立交桥虚拟现实建模及可视化数据生成研究
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摘要
随着虚拟现实技术的发展,虚拟现实技术应用领域从最早的影视娱乐业、航空航天和军工等少数几个领域,不断扩展到更为广泛的领域,汽车驾驶模拟器就是一个新领域。昆明理工大学交通模拟实验室研究虚拟现实技术在汽车驾驶模拟器的应用已有几年的时间,成功开发了基于虚拟现实的汽车驾驶模拟系统。
     本实验室最初的驾驶模拟系统,将模拟汽车动力学、交通管理及视景开发工具等功能集成一体。但是,一方面,由于驾驶模拟器的研究领域和应用范围的扩展,构造的虚拟场景的复杂度加大,使用OpenGL从底层构造像立交桥这样复杂的交通设施的虚拟场景,已经显得力不从心了。另一方面是,立交桥在城市道路中大量存在,在城市交通中发挥重要作用;在构造城市交通虚拟场景时,需要大量使用基于虚拟现实的可视化立交桥数据。因此需要开发一个独立的系统来生成基于虚拟现实的立交桥可视化数据,供研究开发使用。
     本文从虚拟现实建模入手,研究虚拟环境下的立交桥三维建模方法,探讨基于约束的平面线形的数学模型。然后,讨论了立交桥三维空间数据可视化方法,定义了立交桥可视化数据的数据结构。同时,说明如何调用TrafficSimulation系统演示立交桥的虚拟场景,TrafficSimulation为专家评估立交桥造型效果提供了一个可视化工具。
     交互设计在立交桥三维造型中非常重要,本文专门讨论了一些交互技术。论文阐述了几种二次曲线生成算法;说明如何应用二次曲线和三次Bezier曲线拟合改善曲线的光滑性。
     采用立交桥虚拟现实建模及其可视化数据生成方法,开发了一个应用软件ProBridge。本文介绍了ProBridge设计流程及其功能。作为该软件的应用和使用说明,介绍了昆明市某立交桥的具体造型过程。
     最后,论文总结了该课题的研究成果,展望了进一步研究的重点。
With the development of visual reality technology, application fields of virtual reality technology extend from few fields, such as movie and entertainment, aviation and space, and war industry to more fields. Driving simulator is a new field. The research of applications of visual reality technology on Driving simulator has been several years at Traffic Synthesis Laboratory of Kunming University of Science and Technology. And the vehicle simulation system oriented on virtual reality had been developed successfully.
    The original driving simulator was assembled by integrating the various subsystems, such as vehicle dynamics, traffic management and scenario generation tool. On the one hand. Creating virtual scene of complicated traffic facility (for example crossroads) by using OpenGL has become very difficult. The research and application of driving simulator has been furthered and extended and the virtual scene models come to more complex. On the other hand, crossroads take great part in city traffic and there are a large number of crossroads in city. Additionally, generating virtual scene of city traffic need using a great deal of visual data of crossroads basing on virtual reality. Taken into consideration those factors, it is necessary to develop one system to generate visual data of crossroads oriented on virtual reality.
    The article studies how to create 3-dimensional model of crossroads in virtual environment and discusses mathematics model of horizontal alignment, the paper explains crossroads data visualization and defines data structures of visual data. Using TrafficSimulation can demonstrate visual data of crossroads and expert can evaluate the crossroad form the demo program.
    Interactive design is very important in development of crossroads design, so some
    
    
    
    interactive technology has been discussed in detail. The paper expounds the algorithms of generating quadratic curve. Using quadratic curve and cubic Bezier curve enforces the smooth of curves.
    The ProBridge is developed by the method of crossroads virtual reality model and 3D data.visualization The design flow and all kinds of functions of ProBridge are illuminated in the dissertation. Giving an example of modeling one Kunming crossroads show instruction manual of ProBridge.
    In the last part, the paper sums up the fruits of the study and several key researches in future are put forward.
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