基于人工智能的机械产品远程设计关键技术的研究
|
摘要
CAD技术自60年代产生以来，广泛应用到各行各业，尤其在机械领域得到了长足发展。人工智能技术的出现赋予了CAD技术的智能化。由于机械设计领域中有很多难以用一般方法明确表示的经验知识，传统的基于规则推理的方法应用在机械设计领域中遇到了困难。近年来出现了基于实例推理的方法，它以实例的形式存储知识，解决了基于规则推理系统知识难于收集的“瓶颈”。基于实例的推理是人工智能发展的新技术，将其应用于设计领域中，就形成了基于实例的设计方法。
二十世纪末，以Web相关技术为代表的网络技术发展迅猛，出现了经济的全球化，带来了信息业和制造业的全球化，这为CAD技术的发展提出了新的要求，指出了新的发展方向。传统的基于单机或局域网的CAD软件应用正逐渐发展为基于Web的应用模式，这样基于Internet的远程设计应运而生。远程设计是在Internet上为用户提供通用的设计平台，提供远程的产品零部件设计。由于主要设计都是在服务器上运行，对客户端软硬件要求低，这就减少了用户的资金和技术人员的投入，这对于帮助我国中小企业走出资金和人力资源不足的困境有重要的意义。
本文首先分析了Internet时代CAD系统的发展方向，研究了基于Web的CAD远程设计中的主要理论和关键技术，包括网络技术、基于Browser／Server的三层体系结构、ASP开发技术以及利用以COM／DCOM原理为基础的ActiveX组件实现远程程序调用的方法。其次，本文讨论了基于实例的设计在机械领域中的应用，着重研究了其中的实例表示、实例检索、实例修改和实例存储的关键技术。最后，在融合以上关键技术的基础上，以Windows NT作为操作系统、IIS5.0为服务器、SQL Server 2000为后台数据库，利用Visual Basic 6.0、Visual InterDev 6.0和Dreamweaver 4.0为开发工具，初步设计了一个基于实例设计的减速器设计系统，构建了一个减速器远程设计网站，来验证以上理论。
Since CAD technology appeared in 1960s, it has been extensively used in all kinds of fields, especially in mechanical fields. Combined with AI technology, CAD became intellectualized. Because the mechanical design uses a lot of experimental knowledge, the conventional method of rule-based reasoning has difficulty in applying to it. In recent years, a new method of case-based reasoning appeared .It stores knowledge with cases and solves the bottleneck of collecting knowledge in the traditional rule-based reasoning system. Case-based reasoning is a new AI technique. When it is applied in design region, case-based design is developed.
The network technology, especially Web-relevant technology, has developed rapidly since the end of the 20th century, which brings the economical globalization and the globalization in information and the manufacture. All these put forward a new requirement and provide a new direction to CAD. Traditional CAD software based on the stand-alone or LAN is gradually turned to the Web-based application mode. So the remote design based on Internet emerges as the times require. Remote design is to provide a universal design platform and product components design for users in Internet. Because most programs run at server, the clients' software and hardware require very low and then the investment of capital and technologist is reduced. Remote design will be helpful to the Small and Middle Enterprise to solve the lack of capital and manpower.
This paper first analyses the developing direction of CAD system in the era of Internet, and discusses several key technologies of Web-based remote design system, including network technique, three-ply architecture based on B/S, ASP technique and the method to call remote program using ActiveX components which is based on the theory of COM/DCOM. Second, the applications of case-based design in mechanical design field are discussed and many key techniques about case-based design are studied, including case representation, case retrieval, case adaptation and case maintenance. Finally, through combining above relevant technologies, a case-based design prototype system is designed preparatory and a web spot of the reducer remote design is constructed to verify the above theories, In the process of the system designing, we use Windows NT for Operating System, iis5.0 for server and SQL server 2000 for background database, and use visual basic 6.0, visual interDev 6.0 and dreamweaver 4.0 for development tools.
二十世纪末，以Web相关技术为代表的网络技术发展迅猛，出现了经济的全球化，带来了信息业和制造业的全球化，这为CAD技术的发展提出了新的要求，指出了新的发展方向。传统的基于单机或局域网的CAD软件应用正逐渐发展为基于Web的应用模式，这样基于Internet的远程设计应运而生。远程设计是在Internet上为用户提供通用的设计平台，提供远程的产品零部件设计。由于主要设计都是在服务器上运行，对客户端软硬件要求低，这就减少了用户的资金和技术人员的投入，这对于帮助我国中小企业走出资金和人力资源不足的困境有重要的意义。
本文首先分析了Internet时代CAD系统的发展方向，研究了基于Web的CAD远程设计中的主要理论和关键技术，包括网络技术、基于Browser／Server的三层体系结构、ASP开发技术以及利用以COM／DCOM原理为基础的ActiveX组件实现远程程序调用的方法。其次，本文讨论了基于实例的设计在机械领域中的应用，着重研究了其中的实例表示、实例检索、实例修改和实例存储的关键技术。最后，在融合以上关键技术的基础上，以Windows NT作为操作系统、IIS5.0为服务器、SQL Server 2000为后台数据库，利用Visual Basic 6.0、Visual InterDev 6.0和Dreamweaver 4.0为开发工具，初步设计了一个基于实例设计的减速器设计系统，构建了一个减速器远程设计网站，来验证以上理论。
Since CAD technology appeared in 1960s, it has been extensively used in all kinds of fields, especially in mechanical fields. Combined with AI technology, CAD became intellectualized. Because the mechanical design uses a lot of experimental knowledge, the conventional method of rule-based reasoning has difficulty in applying to it. In recent years, a new method of case-based reasoning appeared .It stores knowledge with cases and solves the bottleneck of collecting knowledge in the traditional rule-based reasoning system. Case-based reasoning is a new AI technique. When it is applied in design region, case-based design is developed.
The network technology, especially Web-relevant technology, has developed rapidly since the end of the 20th century, which brings the economical globalization and the globalization in information and the manufacture. All these put forward a new requirement and provide a new direction to CAD. Traditional CAD software based on the stand-alone or LAN is gradually turned to the Web-based application mode. So the remote design based on Internet emerges as the times require. Remote design is to provide a universal design platform and product components design for users in Internet. Because most programs run at server, the clients' software and hardware require very low and then the investment of capital and technologist is reduced. Remote design will be helpful to the Small and Middle Enterprise to solve the lack of capital and manpower.
This paper first analyses the developing direction of CAD system in the era of Internet, and discusses several key technologies of Web-based remote design system, including network technique, three-ply architecture based on B/S, ASP technique and the method to call remote program using ActiveX components which is based on the theory of COM/DCOM. Second, the applications of case-based design in mechanical design field are discussed and many key techniques about case-based design are studied, including case representation, case retrieval, case adaptation and case maintenance. Finally, through combining above relevant technologies, a case-based design prototype system is designed preparatory and a web spot of the reducer remote design is constructed to verify the above theories, In the process of the system designing, we use Windows NT for Operating System, iis5.0 for server and SQL server 2000 for background database, and use visual basic 6.0, visual interDev 6.0 and dreamweaver 4.0 for development tools.
引文
[1]任军锋，杨清凯，靳文民．机械CAD的发展及应用．山西交通科技，2000(2)
[2]廖建勇．CAD技术国内外发展概述．计算机时代，1995(3)
[3]李振兴．试论机械CAD的应用现状及发展趋势．科技情报开发与经济，2001(5)
[4]钟明．人工智能技术研究和应用．全球科技了望，1999(3)
[5]孙淑婷，孙淑媛．专家系统在机械工业中的应用．山西机械，1996(3)
[6]吴慧中，陈定方，万耀青．机械设计专家系统研究与实践．北京：中国铁道出版社，1994
[7]Michel Dubas.Expert systems in industrial pratice:Advantages and drawbacks. Expert Systems,1990,3(7)
[8]张佑生，王雷刚．智能CAD方法及应用．合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)，1999(6)
[9]高剂．基于知识的软件智能化技术．浙江大学硕士论文，1998
[10]Younghyun Han, Kunwoo Lee, Virtual function generators:represention and reusing underling design concepts in conceptual synthesis of mechanisms for function generation.Case-Based Reasoning Research and development.Third Internation Conference on Case-Based Reasioning,ICCBR-99
[11]S.Pranhakar, Ashok K.Goel.Functional modeling for enabling adaptive design of devices for new environments.Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, 1998, 12
[12]D.Navinchandra, Katia P, Sycra,S. Narasimban.Behavioral synthesis in CADET. a case-based design tool.IEEE, 1991
[13]Ghassan Issa,Stewart Shen, Meng Sang Chew. Using analogical reasoning for mechanisam design.IEEE Expert,VOL9,June 1994
[14]Rick Wagener, Giuseppe Castanotto,ken Goldberg,FixtureNet:Interactive Computer Aided Design via the www.International Journal of human-computer Studied,Vol.46,No.6,1997
[15]Fischer, A. Multi-level models for reverse engineering and rapid prototyping in remote CAD systems. CAD Computer Aided Design, v 32, n 1, Jan, 2000, p27-38
[16]G.Q.Huang ang K.L.Mak, Issues in the development and implementation of web application for product design and manufacture,Int.J.Computer Intergrated Manufacturing,2001,Vol. 14,NO. 1,125-135
[17]Wang,J.Z. Implementing method of remote cooperative design system based on browser/server model.Jisuanji Jicheng Zhizao Xitong/Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, CIMS, v 6, n 6, December, 2000, p52-55+60
[18]华北工学院《机械零件设计手册》编写组．《机械零件设计手册》．天津：冶金工业出
版社，1982
[19]沈辅成．客户机／服务器技术及其应用．现代图书情报技术，1997(S1)
[20]陈旭，刘加伶．Client/Server与Browser/Server结构的分析与比较．重庆工学院学报．2002(1)
[21]林碧英，曲俊华，吕洁．网络系统中的计算模式．现代电力，2000(4)
[22]熊桂喜，王小虎．计算机网络．北京：清华大学出版社，1998
[23]邓文渊，陈惠贞．ASP于网页数据库设计．中国铁道出版社，2001
[24]段永红，李春海．基于ASP的网站建设．电脑开发与应用，2000(8)
[25]廖信彦．Active Server Pages应用大全—ASP与数据库的整合．北京：清华大学出版社．2000
[26]邱仲潘．Active Server Pages 3从入门到精通．北京：电子工业出版社．2000．
[27]朱丽莉，焦素云，周丽娟．论现代操作系统．情报科学，2000(4)
[28]程昌品，朱泽民．网络操作系统述评．湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版)，2000(2)
[29]罗晓沛．数据库技术及其发展．电子商务，1999(3)
[30]朱欣娟，邵跃．SQL Server数据库的应用开发．西北纺织工学院学报，1999(3)
[31]肖正宏，曹元大，韩秋风．数据访问技术——OAO、ADO、RDO的比较．电脑与信息技术，2001(1)
[32]三味创作室．Visual Basic 6.0应用与提高．北京：科学技术出版社，1999
[33]李彦．Drearnweaver4.0魔幻网页制作．重庆：重庆大学出版社，2001
[34]铁成．Visual InterDev 6.0开发指南，北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[35]齐勇，赵季中等．中间应用服务器中分布对象事务服务管理技术研究．西安交通大学学报，2000，35(2)
[36]S.Vinoski.CORBA Intergrationg Diverse Applications Within Distributed Heterogeneous Enviroments.IEEE Communication Magzine, 1997,14(4)
[37]邱仲潘．COM与COM+从入门到精通．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．
[38]Schmidt DC, Goklhale AS, Harrison Tetal.High-performance and System Architecture for Real-time CORBA.IEEE Communication Magazaine, 1997,35(2):72-77
[39]Object Management Group.A Discussion of the Object Management Architecture.Object Management Group Framingham Mass, 1977
[40]李海．Visual Basic编程晋级ActiveX控件．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2000
[41]S.H.Masood,A.Soo.A role based expert system for rapid prototyping system selection. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2002, 18:267-274
[42]Pearl Pu, Lisa Purvis, Assembly planning using case adaptation methods. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 1995
[43] Yongsheng Gao,Ibrahim Zeid,Theodore Bardasz.Characteristics of an effective design plan system to support reuse in case-based mechanical design.Knowledge-Based Systems, 1998,10:337-350
[44] Gerard Jounghyun Kim.Case-based design for assembly.Computer-Aided Design, 1997, 29(7): 497-506
[45] SHU HUANG SUN,JAHUA LEWIS CHEN.A Fixture Design System using Case-based Reasoning.Engng Applic.Artif.Intell, 1996, 9(5): 533-540
[46] Min Soo Suh,Won Chul Jhee,Young Kwan Ko,Albert Lee.A Case-based expert system approach for quality design.Expert Systerms With Application , 1998, 15:181-190
[47] Ay-Hwa Andy Liou and Ming-Tser Wu.Mapping knowledge to Rules for Scheduling Expert Systems.Expert Systems with Application,1996, 10(3/4):341-350
[48] L.Joskowicz,D.Neville.A representation language for Mechanical Behavior.Artificial Intelligent in Engineering, 1996,10
[49] R.M.Sonar.Integrating Intelligent Systems using an SQL-database.Expert Systerms with Application, 1999, 17: 45-49
[50] 童秉枢，李学志，吴志军等．机械CAD技术基础．北京：清华大学出版社，1996
[51] 闫家杰，赵万忠，迟凤起．模糊数学基础及应用初阶，1993
[52] 应剂，江力．基于实例推理的设计问题求解系统．中国机械工程，1995，10(5)
[53] 陈应波，武永炎，王小平等．基于实例设计的专家系统开发研究．武汉测绘科技大学学报，1999(3)
[54] 赵继云，钟廷修．CBD系统应用关键技术研究．机械设计，1999(2)
[55] Feijo.B,Gomes.P.C.R.,Scheer S. Online algorithms supporting emergence in distributed CAD systems. Advances in Engineering Software, v 32, n 10-11, October/November, 2001, p 779-787
[56] 林卫．汽车离合器设计专家系统相关技术研究．[郑州工业大学硕士学位论文]，1996
[57] 闪四清．SQL Server 2000系统管理指南．北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[58] 孙晓斌，杨海成，王佑君．基于实例的设计方法研究．机械科学与技术，2000(2)
[59] 孙元骁等．圆柱齿轮减速器优化设计．北京：机械工业出版社，1988
[60] 吴载斌，王斌会．数据挖掘中的预测及其应用．统计与预测，2002(1)
[61] 杨晓红，刘书华．虚拟现实技术及其应用．计算机时代，2002(1)
[62] 王经卓，殷国富，胡晓兵．Web技术在网络CAD系统中的应用．四川大学学报(工程科学版)，2000，32(5)
[63] 陈石．XML技术及其应用．计算机应用研究，2002，(3)
[2]廖建勇．CAD技术国内外发展概述．计算机时代，1995(3)
[3]李振兴．试论机械CAD的应用现状及发展趋势．科技情报开发与经济，2001(5)
[4]钟明．人工智能技术研究和应用．全球科技了望，1999(3)
[5]孙淑婷，孙淑媛．专家系统在机械工业中的应用．山西机械，1996(3)
[6]吴慧中，陈定方，万耀青．机械设计专家系统研究与实践．北京：中国铁道出版社，1994
[7]Michel Dubas.Expert systems in industrial pratice:Advantages and drawbacks. Expert Systems,1990,3(7)
[8]张佑生，王雷刚．智能CAD方法及应用．合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)，1999(6)
[9]高剂．基于知识的软件智能化技术．浙江大学硕士论文，1998
[10]Younghyun Han, Kunwoo Lee, Virtual function generators:represention and reusing underling design concepts in conceptual synthesis of mechanisms for function generation.Case-Based Reasoning Research and development.Third Internation Conference on Case-Based Reasioning,ICCBR-99
[11]S.Pranhakar, Ashok K.Goel.Functional modeling for enabling adaptive design of devices for new environments.Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, 1998, 12
[12]D.Navinchandra, Katia P, Sycra,S. Narasimban.Behavioral synthesis in CADET. a case-based design tool.IEEE, 1991
[13]Ghassan Issa,Stewart Shen, Meng Sang Chew. Using analogical reasoning for mechanisam design.IEEE Expert,VOL9,June 1994
[14]Rick Wagener, Giuseppe Castanotto,ken Goldberg,FixtureNet:Interactive Computer Aided Design via the www.International Journal of human-computer Studied,Vol.46,No.6,1997
[15]Fischer, A. Multi-level models for reverse engineering and rapid prototyping in remote CAD systems. CAD Computer Aided Design, v 32, n 1, Jan, 2000, p27-38
[16]G.Q.Huang ang K.L.Mak, Issues in the development and implementation of web application for product design and manufacture,Int.J.Computer Intergrated Manufacturing,2001,Vol. 14,NO. 1,125-135
[17]Wang,J.Z. Implementing method of remote cooperative design system based on browser/server model.Jisuanji Jicheng Zhizao Xitong/Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, CIMS, v 6, n 6, December, 2000, p52-55+60
[18]华北工学院《机械零件设计手册》编写组．《机械零件设计手册》．天津：冶金工业出
版社，1982
[19]沈辅成．客户机／服务器技术及其应用．现代图书情报技术，1997(S1)
[20]陈旭，刘加伶．Client/Server与Browser/Server结构的分析与比较．重庆工学院学报．2002(1)
[21]林碧英，曲俊华，吕洁．网络系统中的计算模式．现代电力，2000(4)
[22]熊桂喜，王小虎．计算机网络．北京：清华大学出版社，1998
[23]邓文渊，陈惠贞．ASP于网页数据库设计．中国铁道出版社，2001
[24]段永红，李春海．基于ASP的网站建设．电脑开发与应用，2000(8)
[25]廖信彦．Active Server Pages应用大全—ASP与数据库的整合．北京：清华大学出版社．2000
[26]邱仲潘．Active Server Pages 3从入门到精通．北京：电子工业出版社．2000．
[27]朱丽莉，焦素云，周丽娟．论现代操作系统．情报科学，2000(4)
[28]程昌品，朱泽民．网络操作系统述评．湖北民族学院学报(自然科学版)，2000(2)
[29]罗晓沛．数据库技术及其发展．电子商务，1999(3)
[30]朱欣娟，邵跃．SQL Server数据库的应用开发．西北纺织工学院学报，1999(3)
[31]肖正宏，曹元大，韩秋风．数据访问技术——OAO、ADO、RDO的比较．电脑与信息技术，2001(1)
[32]三味创作室．Visual Basic 6.0应用与提高．北京：科学技术出版社，1999
[33]李彦．Drearnweaver4.0魔幻网页制作．重庆：重庆大学出版社，2001
[34]铁成．Visual InterDev 6.0开发指南，北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[35]齐勇，赵季中等．中间应用服务器中分布对象事务服务管理技术研究．西安交通大学学报，2000，35(2)
[36]S.Vinoski.CORBA Intergrationg Diverse Applications Within Distributed Heterogeneous Enviroments.IEEE Communication Magzine, 1997,14(4)
[37]邱仲潘．COM与COM+从入门到精通．北京：电子工业出版社，2004．
[38]Schmidt DC, Goklhale AS, Harrison Tetal.High-performance and System Architecture for Real-time CORBA.IEEE Communication Magazaine, 1997,35(2):72-77
[39]Object Management Group.A Discussion of the Object Management Architecture.Object Management Group Framingham Mass, 1977
[40]李海．Visual Basic编程晋级ActiveX控件．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2000
[41]S.H.Masood,A.Soo.A role based expert system for rapid prototyping system selection. Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2002, 18:267-274
[42]Pearl Pu, Lisa Purvis, Assembly planning using case adaptation methods. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 1995
[43] Yongsheng Gao,Ibrahim Zeid,Theodore Bardasz.Characteristics of an effective design plan system to support reuse in case-based mechanical design.Knowledge-Based Systems, 1998,10:337-350
[44] Gerard Jounghyun Kim.Case-based design for assembly.Computer-Aided Design, 1997, 29(7): 497-506
[45] SHU HUANG SUN,JAHUA LEWIS CHEN.A Fixture Design System using Case-based Reasoning.Engng Applic.Artif.Intell, 1996, 9(5): 533-540
[46] Min Soo Suh,Won Chul Jhee,Young Kwan Ko,Albert Lee.A Case-based expert system approach for quality design.Expert Systerms With Application , 1998, 15:181-190
[47] Ay-Hwa Andy Liou and Ming-Tser Wu.Mapping knowledge to Rules for Scheduling Expert Systems.Expert Systems with Application,1996, 10(3/4):341-350
[48] L.Joskowicz,D.Neville.A representation language for Mechanical Behavior.Artificial Intelligent in Engineering, 1996,10
[49] R.M.Sonar.Integrating Intelligent Systems using an SQL-database.Expert Systerms with Application, 1999, 17: 45-49
[50] 童秉枢，李学志，吴志军等．机械CAD技术基础．北京：清华大学出版社，1996
[51] 闫家杰，赵万忠，迟凤起．模糊数学基础及应用初阶，1993
[52] 应剂，江力．基于实例推理的设计问题求解系统．中国机械工程，1995，10(5)
[53] 陈应波，武永炎，王小平等．基于实例设计的专家系统开发研究．武汉测绘科技大学学报，1999(3)
[54] 赵继云，钟廷修．CBD系统应用关键技术研究．机械设计，1999(2)
[55] Feijo.B,Gomes.P.C.R.,Scheer S. Online algorithms supporting emergence in distributed CAD systems. Advances in Engineering Software, v 32, n 10-11, October/November, 2001, p 779-787
[56] 林卫．汽车离合器设计专家系统相关技术研究．[郑州工业大学硕士学位论文]，1996
[57] 闪四清．SQL Server 2000系统管理指南．北京：清华大学出版社，2001
[58] 孙晓斌，杨海成，王佑君．基于实例的设计方法研究．机械科学与技术，2000(2)
[59] 孙元骁等．圆柱齿轮减速器优化设计．北京：机械工业出版社，1988
[60] 吴载斌，王斌会．数据挖掘中的预测及其应用．统计与预测，2002(1)
[61] 杨晓红，刘书华．虚拟现实技术及其应用．计算机时代，2002(1)
[62] 王经卓，殷国富，胡晓兵．Web技术在网络CAD系统中的应用．四川大学学报(工程科学版)，2000，32(5)
[63] 陈石．XML技术及其应用．计算机应用研究，2002，(3)