大重载飞机起落架方案设计
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摘要
大重载飞机的起落架方案设计是进行大重载飞机起落架设计的初步,我国正在进行大飞机的研制工作,在大飞机方面的研究还处于起步阶段,因此从方案设计开始入手,展开大重载飞机起落架的研究工作具有较大的实际意义。
本文首先根据国内较为经典的飞机起落架设计规范和国外有关大型飞机起落架的设计经验,对某型重载飞机主起落架缓冲系统进行了参数设计估算;随后利用经典的两质量模型理论对适用于重载飞机的支柱和小车式起落架进行了动力学模型的建立;然后利用仿真软件MATLAB/Simulink对起落架着陆动力学进行仿真,并用成熟的商业软件ADAMS/Aircraft对MATLAB模型计算结果进行了校对;最后本文利用所编写MATLAB模型对所设计缓冲系统参数进行虚拟落震试验校核及优化。
本文研究结果表明由两套设计经验估算得到的有关大重载飞机起落架缓冲系统参数在落震仿真中基本适合,但还需要通过落震仿真进行进一步调整;另外小车式起落架因为车架俯仰运动产生的额外过载,其在着陆过程中的轴向力和轮胎径向力相比于支柱式起落架稍大。
Landing gear conceptual design for heavy load aircraft is the first step to design a whole landing gear system. The large aircraft is being researched in our country and the research about this field in our country is at the initial stage. So it is worthwhile to carry on the research from the conceptual design.
Firstly some basic parameters are designed and estimated for the main landing gear absorber system according to the inland classic landing gear design standard and large-size landing gear design experience abroad. Then the traditional two-mass dynamic models are established for post landing gear and truck-like landing gear which are suitable for heavy load aircraft. Next the dynamic analysis is carried on using MATLAB/Simulink and the results are checked by another mature software ADAMS/Aircraft. At the end of this paper, a virtual drop test and an optimal process are performed to verify the basic absorber system parameters.
The results indicate that two kinds of conceptual design experiences are suitable for the heavy load aircrafts, but some parameters need to adjust by drop test. In addition, because of the additional overload produced by the bogey pitch movement, the strut force of the truck-like landing gear and the normal force of the tires are a little higher than post landing gear.
本文首先根据国内较为经典的飞机起落架设计规范和国外有关大型飞机起落架的设计经验,对某型重载飞机主起落架缓冲系统进行了参数设计估算;随后利用经典的两质量模型理论对适用于重载飞机的支柱和小车式起落架进行了动力学模型的建立;然后利用仿真软件MATLAB/Simulink对起落架着陆动力学进行仿真,并用成熟的商业软件ADAMS/Aircraft对MATLAB模型计算结果进行了校对;最后本文利用所编写MATLAB模型对所设计缓冲系统参数进行虚拟落震试验校核及优化。
本文研究结果表明由两套设计经验估算得到的有关大重载飞机起落架缓冲系统参数在落震仿真中基本适合,但还需要通过落震仿真进行进一步调整;另外小车式起落架因为车架俯仰运动产生的额外过载,其在着陆过程中的轴向力和轮胎径向力相比于支柱式起落架稍大。
Landing gear conceptual design for heavy load aircraft is the first step to design a whole landing gear system. The large aircraft is being researched in our country and the research about this field in our country is at the initial stage. So it is worthwhile to carry on the research from the conceptual design.
Firstly some basic parameters are designed and estimated for the main landing gear absorber system according to the inland classic landing gear design standard and large-size landing gear design experience abroad. Then the traditional two-mass dynamic models are established for post landing gear and truck-like landing gear which are suitable for heavy load aircraft. Next the dynamic analysis is carried on using MATLAB/Simulink and the results are checked by another mature software ADAMS/Aircraft. At the end of this paper, a virtual drop test and an optimal process are performed to verify the basic absorber system parameters.
The results indicate that two kinds of conceptual design experiences are suitable for the heavy load aircrafts, but some parameters need to adjust by drop test. In addition, because of the additional overload produced by the bogey pitch movement, the strut force of the truck-like landing gear and the normal force of the tires are a little higher than post landing gear.
引文
[1]聂宏,魏小辉.大型民用飞机起落架关键技术.南京航空航天大学学报,2008,40(4):427~432.
[2]郭湖明,聂宏.多支柱式起落架布置形式对着陆性能的影响.南京:南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2008.
[3] Donald M. Rehder and Lane B. Mosby. Ground loads for aircraft with multiple wheels and multiple landing gear and with requirements for semi-improved airfield operations. AIAA Paper No.65-711,1965.
[4] Herman S.D.Yang. C-5A Main Landing Gear Bogie Pitch Control. AIAA Paper No.70-914,1970.
[5] Curry N. S. Aircraft landing gear design: principles and practice. Washington: AIAA Education Series,1988.
[6]《飞机设计手册》总编委会编.飞机着陆系统设计.北京:航空工业出版社,2002.
[7]国防科学技术工业委员会. GJB684A-98.军用航空轮胎系列.北京,1998.
[8] Goodyear Inc. Aviation Tires Department. The aircraft tire data book. Available from: http://www.goodyearaviation.com/tiredatabook.html,2002
[9]航天工业部科学技术委员会编.飞机起落架强度设计指南.四川:四川科学技术出版社,1989.
[10]国防科学技术工业委员会. GJB67.4-85.军用飞机强度和刚度规范地面载荷.北京,1986.
[11]王钱生,邵永起.飞机使用下沉速度的研究.飞机设计,1998,2:1~7.
[12] Pietro Callerio. The Shock-Absorbing System of the Airplane Landing Gear. NACA Technical Memorandum No.938,1940.
[13] Sonny T. Chai and William H. Mason. Landing gear Integration in aircraft conceptual design. MAD 96-09-01,1996.
[14]阿氏塔霍夫.飞机强度计算手册.北京:国防工业出版社,1963,p799.
[15]盛保信.航空轮胎尺寸选取.轮胎工业,2006,26(8):464~468.
[16]盛保信.航空轮胎充气尺寸与飞行安全.现代橡胶技术,2005,31(3):4~8.
[17]中华人民共和国航空航天工业部. HB6176-88.飞机油气式缓冲器起落架.北京,1988.
[18]中国航空科学技术研究所编.飞机起落架结构耐久性设计与分析指南.北京:中国航空工业总公司《AFFD》系统工程出版社,1995.
[19]聂宏.飞机起落架的缓冲性能分析与设计及其寿命计算方法.南京:南京航空航天大学博士学位论文,1990.
[20]隋福成,陆华.飞机起落架缓冲器数学模型研究.飞机设计,2002,2:44~51.
[21]麻士东.飞机起落架缓冲系统动力学仿真研究.南京:南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2004,p22~25.
[22]李思政.多轮多支柱起落架飞机滑跑响应分析.西安:西北工业大学硕士论文,2006,p10~21.
[23]沈航.飞机起落架着陆与滑跑性能分析.应用力学学报.西安:西安交通大学,2001,18(S1):198~202
[24]徐燕.舰载飞机滑跃起飞动力学研究.南京:南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2007,p23.
[25]王沫然. MATLAB与科学计算.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,p346~400.
[26]黄永安,马路,刘慧敏. MATLAB7.0/Simulink6.0建模仿真开发与高级工程师应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2005,p13~149.
[27]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[28] Mechanical Dynamics Inc. ADAMS/Aircraft Landing gear Tutorials. 2005.
[29] Mechanical Dynamics Inc. ADAMS/Aircraft Template-Builder Tutorials. 2005.
[30] Mechanical Dynamics Inc. ADAMS/Tire Help Document. 2005.
[31]候赤,万小朋,赵美英.基于ADAMS的小车式起落架仿真分析技术研究.系统仿真学报,2007,19(4):909~913.
[32] H. Vinayak and J. J. Enright. Pitch Plane Simulation of Aircraft Landing Gears using ADAMS. International ADAMS User Conference,1998.
[33]肖宇. ADAMS在起落架动态性能仿真分析中的应用.南京:南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2005.
[34]中华人民共和国航空航天部. HB6645-92.飞机起落架缓冲器落震试验方法和要求.北京,1993.
[35]刘莉,杨国柱,何庆芝.起落架缓冲系统参数优化设计.航空学报,1992,13(10):B506~B511.
[36]晋萍,聂宏.起落架着陆动态仿真分析模型及参数优化设计.南京航空航天大学学报,2003,35(5):498~502.
[37]杨春生,黄丹.基于MATLAB的飞机起落架着陆动态仿真研究分析.航空计算技术,2006,36(4):96~99.
[38] David H. Chester. Aircraft Landing Impact Parametric Study with Emphasis on Nose Gear Landing Conditions. Journal of Aircraft. 2002,39(3):394-403.
[2]郭湖明,聂宏.多支柱式起落架布置形式对着陆性能的影响.南京:南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2008.
[3] Donald M. Rehder and Lane B. Mosby. Ground loads for aircraft with multiple wheels and multiple landing gear and with requirements for semi-improved airfield operations. AIAA Paper No.65-711,1965.
[4] Herman S.D.Yang. C-5A Main Landing Gear Bogie Pitch Control. AIAA Paper No.70-914,1970.
[5] Curry N. S. Aircraft landing gear design: principles and practice. Washington: AIAA Education Series,1988.
[6]《飞机设计手册》总编委会编.飞机着陆系统设计.北京:航空工业出版社,2002.
[7]国防科学技术工业委员会. GJB684A-98.军用航空轮胎系列.北京,1998.
[8] Goodyear Inc. Aviation Tires Department. The aircraft tire data book. Available from: http://www.goodyearaviation.com/tiredatabook.html,2002
[9]航天工业部科学技术委员会编.飞机起落架强度设计指南.四川:四川科学技术出版社,1989.
[10]国防科学技术工业委员会. GJB67.4-85.军用飞机强度和刚度规范地面载荷.北京,1986.
[11]王钱生,邵永起.飞机使用下沉速度的研究.飞机设计,1998,2:1~7.
[12] Pietro Callerio. The Shock-Absorbing System of the Airplane Landing Gear. NACA Technical Memorandum No.938,1940.
[13] Sonny T. Chai and William H. Mason. Landing gear Integration in aircraft conceptual design. MAD 96-09-01,1996.
[14]阿氏塔霍夫.飞机强度计算手册.北京:国防工业出版社,1963,p799.
[15]盛保信.航空轮胎尺寸选取.轮胎工业,2006,26(8):464~468.
[16]盛保信.航空轮胎充气尺寸与飞行安全.现代橡胶技术,2005,31(3):4~8.
[17]中华人民共和国航空航天工业部. HB6176-88.飞机油气式缓冲器起落架.北京,1988.
[18]中国航空科学技术研究所编.飞机起落架结构耐久性设计与分析指南.北京:中国航空工业总公司《AFFD》系统工程出版社,1995.
[19]聂宏.飞机起落架的缓冲性能分析与设计及其寿命计算方法.南京:南京航空航天大学博士学位论文,1990.
[20]隋福成,陆华.飞机起落架缓冲器数学模型研究.飞机设计,2002,2:44~51.
[21]麻士东.飞机起落架缓冲系统动力学仿真研究.南京:南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2004,p22~25.
[22]李思政.多轮多支柱起落架飞机滑跑响应分析.西安:西北工业大学硕士论文,2006,p10~21.
[23]沈航.飞机起落架着陆与滑跑性能分析.应用力学学报.西安:西安交通大学,2001,18(S1):198~202
[24]徐燕.舰载飞机滑跃起飞动力学研究.南京:南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2007,p23.
[25]王沫然. MATLAB与科学计算.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,p346~400.
[26]黄永安,马路,刘慧敏. MATLAB7.0/Simulink6.0建模仿真开发与高级工程师应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2005,p13~149.
[27]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.
[28] Mechanical Dynamics Inc. ADAMS/Aircraft Landing gear Tutorials. 2005.
[29] Mechanical Dynamics Inc. ADAMS/Aircraft Template-Builder Tutorials. 2005.
[30] Mechanical Dynamics Inc. ADAMS/Tire Help Document. 2005.
[31]候赤,万小朋,赵美英.基于ADAMS的小车式起落架仿真分析技术研究.系统仿真学报,2007,19(4):909~913.
[32] H. Vinayak and J. J. Enright. Pitch Plane Simulation of Aircraft Landing Gears using ADAMS. International ADAMS User Conference,1998.
[33]肖宇. ADAMS在起落架动态性能仿真分析中的应用.南京:南京航空航天大学硕士论文,2005.
[34]中华人民共和国航空航天部. HB6645-92.飞机起落架缓冲器落震试验方法和要求.北京,1993.
[35]刘莉,杨国柱,何庆芝.起落架缓冲系统参数优化设计.航空学报,1992,13(10):B506~B511.
[36]晋萍,聂宏.起落架着陆动态仿真分析模型及参数优化设计.南京航空航天大学学报,2003,35(5):498~502.
[37]杨春生,黄丹.基于MATLAB的飞机起落架着陆动态仿真研究分析.航空计算技术,2006,36(4):96~99.
[38] David H. Chester. Aircraft Landing Impact Parametric Study with Emphasis on Nose Gear Landing Conditions. Journal of Aircraft. 2002,39(3):394-403.