600MW机组自然循环锅炉蒸发区数学模型及数字仿真
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摘要
锅炉是一种系统复杂、体积庞大和价格昂贵的能量转换设备,其中尤以锅炉蒸发区的特性最为复杂。蒸发区的特性对锅炉的运行控制方式以及控制参数的设定有着直接的影响。随着锅炉容量的不断增大和热力参数的继续提高,锅炉蒸发区特性对整个锅炉及发电机组安全性的影响也越显重要,这就对锅炉蒸发区特性的研究工作提出了更高要求。
本文综合分析了汽包锅炉蒸发区的已有数学模型及建模方法,以巴威公司2000t/h亚临界自然循环锅炉为研究对象,用理论分析的方法建立了其蒸发区机理性数学模型。
关于汽包虚假水位产生的分析,现有文献均认为是由于水下汽容积引起的。基于准动态计算分析和蒸发区完整模型的动态仿真试验,本文确定蒸发区循环管路贮质量变化也是引起虚假水位的重要影响因素。特别是在压力上升、水下汽容积变化不大的情况下,蒸发区循环管路贮质量变化的作用更是不可忽略的。
针对以往利用静态曲线求取锅炉汽包水下汽容积的不合理问题,综合考虑了水下蒸汽容积产生和消逝的机理,建立了新的能反映水及金属热惯性影响的水下汽容积机理性计算模型。
文中所建自然循环锅炉蒸发区模型较之一般模型可以更准确更有效地反映蒸发区动态特性,文中结论完善了锅炉汽包虚假水位现象的理论解释,对汽包锅炉的运行和控制有重要的指导意义。
Boiler that has complex system, large cubage and highly cost is used to convert energy and the characteristic in the area of evaporation is especially complex. The characteristic in the area of evaporation has more direct effect to the running method of boiler and the setting of control parameter. The capacity of the boiler is continuously increased and the parameter of thermal dynamics is improved greatly. With it, the structure of boiler is more complex, and the management of the system becomes more strictly. This will bring forward more requirements to research the characteristics in the area of evaporation.
This paper has concluded the method of how to establish a mathematical model and the development progress of this model, then used evaporation area in 2000t/h boiler systems which produced by B&W as a research object., established the dynamic mathematical model by theoretical analysis method.
Some existing papers considered that the false water level is related to the steam-cubage in water. Based on standard dynamic analysis and the simulation of new water level model, this paper indicates that the changing mass storage in evaporation area is also an important factor of false water level. Especially when the pressure ascends and no steam-cubage exists in water, the changing mass storage is more prominent.
Compared to other evaporation area models, this model could reflect dynamic characteristic more accurately and effectively. The conclusion is referable for the explanation of physical phenomena in evaporation area and for the designing and setting of the control systems.
本文综合分析了汽包锅炉蒸发区的已有数学模型及建模方法,以巴威公司2000t/h亚临界自然循环锅炉为研究对象,用理论分析的方法建立了其蒸发区机理性数学模型。
关于汽包虚假水位产生的分析,现有文献均认为是由于水下汽容积引起的。基于准动态计算分析和蒸发区完整模型的动态仿真试验,本文确定蒸发区循环管路贮质量变化也是引起虚假水位的重要影响因素。特别是在压力上升、水下汽容积变化不大的情况下,蒸发区循环管路贮质量变化的作用更是不可忽略的。
针对以往利用静态曲线求取锅炉汽包水下汽容积的不合理问题,综合考虑了水下蒸汽容积产生和消逝的机理,建立了新的能反映水及金属热惯性影响的水下汽容积机理性计算模型。
文中所建自然循环锅炉蒸发区模型较之一般模型可以更准确更有效地反映蒸发区动态特性,文中结论完善了锅炉汽包虚假水位现象的理论解释,对汽包锅炉的运行和控制有重要的指导意义。
Boiler that has complex system, large cubage and highly cost is used to convert energy and the characteristic in the area of evaporation is especially complex. The characteristic in the area of evaporation has more direct effect to the running method of boiler and the setting of control parameter. The capacity of the boiler is continuously increased and the parameter of thermal dynamics is improved greatly. With it, the structure of boiler is more complex, and the management of the system becomes more strictly. This will bring forward more requirements to research the characteristics in the area of evaporation.
This paper has concluded the method of how to establish a mathematical model and the development progress of this model, then used evaporation area in 2000t/h boiler systems which produced by B&W as a research object., established the dynamic mathematical model by theoretical analysis method.
Some existing papers considered that the false water level is related to the steam-cubage in water. Based on standard dynamic analysis and the simulation of new water level model, this paper indicates that the changing mass storage in evaporation area is also an important factor of false water level. Especially when the pressure ascends and no steam-cubage exists in water, the changing mass storage is more prominent.
Compared to other evaporation area models, this model could reflect dynamic characteristic more accurately and effectively. The conclusion is referable for the explanation of physical phenomena in evaporation area and for the designing and setting of the control systems.
引文
1. 张洪伟,沈菊.我国电力工业的发展前景分析[J]. 山西能源与节能. 2005,(4):6-8
2. 韩慧君.系统仿真[M].国防工业出版社.1985:2-3
3. 章臣樾.锅炉动态特性极其数学模型[M].水利电力出版社.1987
4. J.M.史密斯.工程技术和科研人员用数学模型与数学仿真[M].原子能出版社.1982:21-29
5. 王广军,辛国华.热力系统动力学及其应用[M].科学出版社.1997:70-81
6. 吴智雄.垃圾焚烧锅炉汽包水位控制模型建立及预测控制技术研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文.2004:24-26
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8. Buck. A. D. and A. C. Tsoi. An Adaptive Lattice Architecture for Dynamic Multi-layer Perceptions[J]. Neural Computation. 1992,(4): 922-931
9. 王科俊等.神经网络建模、预报与控制[M].哈尔滨工程大学出版社.1996:20-40
10. Phansalker V., et al. Analysis of the Back-Propagation Algorithm with Momentum[J] .IEEE Trans.on NN.1994,5(3):505-506
11.Oren T.I, Zeigler B. P .Concepts for Advanced Simulation Methodologies[M].Simulation. 1979:45-51
12. D.Stward. Partitioning and Tearing systems of Equations[J].Numer.Anal. Series. B. 1965:345-365
13. A. Balestine, et al. Parameter Identification of Continuous Systems with Multiple-input Time Delays via Modulating Functions[J]. IEEE Proc. Control Theory and Applications. 2000,(3):19-27
14. L.M. Lona, et al. Developing an Educational Software for Heat Exchanger and Heat Exchanger Network Projects[J]. Computers and Chemical Engineering. 2000,24(2/7):1247-1252
15. 倪维斗等. 热力系统中分布参数对象的数值一解析混合仿真方法[J].航空动力学报.1996,11(1):139-146
16. 吕子安,李天铎.单相介质受热管集中参数建模方法的改进[J].中国动力工程学会第四次控制工程年会论文.1990,(1):139-146
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18.杜云川. 300MW机组锅炉动态数学模型及数字仿真[D]. 东南大学院硕士学位论文. 1990
19. 郝洪亮.大型自然循环汽包锅炉仿真模型的建立与动态特性分析[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2003
20. 徐万君. 电站锅炉汽水系统建模研究[D]. 哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2004
21. 陈立甲.电站锅炉燃烧系统和汽水系统建模方法的研究[D]. 哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文.2000
22. 范从振.锅炉原理[M].中国电力出版社. 1985
23. 郑璐,周克毅.汽水循环回路贮质量变化对汽包虚假水位的影响分析[J].锅炉技术. 2006,(1):17-19
24.孙志忠,袁慰平,闻震初.数值分析[M].东南大学出版社.2001
25. 王春森主编.系统设计师教程[M].清华大学出版社.2001:184-246
26.张学宏.浙江北仑发电厂 1 期 60 万千瓦锅炉汽轮发电机组丛书锅炉分册[M].浙江大学出版社.1995
27.华北电力学院.火电厂热力设备及系统[M].电力工业出版社.1979
28.李遵基.热工自动控制系统[M].华北电力大学.1997
29.李拥军、贺莉岩、丁明滨.锅炉汽包“虚假水位”改进方案[J]. 化工设备与防腐蚀.2004,(1) :37-38
30.宋行强、牛振国、刘长振.锅炉汽包水位优化运行控制分析[J].锅炉技术.2004,35(1):59-61
31.赵征、曾德良、刘吉臻.汽轮发电机组动态模型研究与应用[J].电力情报.2002,(2):7-10
32.王广军、吴彦历、徐家骏.电站锅炉两类受热面通用动态计算模型[J].东北电力学院学报.1995,15(1):18-24
33.曾德良、刘吉臻.汽包锅炉的动态模型结构与负荷压力增量预测模型[J].中国电机工程学报.2000,20(12):75-79
34.王伟、任挺进、高琪瑞、刘笑驰.直流锅炉蒸发区域的数学模型及其仿真[J].清华大学学报.2001,41(10):29-33
35.王泽宁、章臣樾、王宗琪、王陶、王建蒙.直流锅炉蒸发区域一种新的建模方法[J].系统仿真学报.1996,10(2):19-24
36.周克毅.125MW 锅炉-汽轮机系统实时仿真数学模型[D].南京工学院硕士学位论文.1985
37.冷伟.400t/h锅炉全负荷范围和事故工况实时数字仿真[D].南京工学院硕士学位论文.1986
38.刘浩.400t/h锅炉全工况实时数字仿真[D].南京工学院硕士学位论文.1987
39.林宗虎、徐通模主编.实用锅炉手册[M].化学工业出版社.1999
40.刘长良、牛玉广、刘吉臻、金秀章.用于控制系统研究的的 300MW 机组锅炉动态模型[J].系统仿真学报.2001:59-61
41.吕崇德等.大型火电机组系统仿真与建模[M].清华大学出版社.2002
42.扬州第二发电厂运行部.扬州第二发电厂集控运行规程[M].扬州第二发电厂.2003
2. 韩慧君.系统仿真[M].国防工业出版社.1985:2-3
3. 章臣樾.锅炉动态特性极其数学模型[M].水利电力出版社.1987
4. J.M.史密斯.工程技术和科研人员用数学模型与数学仿真[M].原子能出版社.1982:21-29
5. 王广军,辛国华.热力系统动力学及其应用[M].科学出版社.1997:70-81
6. 吴智雄.垃圾焚烧锅炉汽包水位控制模型建立及预测控制技术研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文.2004:24-26
7. Ljung L., et al.Adaptation and Tracking in System Identification-A Survey[J]. Automatica.1990, 26(1): 7-21
8. Buck. A. D. and A. C. Tsoi. An Adaptive Lattice Architecture for Dynamic Multi-layer Perceptions[J]. Neural Computation. 1992,(4): 922-931
9. 王科俊等.神经网络建模、预报与控制[M].哈尔滨工程大学出版社.1996:20-40
10. Phansalker V., et al. Analysis of the Back-Propagation Algorithm with Momentum[J] .IEEE Trans.on NN.1994,5(3):505-506
11.Oren T.I, Zeigler B. P .Concepts for Advanced Simulation Methodologies[M].Simulation. 1979:45-51
12. D.Stward. Partitioning and Tearing systems of Equations[J].Numer.Anal. Series. B. 1965:345-365
13. A. Balestine, et al. Parameter Identification of Continuous Systems with Multiple-input Time Delays via Modulating Functions[J]. IEEE Proc. Control Theory and Applications. 2000,(3):19-27
14. L.M. Lona, et al. Developing an Educational Software for Heat Exchanger and Heat Exchanger Network Projects[J]. Computers and Chemical Engineering. 2000,24(2/7):1247-1252
15. 倪维斗等. 热力系统中分布参数对象的数值一解析混合仿真方法[J].航空动力学报.1996,11(1):139-146
16. 吕子安,李天铎.单相介质受热管集中参数建模方法的改进[J].中国动力工程学会第四次控制工程年会论文.1990,(1):139-146
17.王飞等. 自然循环两相流系统压降特性的研究[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版).1996,36(1):23-26
18.杜云川. 300MW机组锅炉动态数学模型及数字仿真[D]. 东南大学院硕士学位论文. 1990
19. 郝洪亮.大型自然循环汽包锅炉仿真模型的建立与动态特性分析[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2003
20. 徐万君. 电站锅炉汽水系统建模研究[D]. 哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2004
21. 陈立甲.电站锅炉燃烧系统和汽水系统建模方法的研究[D]. 哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文.2000
22. 范从振.锅炉原理[M].中国电力出版社. 1985
23. 郑璐,周克毅.汽水循环回路贮质量变化对汽包虚假水位的影响分析[J].锅炉技术. 2006,(1):17-19
24.孙志忠,袁慰平,闻震初.数值分析[M].东南大学出版社.2001
25. 王春森主编.系统设计师教程[M].清华大学出版社.2001:184-246
26.张学宏.浙江北仑发电厂 1 期 60 万千瓦锅炉汽轮发电机组丛书锅炉分册[M].浙江大学出版社.1995
27.华北电力学院.火电厂热力设备及系统[M].电力工业出版社.1979
28.李遵基.热工自动控制系统[M].华北电力大学.1997
29.李拥军、贺莉岩、丁明滨.锅炉汽包“虚假水位”改进方案[J]. 化工设备与防腐蚀.2004,(1) :37-38
30.宋行强、牛振国、刘长振.锅炉汽包水位优化运行控制分析[J].锅炉技术.2004,35(1):59-61
31.赵征、曾德良、刘吉臻.汽轮发电机组动态模型研究与应用[J].电力情报.2002,(2):7-10
32.王广军、吴彦历、徐家骏.电站锅炉两类受热面通用动态计算模型[J].东北电力学院学报.1995,15(1):18-24
33.曾德良、刘吉臻.汽包锅炉的动态模型结构与负荷压力增量预测模型[J].中国电机工程学报.2000,20(12):75-79
34.王伟、任挺进、高琪瑞、刘笑驰.直流锅炉蒸发区域的数学模型及其仿真[J].清华大学学报.2001,41(10):29-33
35.王泽宁、章臣樾、王宗琪、王陶、王建蒙.直流锅炉蒸发区域一种新的建模方法[J].系统仿真学报.1996,10(2):19-24
36.周克毅.125MW 锅炉-汽轮机系统实时仿真数学模型[D].南京工学院硕士学位论文.1985
37.冷伟.400t/h锅炉全负荷范围和事故工况实时数字仿真[D].南京工学院硕士学位论文.1986
38.刘浩.400t/h锅炉全工况实时数字仿真[D].南京工学院硕士学位论文.1987
39.林宗虎、徐通模主编.实用锅炉手册[M].化学工业出版社.1999
40.刘长良、牛玉广、刘吉臻、金秀章.用于控制系统研究的的 300MW 机组锅炉动态模型[J].系统仿真学报.2001:59-61
41.吕崇德等.大型火电机组系统仿真与建模[M].清华大学出版社.2002
42.扬州第二发电厂运行部.扬州第二发电厂集控运行规程[M].扬州第二发电厂.2003