基于虚拟仪器的摩擦噪声测试系统研究
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摘要
作为当代三大主要污染源之一，噪声污染已成为一个世界性的问题并且引起了世人的关注。随着工业技术的发展，由物体摩擦产生的噪声污染也越来越严重。对摩擦噪声进行测量、研究和控制，从环境保护事业出发，是十分需要的；同时通过对摩擦噪声的分析，还可以深入了解摩擦机理，有助于改善摩擦条件和进行工况监测，
目前对噪声的测量主要采用模拟测量系统，系统均由模拟仪器组成，如声级计、倍频程或1/3倍频程滤波器和电平记录仪等，系统存在测试精度不高、分析内容欠丰富、连线复杂、体积大、通用性差等缺点。随着计算机技术与测试技术的深层次结合，虚拟仪器的出现弥补了传统测试仪器的不足，虚拟仪器将是仪器行业未来发展的主要方向。
本文的目的就是利用虚拟仪器技术，采用Lab Window/CVI虚拟仪器编程语言和相应的硬件，设计了一套完整的摩擦噪声虚拟测试系统。数据采集系统采用先进的PCI总线接口，有关相应的模拟分析仪器全部用软件实现，使摩擦噪声测量系统提高了一个档次，有效地提高了摩擦噪声的测量精度，丰富了分析内容。论文还对摩擦噪声的测量方法(?)进行了探讨，并对若干注意事项提出了建议。
虚拟测试系统设计完成后，用该系统对摩擦噪声进行了大量的测试和分析。实测结果表明该虚拟测试系统的设计是成功的、合理的，达到了预期的效果。
As the one of the three primary source of pollution, noise pollution has become worldwide problem and aroused earthling attention. With the development of industrial technology, noise pollution caused by body friction has been increasingly serious. For the sake of environmental protection, it is very necessary to measure, research and control the rub noise. At the same time, with the analysis of rub noise, we can appreciate the mechanism of friction in-depth. It is also beneficial to the improvement on rub condition and the monitoring on work.
At present the measure of noise is based on analog measuring system comprised of analog instrument such as sound level meter, octave or 1/3 octave filter, level graphic instrument and so on. The system has the shortcoming as follows: low accuracy test, under abundant analytical contents, complex connective lines, large volume, poor generality and so forth. With the development of computer technology in combination with test technology, virtual instrument has made up the shortage of conventional test instrument. Virtual instrument has taken the lead of the profession of instrument.
With the use of virtual instrument technology, and corresponding hardware, an entire digital measuring system on rub noise is designed in the paper, the programming language is LabWindows/CVI. Data acquisition system adopts senior PCI local bus interface, relevant analog analytical instruments are completely designed by software. The measures abovementioned have greatly improved the measuring system- on friction noise, increased the measuring precision and fertilized the analytical contents. In the paper, analytical methods and norms on friction noise is discussed and some advice about announcement is given.
After the design of virtual measuring system, a lot of test has been conducted on friction noise. According to the analysis of practical measurement, this virtual measuring system is proved to be a success and the performance meets the expectations.
*The thesis has obtained grant from National Natural Science Foundation Subentry (NO.50075072).
目前对噪声的测量主要采用模拟测量系统，系统均由模拟仪器组成，如声级计、倍频程或1/3倍频程滤波器和电平记录仪等，系统存在测试精度不高、分析内容欠丰富、连线复杂、体积大、通用性差等缺点。随着计算机技术与测试技术的深层次结合，虚拟仪器的出现弥补了传统测试仪器的不足，虚拟仪器将是仪器行业未来发展的主要方向。
本文的目的就是利用虚拟仪器技术，采用Lab Window/CVI虚拟仪器编程语言和相应的硬件，设计了一套完整的摩擦噪声虚拟测试系统。数据采集系统采用先进的PCI总线接口，有关相应的模拟分析仪器全部用软件实现，使摩擦噪声测量系统提高了一个档次，有效地提高了摩擦噪声的测量精度，丰富了分析内容。论文还对摩擦噪声的测量方法(?)进行了探讨，并对若干注意事项提出了建议。
虚拟测试系统设计完成后，用该系统对摩擦噪声进行了大量的测试和分析。实测结果表明该虚拟测试系统的设计是成功的、合理的，达到了预期的效果。
As the one of the three primary source of pollution, noise pollution has become worldwide problem and aroused earthling attention. With the development of industrial technology, noise pollution caused by body friction has been increasingly serious. For the sake of environmental protection, it is very necessary to measure, research and control the rub noise. At the same time, with the analysis of rub noise, we can appreciate the mechanism of friction in-depth. It is also beneficial to the improvement on rub condition and the monitoring on work.
At present the measure of noise is based on analog measuring system comprised of analog instrument such as sound level meter, octave or 1/3 octave filter, level graphic instrument and so on. The system has the shortcoming as follows: low accuracy test, under abundant analytical contents, complex connective lines, large volume, poor generality and so forth. With the development of computer technology in combination with test technology, virtual instrument has made up the shortage of conventional test instrument. Virtual instrument has taken the lead of the profession of instrument.
With the use of virtual instrument technology, and corresponding hardware, an entire digital measuring system on rub noise is designed in the paper, the programming language is LabWindows/CVI. Data acquisition system adopts senior PCI local bus interface, relevant analog analytical instruments are completely designed by software. The measures abovementioned have greatly improved the measuring system- on friction noise, increased the measuring precision and fertilized the analytical contents. In the paper, analytical methods and norms on friction noise is discussed and some advice about announcement is given.
After the design of virtual measuring system, a lot of test has been conducted on friction noise. According to the analysis of practical measurement, this virtual measuring system is proved to be a success and the performance meets the expectations.
*The thesis has obtained grant from National Natural Science Foundation Subentry (NO.50075072).
引文
[1]高品贤编著．振动、冲击及噪声测试技术．成都：西南交通大学出版社，1992
[2]高品贤编著．测试信号分析处理方法与程序．成都：西南交通大学出版社，1999
[3]吴淼编著．现代工程信号处理及应用．北京：中国矿业出版社，1997
[4]卢天祥，杜润生著．工程测试与信息处理．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1994
[5]雷继尧，何世德，王嘉琛编著．工程信号处理技术．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1990
[6]A．V．奥本海姆，R．W．谢弗(美)著．离散时间信号处理．黄建国，刘树棠译．北京：科学出版社，1998
[7]李海青，黄志尧等编著．特种检测技术及应用．杭州：浙江大学出版社，2000
[8]王承，何志伟，许东芹．虚拟仪器—现代仪器发展的新阶段．测控技术，2001(10)，9—11
[9]连海洲，赵英俊．计算机化仪器技术发展与展望．测控技术，2001(10)，5—8
[10]雷霖主编．微机自动检测．成都：电子科技大学，1998
[11]张贤达著．现代信号处理．北京：清华大学出版社，1995
[12]杨强，李堂秋编著．Win 9X虚拟设备驱动程序编程指南．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[13]武安河，周利莉编著．Windows设备驱动程序(VxD与WDM)开发务实．北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[14](澳)C．H．汉森，S．D．斯奈德著．噪声和振动的主动控制．仪垂杰译．北京：科学出版社，2002
[15]卢天祥，杜润生著，机械工程测试、信息、信号分析处理．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1990
[16]温熙森，徐永成，易晓山，陈循著．智能机内测试理论与应用．北京：国防工业出版社，2002
[17]郑南宁著．数字信号处理．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1995
[18]胡广书．数字信号处理——理论、算法与实现．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
[19]程佩青著．数字信号处理教程．北京：清华大学出版社，1995
[20]马明建，周长城编著．数据采集与处理技术．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1998
[21]阮德生著．自动测试技术与计算机仪器系统设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1997
[22]潘名莲，马争著．微型计算机原理．北京：电子工业出版社，1994
[23]王换招，杨潞著．PC系列微机总线．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1995
[24]李贵山，戚德虎著．PCI总线规范．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1997
[25]王士元著．C高级实用程序设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1996
[26]金篆芷，王明时著．现代传感技术．北京：电子工业出版社，1995
[27]朱伯申，张炬著．数字式传感器．北京：北京理工大学，1996
[28]赵家贵，林克真著．工程检测技术及模拟信号变换．北京：轻工业出版社，1989
[29]方佩敏著，新编传感器原理·应用·电路·详解．北京：电子工业出版社，1994．
[30]吕俊芳著，传感器接口与检测仪器电路．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1994
[31]殷福亮，宋爱军主编．数字信号处理C语言程序集．沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社，1997
[32]刘君华主编．虚拟仪器编程语言LabWindows/CVI教程．北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[33]张凤均编著．LabWindows/CVI开发入门和进阶．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2001
[34]陈秀娟编著，实用噪声与振动控制．北京：化学工业出版社，1996
[35]黄其柏编著．工程噪声控制学．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1999
[36]周新祥编著．噪声控制及应用实例．北京：海洋出版社，1999
[37]杨玉致编著．机械噪声测量和控制原理．北京：轻工业出版社，1984
[38]蒋洪明，张庆主编．动态测试理论与应用．南京：东南大学出版社，1999
[39]吴延海主编．微型计算机接口技术．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1997
[40]曹军．基于PCI总线的高速数据采集卡的研制．西南交通大学硕士学位论文．2002
[41]David J. Kruglinski, Scot Wingo, George Shepherd. Programming Viaual C++ 6.0. Microsoft Press, 1999
[42]Sophocle J. Orfanidis. Intoduce to Signal Processing. Prentice Hall International. Inc.,1999
[43]John Eargle. Sound Recording. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. 1989
[44]Tom Shanley, Don Anderson. PCI System Architecture. Mindshare Inc, 1999
[45]孟劲松．基于PC仪器的测振系统研究与开发．西南交通大学硕士学位论文．2000
[46]卜家岐，林贻侠编著．C程序设计教程．北京：中国科学技术出版社，1995
[47]Tom Shanley, Don Anderson. PCI System Architecture. Mindshare, Inc., 1999
[48]LabWindows/CVI Evaluation Guide, National Instruments, August 1997 Editon
[49]B&K. Piezoelectric Accelerometers and Vibration Preamplifiers. 1987
[50]S. Braun. Mechanical Signature Analysis Theory and Application. 1986
[51]Michael Hordeski. Computer Interfaces. McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1995
[52]Lewis C. Eggbrecht, Interfacing to the IBM Personal Computer(Second Edition),SAMS, 1990
[53]Microsoft Windows95 Device Driver Kit. Microsoft Corporation, 1997
[2]高品贤编著．测试信号分析处理方法与程序．成都：西南交通大学出版社，1999
[3]吴淼编著．现代工程信号处理及应用．北京：中国矿业出版社，1997
[4]卢天祥，杜润生著．工程测试与信息处理．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1994
[5]雷继尧，何世德，王嘉琛编著．工程信号处理技术．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1990
[6]A．V．奥本海姆，R．W．谢弗(美)著．离散时间信号处理．黄建国，刘树棠译．北京：科学出版社，1998
[7]李海青，黄志尧等编著．特种检测技术及应用．杭州：浙江大学出版社，2000
[8]王承，何志伟，许东芹．虚拟仪器—现代仪器发展的新阶段．测控技术，2001(10)，9—11
[9]连海洲，赵英俊．计算机化仪器技术发展与展望．测控技术，2001(10)，5—8
[10]雷霖主编．微机自动检测．成都：电子科技大学，1998
[11]张贤达著．现代信号处理．北京：清华大学出版社，1995
[12]杨强，李堂秋编著．Win 9X虚拟设备驱动程序编程指南．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[13]武安河，周利莉编著．Windows设备驱动程序(VxD与WDM)开发务实．北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[14](澳)C．H．汉森，S．D．斯奈德著．噪声和振动的主动控制．仪垂杰译．北京：科学出版社，2002
[15]卢天祥，杜润生著，机械工程测试、信息、信号分析处理．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1990
[16]温熙森，徐永成，易晓山，陈循著．智能机内测试理论与应用．北京：国防工业出版社，2002
[17]郑南宁著．数字信号处理．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1995
[18]胡广书．数字信号处理——理论、算法与实现．北京：清华大学出版社，1997
[19]程佩青著．数字信号处理教程．北京：清华大学出版社，1995
[20]马明建，周长城编著．数据采集与处理技术．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1998
[21]阮德生著．自动测试技术与计算机仪器系统设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1997
[22]潘名莲，马争著．微型计算机原理．北京：电子工业出版社，1994
[23]王换招，杨潞著．PC系列微机总线．西安：西安交通大学出版社，1995
[24]李贵山，戚德虎著．PCI总线规范．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，1997
[25]王士元著．C高级实用程序设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1996
[26]金篆芷，王明时著．现代传感技术．北京：电子工业出版社，1995
[27]朱伯申，张炬著．数字式传感器．北京：北京理工大学，1996
[28]赵家贵，林克真著．工程检测技术及模拟信号变换．北京：轻工业出版社，1989
[29]方佩敏著，新编传感器原理·应用·电路·详解．北京：电子工业出版社，1994．
[30]吕俊芳著，传感器接口与检测仪器电路．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1994
[31]殷福亮，宋爱军主编．数字信号处理C语言程序集．沈阳：辽宁科学技术出版社，1997
[32]刘君华主编．虚拟仪器编程语言LabWindows/CVI教程．北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[33]张凤均编著．LabWindows/CVI开发入门和进阶．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2001
[34]陈秀娟编著，实用噪声与振动控制．北京：化学工业出版社，1996
[35]黄其柏编著．工程噪声控制学．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1999
[36]周新祥编著．噪声控制及应用实例．北京：海洋出版社，1999
[37]杨玉致编著．机械噪声测量和控制原理．北京：轻工业出版社，1984
[38]蒋洪明，张庆主编．动态测试理论与应用．南京：东南大学出版社，1999
[39]吴延海主编．微型计算机接口技术．重庆：重庆大学出版社，1997
[40]曹军．基于PCI总线的高速数据采集卡的研制．西南交通大学硕士学位论文．2002
[41]David J. Kruglinski, Scot Wingo, George Shepherd. Programming Viaual C++ 6.0. Microsoft Press, 1999
[42]Sophocle J. Orfanidis. Intoduce to Signal Processing. Prentice Hall International. Inc.,1999
[43]John Eargle. Sound Recording. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. 1989
[44]Tom Shanley, Don Anderson. PCI System Architecture. Mindshare Inc, 1999
[45]孟劲松．基于PC仪器的测振系统研究与开发．西南交通大学硕士学位论文．2000
[46]卜家岐，林贻侠编著．C程序设计教程．北京：中国科学技术出版社，1995
[47]Tom Shanley, Don Anderson. PCI System Architecture. Mindshare, Inc., 1999
[48]LabWindows/CVI Evaluation Guide, National Instruments, August 1997 Editon
[49]B&K. Piezoelectric Accelerometers and Vibration Preamplifiers. 1987
[50]S. Braun. Mechanical Signature Analysis Theory and Application. 1986
[51]Michael Hordeski. Computer Interfaces. McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1995
[52]Lewis C. Eggbrecht, Interfacing to the IBM Personal Computer(Second Edition),SAMS, 1990
[53]Microsoft Windows95 Device Driver Kit. Microsoft Corporation, 1997