面向系统监控的钢坯三维温度场全信息重构研究
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摘要
钢坯加热炉是钢铁厂很典型的热工设备,它的能耗占整个工业能耗的很大比例。因此,在满足热负荷要求的前提下,如何使热效率最高、钢材质量最好和经济效益最大,是一个很有研究价值的工业课题。本文以某钢厂一座步进梁式连续加热炉为研究对象,基于加热炉燃烧和钢坯加热机理,考虑其“有效的加热炉节能控制技术和控制方式须建立在准确的钢坯三维温度场全信息分布描述之上”的理论基础,采用VRML技术,尝试一种针对与燃烧效率和钢材轧制质量有直接关系的一个环节,即钢坯的三维温度场,完成其全信息虚拟描述和远程虚拟可视化监控。据此,可为下一步研究最佳燃烧控制,获得较大的节能和经济效果提供一种技术基础手段,
为此,首先需建立加热炉及其钢坯的三维立体模型,这个模型应该能够模拟实际的炉内加热钢坯的工艺运动轨迹,对于步进梁式连续加热炉,即在移动梁的作用下从加热炉一端移动到另一端。并且该模型需要能够获取加热钢坯的实时三维温度数据,为实现可视化要求,其温度数据可以加热钢坯的不同颜色来直观地显示。另外,为了体现加热钢坯温度场三维全信息表达,考虑在VRML界面中实现人机交互,即由操作者通过鼠标点击的方式来选择不同的钢坯三维剖面进行观察。为了达到温度数据的适时更新与远程监控,我们采用客户/服务器的结构,由本地服务器采用Socket技术与远程客户端进行数据传送。利用EAI来实现JavaApplet程序与VRML模型之间的数据传输,从而得到人机交互的目的。
文中提出并解决了几个编程实现中的关键问题,有些是在相关领域内的首次使用,论文中提出的一些方法希望能为今后的研究工作提出相应的应对策略和研究思路启发。
Reheating furnace is one of the key equipments in hot process. It use the high percentage of energy in the plant. So, by the enough heat load range, it is one of the valuable industrial task that how to get higher thermal efficiency, best quality of rolled steel, and biggest economy situation. This paper take one walking beam furnace of a steel plant as study object , base on the mechanism of furnace burning and billet heating , consider the basic theory that effective saving energy control technology and technique must base on the exact description of 3D temperature field' s complete information about billet , use the technology of VRML , attempt to achieve a important tache' s complete information virtual description and long-distance virtual viewable monitoring , this tache have direct relation with burning efficiency and steel' s rolling quality. Hereby, this paper provide a sort of basic technology measure for next steps, for example, use this technology we can get the best burning control for well saving energy and economy effect.
Therefor , we first require to establish a three-dimensional solid model about furnace and billets in it, this model should have the ability to simulate the technics sport track of billet which is heating in reality furnace, for the walking furnace , this track is to say that the billet move from one end of furnace to another by the effect of moving girder. And this model should also can get the real-time 3D temperature data of furnace, in order to realize viewable task, this temperature data can be displayed by different color. Otherwise ,in order to incarnate the 3D complete information expression of heating billet' s temperature field, we consider to realize the man-machine conversation in the VRML interface, it is to say that the manipulator can select the different 3D section of billet by mouse to observe. In order to obtain the temperature data' s updata and long-distance supervise, we use the C/S frame, the server transfer the data to client by socket technology. We utilize the EAI interface to realize the data transmission between JavaApplet program and VRML model, consequently, receive the task of man-machine conversation.
In this paper, we make out and solve some key question in the programe' s realization, some are used firstly in this domain, some technique which was brought forward can be a enlight in the domain of industry' s supervise.
为此,首先需建立加热炉及其钢坯的三维立体模型,这个模型应该能够模拟实际的炉内加热钢坯的工艺运动轨迹,对于步进梁式连续加热炉,即在移动梁的作用下从加热炉一端移动到另一端。并且该模型需要能够获取加热钢坯的实时三维温度数据,为实现可视化要求,其温度数据可以加热钢坯的不同颜色来直观地显示。另外,为了体现加热钢坯温度场三维全信息表达,考虑在VRML界面中实现人机交互,即由操作者通过鼠标点击的方式来选择不同的钢坯三维剖面进行观察。为了达到温度数据的适时更新与远程监控,我们采用客户/服务器的结构,由本地服务器采用Socket技术与远程客户端进行数据传送。利用EAI来实现JavaApplet程序与VRML模型之间的数据传输,从而得到人机交互的目的。
文中提出并解决了几个编程实现中的关键问题,有些是在相关领域内的首次使用,论文中提出的一些方法希望能为今后的研究工作提出相应的应对策略和研究思路启发。
Reheating furnace is one of the key equipments in hot process. It use the high percentage of energy in the plant. So, by the enough heat load range, it is one of the valuable industrial task that how to get higher thermal efficiency, best quality of rolled steel, and biggest economy situation. This paper take one walking beam furnace of a steel plant as study object , base on the mechanism of furnace burning and billet heating , consider the basic theory that effective saving energy control technology and technique must base on the exact description of 3D temperature field' s complete information about billet , use the technology of VRML , attempt to achieve a important tache' s complete information virtual description and long-distance virtual viewable monitoring , this tache have direct relation with burning efficiency and steel' s rolling quality. Hereby, this paper provide a sort of basic technology measure for next steps, for example, use this technology we can get the best burning control for well saving energy and economy effect.
Therefor , we first require to establish a three-dimensional solid model about furnace and billets in it, this model should have the ability to simulate the technics sport track of billet which is heating in reality furnace, for the walking furnace , this track is to say that the billet move from one end of furnace to another by the effect of moving girder. And this model should also can get the real-time 3D temperature data of furnace, in order to realize viewable task, this temperature data can be displayed by different color. Otherwise ,in order to incarnate the 3D complete information expression of heating billet' s temperature field, we consider to realize the man-machine conversation in the VRML interface, it is to say that the manipulator can select the different 3D section of billet by mouse to observe. In order to obtain the temperature data' s updata and long-distance supervise, we use the C/S frame, the server transfer the data to client by socket technology. We utilize the EAI interface to realize the data transmission between JavaApplet program and VRML model, consequently, receive the task of man-machine conversation.
In this paper, we make out and solve some key question in the programe' s realization, some are used firstly in this domain, some technique which was brought forward can be a enlight in the domain of industry' s supervise.
引文
[1]陆昌辉,使用VRML与JAVA创建网络虚拟环境.北京:北京大学出版社,2003,1
[2]张金钊 张金镝 张金悦,虚拟现实三维立体网络程序设计语言VRML.北京:清华大学出版社,北京交通大学出版社,2004,2
[3]张金钊,X3D虚拟现实技术—第二代立体网络程序设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2007,6
[4]任作新,网络化监控系统.北京:国防工业出版社,2007,1
[5]梁军,大型板坯加热炉中钢坯温度分布的软测量及实现,传感器学报,1999.02(1):81-83
[6]杨永耀 吕勇哉,钢坯加热炉计算机控制动态数字模型的开发,自动化学报,1987.13(4):257-264
[7]王付生 李波,应用虚拟现实技术实现测控目标虚拟监控的方法研究,飞行器控制学报,2001年6月
[8]王丽娜 肖刚,基于VRML的电厂锅炉结构三维可视化探讨,华北电力技术,2007.2:3-6
[9]张翠敏,钢坯温度动态预报模型及其可视化的研究:[硕士学位论文].昆明:昆明理工大学,2003
[10]田宏伟,加热炉钢坯温度场智能预报系统研究:[硕士学位论文].昆明:昆明理工大学,2003
[11]王汝传 姚旭敏,基于Java和Vrml虚拟场景通信方式的研究,系统仿真学报,2003.7:986-989
[12]幸运帷,Java程序设计,北京:清华大学出版社,2006,8
[13]黄嘉辉,Java网络程序设计,北京:清华大学出版社,2002,10
[14]夏先波,Java JDK实例宝典,北京:电子工业出版社,2007,1
[15]蔡乔方,加热炉.北京:冶会工业出版社,1996年
[16]梁军,轧钢加热炉钢坯加热质量的检测研究(工),传感器学报,2003.03(1):59-64
[17]梁军,轧钢加热炉钢坯加热质量的检测研究(Ⅱ),传感器学报,2003.06(2):117-123
[18]张凯举,步进梁式加热炉炉温优化算法的改进与计算机仿真,系统仿真学报,2006,18(3):794-796
[19]吴成东,钢坯加热时传感器数字模型的研究,沈阳建筑工程学院学报,1994,10(4):16-20
[20]赵炜,穆志纯,张玉等,基于虚拟现实的轧钢实时仿真训练系统,系统仿真学报,2006,18(4):909-911
[21]巢海 王伟,步进梁式加热炉钢温预报的数学模型,东北大学学报(自然科学版),1998.19(25):499-501
[22]沈丙振,周进,韩志强.热轧步进梁式加热炉内钢坯温度场数值模拟,冶金能源,2002,21(4):24-28
[23]白伟冬 周之平,关于VRML中物体间碰撞检测的研究,计算机应用研究,2004.6:128-130
[24]http://www.parallelgraphics.com/developer/products/cortona/extens ions/collision
[25]鲁强,基于Web的变电站虚拟监控告警界面的适时更新,电力系统通信,2004.7:11-14
[26]胡俊,3DS MAX应用实例分析与制作.北京:人民邮电出版社,2000
[27]陶品,虚拟装配防真平台的研究与实现,系统仿真学报,2001.11:704-706
[28]N.Abe,etal.Verification of assembability of mechanical parts and visualization of machinery of assembly in virtual space[A].In Proceedings of International Conference on Virtual Reality and rele Existence'97,Tokyo,1997.208-215
[29]Qpeng,FRHaIl,PMLister.Application and valuation of VR-based CAPP system.Journal of Materials Processing rechnology,2000,107(11):153-159
[30]http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/download.html
[31]http://www.vrml.org/WorkingGroups/vrml-java3d
[32]Umeda Y.Supporting conceptual design based on FBS modeler.Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design,Analysis and Manufacturing,1996,(10):275-284
[33]Lena Qian and John S.Gero.Function-behavior-structure paths and their role in analogy-based design.Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design,Analysis and Manufacturing,1996,(10):275-284
[34]Grandl Reinhard.Virtual process week in the experimentalv ehicle build at BMWAG.Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing,2001,17(2):65-71
[35]D.F.Garcia,M.siera,J.A.Gonzalez.Development of Scalable Realtime observers for Continus Reaheating Furnaces Based on Mathematical Modeling Techniqus,IEEE,1998
[37]申蔚,夏立文.虚拟现实技术.北京:希望电子出版社,2002年
[38]任浩,谭庆平.基于VRML和Java的物理建模方法的实现.计算机工程与科学,2002,22(2):36-39
[39]董士海,王坚.人机交互和多通道用户界面,北京:科学技术出版社,1999
[40]雷超,戴国忠.三维交互立体结构的研究与实现,计算机研究与发展,2001,38(5):557-562
[41]传动培训教程.安钢1780工程项目指挥部
[2]张金钊 张金镝 张金悦,虚拟现实三维立体网络程序设计语言VRML.北京:清华大学出版社,北京交通大学出版社,2004,2
[3]张金钊,X3D虚拟现实技术—第二代立体网络程序设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2007,6
[4]任作新,网络化监控系统.北京:国防工业出版社,2007,1
[5]梁军,大型板坯加热炉中钢坯温度分布的软测量及实现,传感器学报,1999.02(1):81-83
[6]杨永耀 吕勇哉,钢坯加热炉计算机控制动态数字模型的开发,自动化学报,1987.13(4):257-264
[7]王付生 李波,应用虚拟现实技术实现测控目标虚拟监控的方法研究,飞行器控制学报,2001年6月
[8]王丽娜 肖刚,基于VRML的电厂锅炉结构三维可视化探讨,华北电力技术,2007.2:3-6
[9]张翠敏,钢坯温度动态预报模型及其可视化的研究:[硕士学位论文].昆明:昆明理工大学,2003
[10]田宏伟,加热炉钢坯温度场智能预报系统研究:[硕士学位论文].昆明:昆明理工大学,2003
[11]王汝传 姚旭敏,基于Java和Vrml虚拟场景通信方式的研究,系统仿真学报,2003.7:986-989
[12]幸运帷,Java程序设计,北京:清华大学出版社,2006,8
[13]黄嘉辉,Java网络程序设计,北京:清华大学出版社,2002,10
[14]夏先波,Java JDK实例宝典,北京:电子工业出版社,2007,1
[15]蔡乔方,加热炉.北京:冶会工业出版社,1996年
[16]梁军,轧钢加热炉钢坯加热质量的检测研究(工),传感器学报,2003.03(1):59-64
[17]梁军,轧钢加热炉钢坯加热质量的检测研究(Ⅱ),传感器学报,2003.06(2):117-123
[18]张凯举,步进梁式加热炉炉温优化算法的改进与计算机仿真,系统仿真学报,2006,18(3):794-796
[19]吴成东,钢坯加热时传感器数字模型的研究,沈阳建筑工程学院学报,1994,10(4):16-20
[20]赵炜,穆志纯,张玉等,基于虚拟现实的轧钢实时仿真训练系统,系统仿真学报,2006,18(4):909-911
[21]巢海 王伟,步进梁式加热炉钢温预报的数学模型,东北大学学报(自然科学版),1998.19(25):499-501
[22]沈丙振,周进,韩志强.热轧步进梁式加热炉内钢坯温度场数值模拟,冶金能源,2002,21(4):24-28
[23]白伟冬 周之平,关于VRML中物体间碰撞检测的研究,计算机应用研究,2004.6:128-130
[24]http://www.parallelgraphics.com/developer/products/cortona/extens ions/collision
[25]鲁强,基于Web的变电站虚拟监控告警界面的适时更新,电力系统通信,2004.7:11-14
[26]胡俊,3DS MAX应用实例分析与制作.北京:人民邮电出版社,2000
[27]陶品,虚拟装配防真平台的研究与实现,系统仿真学报,2001.11:704-706
[28]N.Abe,etal.Verification of assembability of mechanical parts and visualization of machinery of assembly in virtual space[A].In Proceedings of International Conference on Virtual Reality and rele Existence'97,Tokyo,1997.208-215
[29]Qpeng,FRHaIl,PMLister.Application and valuation of VR-based CAPP system.Journal of Materials Processing rechnology,2000,107(11):153-159
[30]http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/download.html
[31]http://www.vrml.org/WorkingGroups/vrml-java3d
[32]Umeda Y.Supporting conceptual design based on FBS modeler.Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design,Analysis and Manufacturing,1996,(10):275-284
[33]Lena Qian and John S.Gero.Function-behavior-structure paths and their role in analogy-based design.Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design,Analysis and Manufacturing,1996,(10):275-284
[34]Grandl Reinhard.Virtual process week in the experimentalv ehicle build at BMWAG.Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing,2001,17(2):65-71
[35]D.F.Garcia,M.siera,J.A.Gonzalez.Development of Scalable Realtime observers for Continus Reaheating Furnaces Based on Mathematical Modeling Techniqus,IEEE,1998
[37]申蔚,夏立文.虚拟现实技术.北京:希望电子出版社,2002年
[38]任浩,谭庆平.基于VRML和Java的物理建模方法的实现.计算机工程与科学,2002,22(2):36-39
[39]董士海,王坚.人机交互和多通道用户界面,北京:科学技术出版社,1999
[40]雷超,戴国忠.三维交互立体结构的研究与实现,计算机研究与发展,2001,38(5):557-562
[41]传动培训教程.安钢1780工程项目指挥部