内蒙古扎鲁特旗地区矿化蚀变遥感信息提取及成矿预测研究
|
摘要
随着我国国民经济和社会建设的持续高速发展,对矿产资源的需求越来越大,供需矛盾日益加剧。在地质工作程度较低的大兴安岭成矿区带寻找新的矿产资源基地,保证矿产资源的稳定供应,是维持国民经济可持续发展的重要途径之一。充分发挥遥感技术优势,快速勘查评价此地区的矿产资源,是一种十分有效的工作方法。
本文在内蒙古东南部扎鲁特旗地区选取5个主要铜多金属成矿区作为研究区,利用ETM遥感数据,在充分分析区域成矿地质条件和矿产分布规律的基础上,采用多种遥感图像处理和信息提取技术,提取出了与矿化有关的遥感蚀变信息,以现代成矿理论为指导,进行综合成矿预测研究,取得了以下主要研究成果:
1、根据ETM波段数据特征值的统计分析,采用多种遥感图像处理技术,获得了研究区基础地质—地貌图像;结合研究区已有的地质资料,通过遥感影像特征分析,建立了遥感地质解译标志,在野外地质调查的基础上,确定了地层、构造和岩体的位置界线,填编了遥感地质解译图,为进一步开展地质找矿工作提供了新的基础资料。
2、在充分分析岩矿光谱特征和ETM波段性能的基础上,结合研究区已有的地质矿产资料,采用特征主成分分析方法,辅助波段比值、图像掩膜、密度分割等技术,建立了遥感蚀变信息提取模型,去除植被等干扰因素,提取出了与金属矿化有关的遥感蚀变信息。通过对重点地段遥感蚀变异常的野外查证与分析,深入了解了研究区遥感蚀变异常的空间分布特征及其与矿产的内在联系,新发现了多处褐铁矿化、硅化等蚀变地段,为综合成矿预测研究提供了有利依据。
3、通过对已知矿床(点)的调查分析,认为研究区内的金属矿产主要集中分布于突泉—天山北东向成矿带和黄岗—甘珠尔庙—乌兰浩特北东向成矿带内,孟恩、布敦花和黄合吐等主要矿化集中区均受东西向断裂的控制,金属矿产分布总体呈现出北北东成带、东西成行且等间距展布的空间格局,矿床类型主要有矽卡岩型、脉状热液型及斑岩型,主攻矿种为铜、铅、锌、银、金等。
4、以遥感地质解译、矿化蚀变信息提取和异常查证结果为基础,结合地质、物化探成果资料的全面分析,在现代成矿理论的指导下,分别建立了铜、铅、锌、铁和金等典型矿区的遥感找矿标志和找矿模式,依据不同的成矿地质背景、成矿环境和成矿条件,进行了研究区的遥感综合成矿预测,共圈定了19处成矿预测区,其中Ⅰ级预测区9处、Ⅱ级预测区6处、Ⅲ级预测区4处,为在研究区部署地质勘查工作提供了科学依据,指明了方向。
With the development of our natioanl economic and social construction, the more and more mineral resources will be needed, and the confict between supply and demand is becoming bigger and bigger. Looking for new mineral resource in the Daxingan mountain metallogenic of low degree of geological works to ensure the steady supply of mineral resources is an important way of maintaining the sustainable development of the national economic. Fully utilizing the advantage of remote sensing technique and rapid evaluating the exploration of mineral resources in this region is a very effective working method.
This article selected five major copper metal mining areas as the study area in Zhalute county seated in south-eastern of Inner Mongolia. In this article, ETM multi-spectral remote sensing data was used. Based on the full analysis of regional ore-forming geological conditions and distribution of mineral resources, this article applied several remote sensing information extraction technologies to extract alteration information related to the mental mineralization. Under the direction of modern mineralization theory, it is conducted that the ore prospecting research. The major findings are as follows:
1. Based on statistical analysis of the characteristics of the value of ETM images, this article used a variety of remote sensing image processing technology and got the geological - geomorphological image of the research area; combining the remote sensing image characteristic analysis with the geological minerals material known in this area, the remote sensing image interpretation keys was formed. Based on the field geological investigation, it identified the confines of stratum, structure and rock, filled the remote sensing geological interpretation map ,and it also offered new informations to develop geological exploration.
2. On the basis of the full analysis of rock mineral spectrum characteristic and the ETM band performance, combined with the geological minerals material known in this area,the characteristic principal components analytic method, the ratio method, the image mask technology,the density separation method are used to bulid the remote sensing alteration information extraction model and to remove the interference information of vegetation,the altered information of relating to metal mineralized was separately extracted. Through the verification and analysis of the key location, we deeply understood the spatial distribution characteristics of remote sensing altered information and it internal relations with the mineral. Many newly discovered limonite and silicides are found; it provides a favorable basis for the ore prospecting research.
3. Through the survey of the known mineral deposit, it is considered that metal mineral areas are mainly focus on Tuqan - North-East Tianshan metallogenic belt and Huanggang - Kanjur Temple - NE Wulanhaote metallogenic belt. The mineralize focus area of Mengen, Budunhua and Huanghetu were subject to East-West fault control. The study area showed that the spatial pattern of distribution of the overall North-North East into a zone and space travel East-West raw with equal distance. The mainly kinds of mineral deposit are skarn, Hydrothermal vein-type and Porphyry. The mainly mine are Cu, Sn, Zn, Ag, Au and so on.
4. Based on the remote sensing geological interpretation, altered information extraction and the verification of the key location which combined with the geology and the analysis result of Geophysical-Geochemical,the remote sensing prospecting criteria and model of the diggings of Cu, Sn, Zn, Ag and Au are bulied under the direction of the modern mineralization theory. The research areas's mineralization prognostic were conducted according to the different geological setting, conditions and environment of ore-forming, a total of 19 forecast areas were delineaed , including 9 I level forecast area, 6 II level and 4 III level. It provided an important scientific basis for the deployment of geological exploration work and identicated its direction.
本文在内蒙古东南部扎鲁特旗地区选取5个主要铜多金属成矿区作为研究区,利用ETM遥感数据,在充分分析区域成矿地质条件和矿产分布规律的基础上,采用多种遥感图像处理和信息提取技术,提取出了与矿化有关的遥感蚀变信息,以现代成矿理论为指导,进行综合成矿预测研究,取得了以下主要研究成果:
1、根据ETM波段数据特征值的统计分析,采用多种遥感图像处理技术,获得了研究区基础地质—地貌图像;结合研究区已有的地质资料,通过遥感影像特征分析,建立了遥感地质解译标志,在野外地质调查的基础上,确定了地层、构造和岩体的位置界线,填编了遥感地质解译图,为进一步开展地质找矿工作提供了新的基础资料。
2、在充分分析岩矿光谱特征和ETM波段性能的基础上,结合研究区已有的地质矿产资料,采用特征主成分分析方法,辅助波段比值、图像掩膜、密度分割等技术,建立了遥感蚀变信息提取模型,去除植被等干扰因素,提取出了与金属矿化有关的遥感蚀变信息。通过对重点地段遥感蚀变异常的野外查证与分析,深入了解了研究区遥感蚀变异常的空间分布特征及其与矿产的内在联系,新发现了多处褐铁矿化、硅化等蚀变地段,为综合成矿预测研究提供了有利依据。
3、通过对已知矿床(点)的调查分析,认为研究区内的金属矿产主要集中分布于突泉—天山北东向成矿带和黄岗—甘珠尔庙—乌兰浩特北东向成矿带内,孟恩、布敦花和黄合吐等主要矿化集中区均受东西向断裂的控制,金属矿产分布总体呈现出北北东成带、东西成行且等间距展布的空间格局,矿床类型主要有矽卡岩型、脉状热液型及斑岩型,主攻矿种为铜、铅、锌、银、金等。
4、以遥感地质解译、矿化蚀变信息提取和异常查证结果为基础,结合地质、物化探成果资料的全面分析,在现代成矿理论的指导下,分别建立了铜、铅、锌、铁和金等典型矿区的遥感找矿标志和找矿模式,依据不同的成矿地质背景、成矿环境和成矿条件,进行了研究区的遥感综合成矿预测,共圈定了19处成矿预测区,其中Ⅰ级预测区9处、Ⅱ级预测区6处、Ⅲ级预测区4处,为在研究区部署地质勘查工作提供了科学依据,指明了方向。
With the development of our natioanl economic and social construction, the more and more mineral resources will be needed, and the confict between supply and demand is becoming bigger and bigger. Looking for new mineral resource in the Daxingan mountain metallogenic of low degree of geological works to ensure the steady supply of mineral resources is an important way of maintaining the sustainable development of the national economic. Fully utilizing the advantage of remote sensing technique and rapid evaluating the exploration of mineral resources in this region is a very effective working method.
This article selected five major copper metal mining areas as the study area in Zhalute county seated in south-eastern of Inner Mongolia. In this article, ETM multi-spectral remote sensing data was used. Based on the full analysis of regional ore-forming geological conditions and distribution of mineral resources, this article applied several remote sensing information extraction technologies to extract alteration information related to the mental mineralization. Under the direction of modern mineralization theory, it is conducted that the ore prospecting research. The major findings are as follows:
1. Based on statistical analysis of the characteristics of the value of ETM images, this article used a variety of remote sensing image processing technology and got the geological - geomorphological image of the research area; combining the remote sensing image characteristic analysis with the geological minerals material known in this area, the remote sensing image interpretation keys was formed. Based on the field geological investigation, it identified the confines of stratum, structure and rock, filled the remote sensing geological interpretation map ,and it also offered new informations to develop geological exploration.
2. On the basis of the full analysis of rock mineral spectrum characteristic and the ETM band performance, combined with the geological minerals material known in this area,the characteristic principal components analytic method, the ratio method, the image mask technology,the density separation method are used to bulid the remote sensing alteration information extraction model and to remove the interference information of vegetation,the altered information of relating to metal mineralized was separately extracted. Through the verification and analysis of the key location, we deeply understood the spatial distribution characteristics of remote sensing altered information and it internal relations with the mineral. Many newly discovered limonite and silicides are found; it provides a favorable basis for the ore prospecting research.
3. Through the survey of the known mineral deposit, it is considered that metal mineral areas are mainly focus on Tuqan - North-East Tianshan metallogenic belt and Huanggang - Kanjur Temple - NE Wulanhaote metallogenic belt. The mineralize focus area of Mengen, Budunhua and Huanghetu were subject to East-West fault control. The study area showed that the spatial pattern of distribution of the overall North-North East into a zone and space travel East-West raw with equal distance. The mainly kinds of mineral deposit are skarn, Hydrothermal vein-type and Porphyry. The mainly mine are Cu, Sn, Zn, Ag, Au and so on.
4. Based on the remote sensing geological interpretation, altered information extraction and the verification of the key location which combined with the geology and the analysis result of Geophysical-Geochemical,the remote sensing prospecting criteria and model of the diggings of Cu, Sn, Zn, Ag and Au are bulied under the direction of the modern mineralization theory. The research areas's mineralization prognostic were conducted according to the different geological setting, conditions and environment of ore-forming, a total of 19 forecast areas were delineaed , including 9 I level forecast area, 6 II level and 4 III level. It provided an important scientific basis for the deployment of geological exploration work and identicated its direction.
引文
[1]刘燕君.遥感找矿的原理和方法[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1991,3-7.
[2]凌娟.基于ETM的四川乡城—稻城—得荣地区斑岩型铜矿矿化信息提取与成矿预测[D].成都理工大学,2007.
[3]W.P.Loughlin.PrinciPal Component Analysis for Alteration Mapping.Presented at the Eighth Thematic Conference on Geologic Remote Sensing.Denvor,Cclorado,U.S.A.1991,April29-May2.
[4]Timothy M Kusky,Talaat M Ramdadan.Structural controls on Neoprotero zoic mine realization in the South Eastern Desert,Egypt:an integrated field,Landsat-TM,and SIR-C/X SAR approach[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2002,35;107-121.
[5]赵元洪等.波段比值的主成份复合在热液蚀变信息提取中的应用[J].国土资源遥感,1991,(3):12-17.
[6]何国金,胡德永.从TM图像中直接提取金矿化信息[J].遥感技术与应用,1995,10(3):51-54.
[7]马建文,张齐道.利用TM数据在多种环境因素干扰条件下填制蚀变岩方法[J].地质找矿论丛,1994,9(2):84-87.
[8]陈赶良,杨柏林,李彤.遥感探测微粒浸染型金矿蚀变信息的应用研究—以黔桂交界地区为例[J].地质地球化学,1996,(1):20-24.
[9]马建文.利用TM数据快速提取含矿蚀变带方法研究[J].遥感学报,1997,1(3):208-213.
[10]张远飞,吴健生.基于遥感图像提取矿化蚀变信息[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,1999,8(6):604-606.
[11]刘庆生.内蒙哈达门沟金矿区山前钾化带遥感信息提取[J].遥感技术与应用,1999,(3):7-11.
[12]王润生等.成像光谱方法技术开发应用研究,国土资源部“九五”重点科研项目报告,1999,2-6.
[13]刘素红,马建文,蔺启忠.通过Gram-Schmidt投影方法在高山区提取TM数据中含矿蚀变带信息[J].地质与勘探,2000,36(5):62-65.
[14]王晓鹏等.ETM图像数据中矿化蚀变信息的提取[J].地质与资源,2003,11(2):119-122.
[15]张玉君,杨建民,陈薇.ETM+(TM)蚀变遥感异常提取方法研究与应用[J].国土资源遥感,2002,54(4):30-37.
[16]张玉君,杨建民,陈薇.ETM+(TM)蚀变遥感异常提取方法研究与应用[J].国土资源遥感,2003,56(2):44-50.
[17]张宗贵,王润生,郭大海等.成像光谱岩矿识别方法技术研究和影响因素分析[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.
[18]王润生.遥感地质技术发展的战略思考[J].国土资源遥感,2008,75(1):1-12.
[19]黄荣辉等.遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003,166-208,457-477.
[20]张树文等.内蒙古突泉县闹牛山—扎鲁特旗巨里河铜多金属成矿条件及找矿地区优选研究.内蒙古有色地质勘查局,1996.
[21]内蒙古自治区地质矿产局.内蒙古自治区区域地质志,地质出版社,1998.
[22]耿文辉,姚金炎等.中国东部中生代次火山岩型铜银多金属矿床[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2006,25-35.
[23]刘建雄,王惠,李建利.内蒙古扎鲁特旗黄哈吐地区泥盆系大民山组的发现及其意义[J].华南地质与矿产,2006,(4):45-49.
[24]张乾,刘志浩等.内蒙古孟恩陶勒盖银铅锌铟矿床的微量元素地球化学[J].矿物学报,2004,24(1):39-47.
[25]朱笑青,张乾等.内蒙古孟恩陶勒盖银铅锌铟矿床成因研究[J].矿床地质,2004,23(1):52-60.
[26]高保平.内蒙古自治区区域航空磁测、重力测量异常的展布特征和地质解释及成矿远景预测[D],中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[27]郝俊峰.内蒙古东部黄合吐地区晚古生代地质体地质构造特征[D].中国地质大学(北京),2005.
[28]沈存利,苏宏伟,王守光.内蒙古铜矿床区域成矿特征初步研究[J].西北地质,2004,37(3):43-50.
[29]徐发,王永军,刘国庆,内蒙古扎鲁特旗香山铜铅锌矿区成矿地质条件分析及找矿潜力[J].矿产与地质,2004,18(102):148-151.
[30]耿文辉,姚金炎.内蒙古东部闹牛山铜矿成矿地质背景分析[J].矿产与地质,2004,18(103):240-244.
[31]徐发,孙家枢等.内蒙古扎鲁特旗哈德营子铜—银多金属矿成矿地质条件及地球化学异常特征分析[J].矿产与地质.2005,19(107):350-354.
[32]郝银全.内蒙古莲花山铜矿床地质地球化学特征及围岩蚀变研究[D].长春地质学院,1994.
[33]肖丙建.内蒙古自治区科右中旗布敦花铜矿床地质特征及成因[J].地质找矿 论丛,2008,23(1):27-31.
[34]马超飞,马建文等.应用多源数据提取高植被覆盖地区岩性信息—以湖南黔阳地区为例[J].地质科学,2002,37(3):365-371.
[35]甘甫平,王润生,郭小方.利用成像光谱遥感技术识别和提取矿化蚀变信息—以河北赤城—崇礼地区为例.[J].现代地质,2000,14(4):465-469.
[36]朱小鸽.多重主成分分析及在地质构造信息提取中的应用[J].遥感学报,2000,4(4):209-304.
[37]邹林,杨自安,朱谷昌等.多光谱遥感蚀变信息提取新方法研究[J].地质与勘探,2006,42(6):71-76.
[38]甘甫平,王润生,马蔼乃等.光谱遥感岩矿识别基础与技术研究进展[J].遥感技术与应用,2002,17(3):140-147.
[39]张建国.遥感多光谱成矿信息提取与成矿预测[D].中南大学,2005.
[40]钱乐祥.遥感数字影像处理与地理特征提取[M].北京:科学出版社,2005,182-188.
[41]周龙虎.遥感影像地学理解与分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2001,142-183.
[42]童庆禧等.中国典型地物波谱及其特征分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1990,593-632.
[43]张守林.基于ETM数据矿化蚀变信息定量提取方法研究[D].中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[44]严红萍,俞兵.主成分分析在遥感图像处理中的应用[J].资源环境与工程,2006,20(2):168-170.
[45]高景刚.哈密镜儿泉地区蚀变遥感异常信息提取及地质解释[D].长安大学,2004.
[46]张廷斌.西藏谢通门县铜金矿带遥感图像蚀变信息提取及多源数据融合在成矿预测中的应用[D].成都理工大学,2006.
[47]杨伟.西部高寒山区矿化蚀变信息提取与找矿预测[D].中南大学,2005.
[48]阎积慧等.TM图像地质应用原理与方法[M].北京:冶金工业部出版社,1995,15-30.
[49]石菲菲.青海阿尔金成矿带遥感成矿预测研究[D].中南大学,2007.
[50]姚佛军.荒漠戈壁区金属矿床波谱特征和蚀变遥感异常信息提取研究及在矿产资源评价中的应用[D].中国地质科学院,2006.
[51]吴德文,张远飞,朱谷昌.遥感图像岩石信息提取的最优密度分割方法[J].国土资源遥感,2002,(4),51-54.
[52]成功.广西元宝山地区遥感图像处理与找矿研究[D].中南大学,2002.
[53]荆凤.内蒙古大兴安岭南段多金属成矿带遥感多源信息综合研究[D].中国地质大学(北京),2005.
[54]赵一鸣,张德全等.大兴安岭及其邻区铜多金属矿床成矿规律与远景评价[M].北京:地震出版社,1997.
[55]前十家子幅、万宝镇幅区域地质调查说明书1∶50000.内蒙古自治区地质矿产局,1992.
[56]都日布勒吉幅区域地质调查图幅说明书1∶50000.内蒙古自治区地质调查院,2004.
[57]苏新旭.三个不同覆盖度地区遥感矿化蚀变提取方法对比研究[D].中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[58]刘培文.西准格尔金矿遥感信息提取及成矿预测[D].中南大学,2004.
[59]刘成.中等植被覆盖区遥感地质信息的提取及多源信息综合成矿预测方法研究[D].东北大学,2003.
[60]张峰.基于GIS的云南哀牢山成矿带南段金矿资源成矿预测研究[D].桂林工学院,2006.
[61]黄林日.辽西建平北部TM信息提取及成矿预测研究[D].吉林大学,2001.
[62]G.R.Hunt.Near-infrared(1.3-2.4μm) Spectra of Alternation Minearls-Potentical for Use in Remote Sensing.Geophysics,1979,4(1).
[63]Philip A.davis.Rock Discrimination in the complex Geologic Enviroment of Jabal Salma,Saudi Arafria,Using Landsat Thematio Mapper Data.PHDTDGRAMMETRIC ENGINEEkING AND RE-MATE SENSING,1989,55(8).
[64]Hardin P.J.,J.M.Shumway.Statistical Significance and Normalized Confusion Matrices.Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote sensing,1997,63(6):735-740.
[65]Jeff R.I-Iarris,Richard Marray.IHS Transform for the Integration of Radar Imagery with other Remotely Sensed Data.PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINERING AND REMOTE SENSING,1990,55(12).
[66]Taranik J.V..Application of Aerospace Remote Sensing Technology to Exploration for Precious Metal Deposits in the Western United States.Remote Sensing and Precious Metal Exploration,1988,551-576.
[67]Yang W N,Zhu Z S.Phase-separation analysis of remote sensing images,a new method for determining regional tectonic stress fields [A].Proceedings of the 30~(th) International Geological Congress[C].The Netherlands:VSP,International Science Publishers 1997,25:43-52.
[68]W.p.Loughl in.Principal Component Analysis for Alteration Mapping.Presented at the Eighth Conference on Geologic Remote sensing,1991,April 1.
[69]Helder,D.L.,B.K.Quirk,and J.J.Hood.A Technique for the Reduction Banding in Landsat Thematic Mapper Images.Photogram metric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1992,58(10).1245-1431.
[70]Gross,H.N.,and J.R.Schott.Application of Spectral Mixture Analysis and Image Fusion Techniques for Image Sharpening.Remote Sensing of Environment,1998,63(02):85-94.
[71]J.V.Taranik and Crosta.Hydrothermal Alteration Mapping at Bodie,California,Using AVIRIS Hyperspectral Data.Remote Sensing of Environment,1998,65(03):309-319.
[2]凌娟.基于ETM的四川乡城—稻城—得荣地区斑岩型铜矿矿化信息提取与成矿预测[D].成都理工大学,2007.
[3]W.P.Loughlin.PrinciPal Component Analysis for Alteration Mapping.Presented at the Eighth Thematic Conference on Geologic Remote Sensing.Denvor,Cclorado,U.S.A.1991,April29-May2.
[4]Timothy M Kusky,Talaat M Ramdadan.Structural controls on Neoprotero zoic mine realization in the South Eastern Desert,Egypt:an integrated field,Landsat-TM,and SIR-C/X SAR approach[J].Journal of African Earth Sciences,2002,35;107-121.
[5]赵元洪等.波段比值的主成份复合在热液蚀变信息提取中的应用[J].国土资源遥感,1991,(3):12-17.
[6]何国金,胡德永.从TM图像中直接提取金矿化信息[J].遥感技术与应用,1995,10(3):51-54.
[7]马建文,张齐道.利用TM数据在多种环境因素干扰条件下填制蚀变岩方法[J].地质找矿论丛,1994,9(2):84-87.
[8]陈赶良,杨柏林,李彤.遥感探测微粒浸染型金矿蚀变信息的应用研究—以黔桂交界地区为例[J].地质地球化学,1996,(1):20-24.
[9]马建文.利用TM数据快速提取含矿蚀变带方法研究[J].遥感学报,1997,1(3):208-213.
[10]张远飞,吴健生.基于遥感图像提取矿化蚀变信息[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,1999,8(6):604-606.
[11]刘庆生.内蒙哈达门沟金矿区山前钾化带遥感信息提取[J].遥感技术与应用,1999,(3):7-11.
[12]王润生等.成像光谱方法技术开发应用研究,国土资源部“九五”重点科研项目报告,1999,2-6.
[13]刘素红,马建文,蔺启忠.通过Gram-Schmidt投影方法在高山区提取TM数据中含矿蚀变带信息[J].地质与勘探,2000,36(5):62-65.
[14]王晓鹏等.ETM图像数据中矿化蚀变信息的提取[J].地质与资源,2003,11(2):119-122.
[15]张玉君,杨建民,陈薇.ETM+(TM)蚀变遥感异常提取方法研究与应用[J].国土资源遥感,2002,54(4):30-37.
[16]张玉君,杨建民,陈薇.ETM+(TM)蚀变遥感异常提取方法研究与应用[J].国土资源遥感,2003,56(2):44-50.
[17]张宗贵,王润生,郭大海等.成像光谱岩矿识别方法技术研究和影响因素分析[M].北京:地质出版社,2006.
[18]王润生.遥感地质技术发展的战略思考[J].国土资源遥感,2008,75(1):1-12.
[19]黄荣辉等.遥感应用分析原理与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2003,166-208,457-477.
[20]张树文等.内蒙古突泉县闹牛山—扎鲁特旗巨里河铜多金属成矿条件及找矿地区优选研究.内蒙古有色地质勘查局,1996.
[21]内蒙古自治区地质矿产局.内蒙古自治区区域地质志,地质出版社,1998.
[22]耿文辉,姚金炎等.中国东部中生代次火山岩型铜银多金属矿床[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2006,25-35.
[23]刘建雄,王惠,李建利.内蒙古扎鲁特旗黄哈吐地区泥盆系大民山组的发现及其意义[J].华南地质与矿产,2006,(4):45-49.
[24]张乾,刘志浩等.内蒙古孟恩陶勒盖银铅锌铟矿床的微量元素地球化学[J].矿物学报,2004,24(1):39-47.
[25]朱笑青,张乾等.内蒙古孟恩陶勒盖银铅锌铟矿床成因研究[J].矿床地质,2004,23(1):52-60.
[26]高保平.内蒙古自治区区域航空磁测、重力测量异常的展布特征和地质解释及成矿远景预测[D],中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[27]郝俊峰.内蒙古东部黄合吐地区晚古生代地质体地质构造特征[D].中国地质大学(北京),2005.
[28]沈存利,苏宏伟,王守光.内蒙古铜矿床区域成矿特征初步研究[J].西北地质,2004,37(3):43-50.
[29]徐发,王永军,刘国庆,内蒙古扎鲁特旗香山铜铅锌矿区成矿地质条件分析及找矿潜力[J].矿产与地质,2004,18(102):148-151.
[30]耿文辉,姚金炎.内蒙古东部闹牛山铜矿成矿地质背景分析[J].矿产与地质,2004,18(103):240-244.
[31]徐发,孙家枢等.内蒙古扎鲁特旗哈德营子铜—银多金属矿成矿地质条件及地球化学异常特征分析[J].矿产与地质.2005,19(107):350-354.
[32]郝银全.内蒙古莲花山铜矿床地质地球化学特征及围岩蚀变研究[D].长春地质学院,1994.
[33]肖丙建.内蒙古自治区科右中旗布敦花铜矿床地质特征及成因[J].地质找矿 论丛,2008,23(1):27-31.
[34]马超飞,马建文等.应用多源数据提取高植被覆盖地区岩性信息—以湖南黔阳地区为例[J].地质科学,2002,37(3):365-371.
[35]甘甫平,王润生,郭小方.利用成像光谱遥感技术识别和提取矿化蚀变信息—以河北赤城—崇礼地区为例.[J].现代地质,2000,14(4):465-469.
[36]朱小鸽.多重主成分分析及在地质构造信息提取中的应用[J].遥感学报,2000,4(4):209-304.
[37]邹林,杨自安,朱谷昌等.多光谱遥感蚀变信息提取新方法研究[J].地质与勘探,2006,42(6):71-76.
[38]甘甫平,王润生,马蔼乃等.光谱遥感岩矿识别基础与技术研究进展[J].遥感技术与应用,2002,17(3):140-147.
[39]张建国.遥感多光谱成矿信息提取与成矿预测[D].中南大学,2005.
[40]钱乐祥.遥感数字影像处理与地理特征提取[M].北京:科学出版社,2005,182-188.
[41]周龙虎.遥感影像地学理解与分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2001,142-183.
[42]童庆禧等.中国典型地物波谱及其特征分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1990,593-632.
[43]张守林.基于ETM数据矿化蚀变信息定量提取方法研究[D].中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[44]严红萍,俞兵.主成分分析在遥感图像处理中的应用[J].资源环境与工程,2006,20(2):168-170.
[45]高景刚.哈密镜儿泉地区蚀变遥感异常信息提取及地质解释[D].长安大学,2004.
[46]张廷斌.西藏谢通门县铜金矿带遥感图像蚀变信息提取及多源数据融合在成矿预测中的应用[D].成都理工大学,2006.
[47]杨伟.西部高寒山区矿化蚀变信息提取与找矿预测[D].中南大学,2005.
[48]阎积慧等.TM图像地质应用原理与方法[M].北京:冶金工业部出版社,1995,15-30.
[49]石菲菲.青海阿尔金成矿带遥感成矿预测研究[D].中南大学,2007.
[50]姚佛军.荒漠戈壁区金属矿床波谱特征和蚀变遥感异常信息提取研究及在矿产资源评价中的应用[D].中国地质科学院,2006.
[51]吴德文,张远飞,朱谷昌.遥感图像岩石信息提取的最优密度分割方法[J].国土资源遥感,2002,(4),51-54.
[52]成功.广西元宝山地区遥感图像处理与找矿研究[D].中南大学,2002.
[53]荆凤.内蒙古大兴安岭南段多金属成矿带遥感多源信息综合研究[D].中国地质大学(北京),2005.
[54]赵一鸣,张德全等.大兴安岭及其邻区铜多金属矿床成矿规律与远景评价[M].北京:地震出版社,1997.
[55]前十家子幅、万宝镇幅区域地质调查说明书1∶50000.内蒙古自治区地质矿产局,1992.
[56]都日布勒吉幅区域地质调查图幅说明书1∶50000.内蒙古自治区地质调查院,2004.
[57]苏新旭.三个不同覆盖度地区遥感矿化蚀变提取方法对比研究[D].中国地质大学(北京),2006.
[58]刘培文.西准格尔金矿遥感信息提取及成矿预测[D].中南大学,2004.
[59]刘成.中等植被覆盖区遥感地质信息的提取及多源信息综合成矿预测方法研究[D].东北大学,2003.
[60]张峰.基于GIS的云南哀牢山成矿带南段金矿资源成矿预测研究[D].桂林工学院,2006.
[61]黄林日.辽西建平北部TM信息提取及成矿预测研究[D].吉林大学,2001.
[62]G.R.Hunt.Near-infrared(1.3-2.4μm) Spectra of Alternation Minearls-Potentical for Use in Remote Sensing.Geophysics,1979,4(1).
[63]Philip A.davis.Rock Discrimination in the complex Geologic Enviroment of Jabal Salma,Saudi Arafria,Using Landsat Thematio Mapper Data.PHDTDGRAMMETRIC ENGINEEkING AND RE-MATE SENSING,1989,55(8).
[64]Hardin P.J.,J.M.Shumway.Statistical Significance and Normalized Confusion Matrices.Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote sensing,1997,63(6):735-740.
[65]Jeff R.I-Iarris,Richard Marray.IHS Transform for the Integration of Radar Imagery with other Remotely Sensed Data.PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ENGINERING AND REMOTE SENSING,1990,55(12).
[66]Taranik J.V..Application of Aerospace Remote Sensing Technology to Exploration for Precious Metal Deposits in the Western United States.Remote Sensing and Precious Metal Exploration,1988,551-576.
[67]Yang W N,Zhu Z S.Phase-separation analysis of remote sensing images,a new method for determining regional tectonic stress fields [A].Proceedings of the 30~(th) International Geological Congress[C].The Netherlands:VSP,International Science Publishers 1997,25:43-52.
[68]W.p.Loughl in.Principal Component Analysis for Alteration Mapping.Presented at the Eighth Conference on Geologic Remote sensing,1991,April 1.
[69]Helder,D.L.,B.K.Quirk,and J.J.Hood.A Technique for the Reduction Banding in Landsat Thematic Mapper Images.Photogram metric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1992,58(10).1245-1431.
[70]Gross,H.N.,and J.R.Schott.Application of Spectral Mixture Analysis and Image Fusion Techniques for Image Sharpening.Remote Sensing of Environment,1998,63(02):85-94.
[71]J.V.Taranik and Crosta.Hydrothermal Alteration Mapping at Bodie,California,Using AVIRIS Hyperspectral Data.Remote Sensing of Environment,1998,65(03):309-319.