyzed. The safetysystem ofsurfacewater qualitywas establishedbythewatersafetytheory. Brittlenesstheory was introduced into the brittleness analysis of the main influence factors ofwater quality safety. The brittleness relationship of the subsystems of drinking waterresource, urban water environment, society and economy was also analyzed, whichcanbetakenasthefoundationoftheurbanwaterpollutioncontrolandmanagement.
Secondly, based on the analysis of rules for algae bloom in Yuqiao reservoir,catastrophe theory was used to establish a cusp catastrophe model of algae bloom,taking total phosphorus and temperature as the control variables. What’s more, thecusp catastrophe warning model with combination variables was established byprincipal component analysis. With good warning accuracy, the model has the abilityofcatastrophewarningofalgaebloomaftertest.
Third, aimed at the pollution characteristics of the river in flood season, aftermunicipal drainage discharged in, the water quality model of landscape river afterflood drainage was established by the methodology of river water environmentalcapacity, water body self-purification and system optimization, taking a landscaperiverinurbandistrict as thestudysubject. Combiningthedecrement ofpollutants andecological measures, the multi objective programming model based on ecological andenvironmentalengineeringforflooddrainagepollutioncontrolwasestablished.
Ingeneral,inordertoguaranteethewaterqualitysafety,thetechniquesofsurfacewater quality safety, pollution warning of reservoir water quality and urban waterenvironment pollution control proposed in this paper could be taken as the theoreticalbasisofwaterpollutionwarningandcontrol.
首先,分析了饮用水源、城市水环境的水污染现状及其主要影响因素,应用水安全理论,构建了地表水水质安全系统。引入脆性理论,就影响水质安全的主要因子进行脆性分析,并进一步分析了饮用水源、城市水环境、社会、经济各子系统之间的脆性联系,为城市水污染治理与控制规划奠定基础。
其次,在分析于桥水库藻类爆发变化规律的基础上,应用突变理论,建立了以总磷、温度为控制变量的藻类爆发尖点突变模型;进一步采用主成分分析法,构建了组合变量的尖点突变预警模型,经检验,模型具有较好的预警准确度,能够对藻类爆发进行突变预警。
再次,针对城市景观河在汛期市政排水后水体污染特征,应用水环境容量、水体自净及系统优化的理论方法,以市区一条景观河为研究对象,建立了汛期降雨排污后景观河流水质模型,将削减排污口污染物与生态处理措施有机结合,建立了生态工程与环境工程相结合的汛期雨污水污染控制多目标规划数学模型并求解。
综上,本文提出的地表水体水质安全、水库水质污染预警及城市水环境污染控制的方法,可为水污染预警、控制提供理论依据,以保证水质安全。
Based on the characteristics of surface water system and the current situations ofwater pollution in city of Tianjin, research was made mainly on security of surfacewater quality in this paper. The key influence factors of water quality safety wereidentified by system structure analysis. In order to improve water resource securityand water environment security, water quality warning model of reservoir and waterpollution control planning were made for algae bloom and urban storm water runoffpollution, which are the two main risk factors of the safetyof water source and urbanwaterenvironment.
First of all, the current situation and the main influence factors of water pollutionof drinking water resource and urban water environment were analyzed. The safetysystem ofsurfacewater qualitywas establishedbythewatersafetytheory. Brittlenesstheory was introduced into the brittleness analysis of the main influence factors ofwater quality safety. The brittleness relationship of the subsystems of drinking waterresource, urban water environment, society and economy was also analyzed, whichcanbetakenasthefoundationoftheurbanwaterpollutioncontrolandmanagement.
Secondly, based on the analysis of rules for algae bloom in Yuqiao reservoir,catastrophe theory was used to establish a cusp catastrophe model of algae bloom,taking total phosphorus and temperature as the control variables. What’s more, thecusp catastrophe warning model with combination variables was established byprincipal component analysis. With good warning accuracy, the model has the abilityofcatastrophewarningofalgaebloomaftertest.
Third, aimed at the pollution characteristics of the river in flood season, aftermunicipal drainage discharged in, the water quality model of landscape river afterflood drainage was established by the methodology of river water environmentalcapacity, water body self-purification and system optimization, taking a landscaperiverinurbandistrict as thestudysubject. Combiningthedecrement ofpollutants andecological measures, the multi objective programming model based on ecological andenvironmentalengineeringforflooddrainagepollutioncontrolwasestablished.
Ingeneral,inordertoguaranteethewaterqualitysafety,thetechniquesofsurfacewater quality safety, pollution warning of reservoir water quality and urban waterenvironment pollution control proposed in this paper could be taken as the theoreticalbasisofwaterpollutionwarningandcontrol.
引文
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