山西野生草本植物蚜虫种类资源调查与研究
摘要
本论文在参阅了大量的文献资料的基础上，系统综述了蚜虫分类学、生物学的概况，从蚜虫与寄主的关系、蚜虫防治、蚜虫区系研究出发，探讨了研究山西野生草本植物上蚜虫种类的意义。并主要采用比较形态学的研究方法，对采自于山西省各地、尤晋中、晋南、晋东南、吕梁地区以及忻州等地区野生草本植物上的蚜虫，共计136个采样进行了显微鉴定。现已定名3科24属44个种，其中包括1个国内新记录属、11个国内新记录种、2个新亚种，即新记录属Nasonovia Mordvilko；新记录种夏蚜却Aphis(Aphis) sumire Moritsu,1949、堇菜蚜Aphis(Aphis) violae Schouteden,1900、Aphis proffti(Bōrner，1942)、Myzus(Myzus)cerasi(Fabticius，1775)、Myzus(Myzus)borealis Ossiannilsson,1959、Myzus (Myzus) padellus Hille Ris Lambers & Rogerson,1946、Myzus (Nectarosiphon) ascalonicus Doncaster,1946、Aulacorthum (Aulacorthum) speyeri Bōrner,1939、Cavariella archangelicae(Scopoli,1763)、Cavariella intermedia Hillwe Ris Lambers,1969、Nasonovia(Kakimia) saxifragae(Doncaster & Stroyan,1952)；新亚种Apphis fabae ssp．n．、Macrosiphum clematifoliae shansiensis，ssp．n．。本丈对已定名的蚜虫种类进行了系统整理和描述；给出山西省野生草本植物蚜虫种类检索表；并为新分类单元绘制出形态图。
On the basis of reading a great deal of reference papers, I summarized the development status on Aphids Taxonomy and Biology, and discussed the meaning of studying aphid-variety on wild herbage in shanxi.By adopting the method of Compare-Morphology, I identified the 136 species which were collected in Jinzhong, Jinnan, Jindongnan, Lvliang and Xinzhou area.About 44 species belonged to 24 genuses of 3 families were named, including 1 new record Genus, 11 new records , 2 new subspecies.They were: Nasonovia Mordvilko ; Aphis (Aphis) sumire Moritsu,1949 Aphis (Aphis) violae Schouteden,1900 Aphis proffti (Borner, 1942) , Myzus (Myzus) cerasi (Fabticius,1775) Myzus (Myzus) borealis Ossiannilsson, 1 959, Myzus (Myzus) padellus Hille Ris Lambers & Rogerson, 1946 , Myzus (Nectarosiphon) ascalonicus Doncaster, 1946 . Aulacorthum (Aulacorthum) speyeri B6rner,1939 Cavariella archangelicae (Scopoli,1763), Cavariella intermedia Hillwe Ris Lambers, 1969, Nasonovia (Kakimia) saxifragae (Doncaster & Stroyan, 1952); Aphis fabae ssp.n Macrosiphum clematifoliae shansiensis ,ssp.n. I particularly described the species and provided the key to aphids on herbage in Shanxi ,also portrayed the new taxonomic units .
On the basis of reading a great deal of reference papers, I summarized the development status on Aphids Taxonomy and Biology, and discussed the meaning of studying aphid-variety on wild herbage in shanxi.By adopting the method of Compare-Morphology, I identified the 136 species which were collected in Jinzhong, Jinnan, Jindongnan, Lvliang and Xinzhou area.About 44 species belonged to 24 genuses of 3 families were named, including 1 new record Genus, 11 new records , 2 new subspecies.They were: Nasonovia Mordvilko ; Aphis (Aphis) sumire Moritsu,1949 Aphis (Aphis) violae Schouteden,1900 Aphis proffti (Borner, 1942) , Myzus (Myzus) cerasi (Fabticius,1775) Myzus (Myzus) borealis Ossiannilsson, 1 959, Myzus (Myzus) padellus Hille Ris Lambers & Rogerson, 1946 , Myzus (Nectarosiphon) ascalonicus Doncaster, 1946 . Aulacorthum (Aulacorthum) speyeri B6rner,1939 Cavariella archangelicae (Scopoli,1763), Cavariella intermedia Hillwe Ris Lambers, 1969, Nasonovia (Kakimia) saxifragae (Doncaster & Stroyan, 1952); Aphis fabae ssp.n Macrosiphum clematifoliae shansiensis ,ssp.n. I particularly described the species and provided the key to aphids on herbage in Shanxi ,also portrayed the new taxonomic units .
引文
1．陈世骧．1977．进化论与分类学．昆虫学报．20：359～381
2．胡永桢．1979．昆明主要蚜虫的分类鉴定(一)、(二)．云南农业科技．41(5)：(6)
3．李友莲．1993．山西蚜虫．北京：农业出版社．
4．谭贵忠．1983．黑龙江蚜总科名录．东北农学院学报．(2)：14～12
5．陶家驹．1964．中国蚜虫志．台湾省立博物馆科学年刊．7：36～74
6．陶家驹．1965．中国蚜虫志．台湾省立博物馆科学年刊．8：1～28
7．陶家驹．1990．台湾省蚜虫志．台湾：台湾省立博物馆出版．1～327
8．吴燕如．1992．中国昆虫分类学研究进展．昆虫知识．29(3)．139～142
9．薛增召、袁锋．1992．世界蚜虫分类研究进展．昆虫分类学报．14(2)：153～157
10．袁峰、薛增召、戴小枫．1990．陕西省蚜总科(Aphidoudea)名录．陕西农业科学4：23～26
11．袁峰、薛增召．1992．蚜科-新属-新种记述．昆虫分类学报．14(4)：269～271
12．张广学、钟铁森．1980．中国长管蚜亚科新种及新亚种记述(Ⅰ)．昆虫分类学报．2(1)：53～64
13．张广学、钟铁森．1984．中国蚜科新种记录1．动物分类学报．9：374
14．张广学、钟铁森．1987．云南森林昆虫(蚜虫部分)．昆明：云南科学技术出版社．666～457
15．张广学、钟铁森．1988．同翅目：蚜总科．见：中同科学院登山科学考察队主编．西藏南迦巴瓦峰地区昆虫．北京：科学出版社．167～171
16．张广学、钟铁森．1990．东北斑蚜科及蚜科新种及新纪录．昆虫学报．33(1)：84～88
17．张广学、田士波、钟铁森．1990．中国蚜总科38种新纪录．动物学集刊．7：325～331
18．张广学、钟铁森、张万玉、王问学．1992．瘿绵蚜科、群蚜科、斑蚜科、短痣蚜科、大蚜科及蚜科．见：湖南省林业厅编．湖南森林昆虫图鉴．长沙：湖南科学技术出版社．137～175
19．张广学、钟铁森、张万玉．1993．同翅目：蚜总科．见：黄春梅主编．龙栖山动物．第一版．北京：中国林业出版社．199～204
20．张广学、乔格侠．1994．蚜虫细胞分类学研究概况．昆虫学研究．1：201～207
21．张广学主编．1999．西北农林蚜虫志 昆虫纲 同翅目 蚜虫类．第一版．北京：中国环境科学出版社．1～563
22．郑乐怡．1987．动物分类原理与方法．高等教育出版社
23．中国科学院植物研究所．1996．新编拉汉英植物名称．第一版．北京：航空工业出版社．1～1166
24．中国科学院植物研究所．1972．中国高等植物图鉴．北京：科学出版社．
25．朱弘复．1957．蚜虫概论．科学出版社
26．朱弘复、张广学、钟铁森．1975．蚜虫的数值分类．昆虫学报．刊18(2)：211～215
27．朱弘复．1987．动物分类学理论基础．上海：上海科学技术出版社．1～185
28．B．A．马蒙托娃．张广学译．1959．乌克兰的蚜虫．北京：科学出版社．
29．H．F．范埃姆登．陆进生译．1982．蚜虫研究技术．北京：科学出版社．
30. Berlocher S. H. 1984. Insect molecular systematics. Ann. Rev. Entom. 29: 403～433
31. Blackman R. L. & Eastop V. E 1983. Aphids on the Wold's crops. 1～466
32. Blackman R. L. & Eastop V. F. 1984. Aphids on the world's crops: An identification and information guide. Chichester. U. K. Wiley
33. Bodeneimer F. S. & Swirski E. 1957. The Aphidoidea of the Middle East. The Weizmann Science Press of Israel, Jerusalem. 1～378
34. Brown M.D. 1988. Caryotype variation in the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) species complex (Homoptera: Aphididae) in relation to host—plant and morphology. Bull. Entom. Res. 78:351～363
35. Chakrabati S. &Maity S. P. 1988. Aphids of North West India. Entom. (India). 3: 265～267
36. Cottier W. 1952. Aphids of New Zealand. Bull. N. Dep. Scient. Ind des. 106: 1～382
37. Dixon A. G. 1985. Aphid Ecology. Blakie & Son Ltd Publication. Blakie.
38. Eastop V. F. 1954. A new aphid from Nigeria, The Entomologist, 87:21～24
39. Eastop V. F. & van Emden H. F. 1972. Aphid Technology. Academic Press, London and New York. 355
40. Eastop V. F. & Hille Ris Lambers D. 1976. Survey of the World's Aphids. The Haguc, 1～573
41. Eastop V. F. 1977. Worldwide Importance of Aphids as Virus Vectors. 3～62, in Kerry F. H. & K. Marrmorosch Edited, Aphids as Virus Vectors, Academic Press Rapid Manuscrept Reprodution, 1～559
42. Ferguson A. 1980. Biochemical systematics and evolution. John Wiley and Sons Inc. New York.
43. Ge Xia Qiao & Guang Xue Zhang 2000. A taxonomic review of the genus Delphiniobium mordnildo (Homoptera: Aphididae) in China. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 102(4): 892～900
44. Ghosh L. K. 1990. A taxonomic review of the genus Aphis L. in India (Homptera: Aphididae). Mem. Zool. Surv. India, 17(3): 1～159
45. Heie O. E. 1980.The Aphidoidea of Feennoscandia and Denmark, Ⅰ. Fanuna Ent. Scand, 9: 1～236
46. Heie O. E. 1982. The Aphidpidea of Feennoscandia and Denmark, Ⅱ. Fanuna Ent. Scand, 11: 1～176
47. Heie O. E. 1986,. The Aphidoidea of Feennoscandia and Denmark, Ⅱ. Ⅰ. Fauna Ent. Scand. Vol. 17, 1～314
48. Heie O. E. 1992. The Aphidoidea of Feennoscandia and Denmark, Ⅳ. Fauna Ent. Scand, 25: 1～189
49. Hille Ris Lambers D. 1950. Host plants and aphid classification. Int. Congr. Entomol. Proc, 8: 141～144
50. Hille Ris Lambers D. 1950. Host plant and aphid classification. Int. Congr. Entomol. Proc., 8: 141～144
51. Hille Ris Lambers D. 1966. New and little known aphids from Pakistan (Homptra, Aphididae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. 109(8): 193～220
52. Hodjay S. H. 1998. A list of aphida and their host plants in Iran. Shahid-Chamran University Printing &Publication Center, 1～148
53. Holman J. 1966. Contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Aphis (Homoptera, Aphididae)- Ⅰ, Ⅱ. Acta Ent.bohenosiovaca, 63: 40～61, 91～110
54. K. E Harris et al. 1977. Aphids as virus vectors. Academic Press. New York.
55. Miyazaki M. 1971. A revision of the tribe Macrosiphini of Japan (Homoptera: Aphididae, Aaphididae). Insecta Matsumurana, 1～247
56. Paik W. M. 1965. Aphids of Korea Seoul Mational University. 1～160
57. Puterka G. J. et al. 1992. Biotypic variation in a word collection of Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae). Jourl. Econom. Entomo. 5(4): 1498～1506
58. Raychaudhuri R N. Aphids of North-east India and Bhutan. 1980. 1～521
2．胡永桢．1979．昆明主要蚜虫的分类鉴定(一)、(二)．云南农业科技．41(5)：(6)
3．李友莲．1993．山西蚜虫．北京：农业出版社．
4．谭贵忠．1983．黑龙江蚜总科名录．东北农学院学报．(2)：14～12
5．陶家驹．1964．中国蚜虫志．台湾省立博物馆科学年刊．7：36～74
6．陶家驹．1965．中国蚜虫志．台湾省立博物馆科学年刊．8：1～28
7．陶家驹．1990．台湾省蚜虫志．台湾：台湾省立博物馆出版．1～327
8．吴燕如．1992．中国昆虫分类学研究进展．昆虫知识．29(3)．139～142
9．薛增召、袁锋．1992．世界蚜虫分类研究进展．昆虫分类学报．14(2)：153～157
10．袁峰、薛增召、戴小枫．1990．陕西省蚜总科(Aphidoudea)名录．陕西农业科学4：23～26
11．袁峰、薛增召．1992．蚜科-新属-新种记述．昆虫分类学报．14(4)：269～271
12．张广学、钟铁森．1980．中国长管蚜亚科新种及新亚种记述(Ⅰ)．昆虫分类学报．2(1)：53～64
13．张广学、钟铁森．1984．中国蚜科新种记录1．动物分类学报．9：374
14．张广学、钟铁森．1987．云南森林昆虫(蚜虫部分)．昆明：云南科学技术出版社．666～457
15．张广学、钟铁森．1988．同翅目：蚜总科．见：中同科学院登山科学考察队主编．西藏南迦巴瓦峰地区昆虫．北京：科学出版社．167～171
16．张广学、钟铁森．1990．东北斑蚜科及蚜科新种及新纪录．昆虫学报．33(1)：84～88
17．张广学、田士波、钟铁森．1990．中国蚜总科38种新纪录．动物学集刊．7：325～331
18．张广学、钟铁森、张万玉、王问学．1992．瘿绵蚜科、群蚜科、斑蚜科、短痣蚜科、大蚜科及蚜科．见：湖南省林业厅编．湖南森林昆虫图鉴．长沙：湖南科学技术出版社．137～175
19．张广学、钟铁森、张万玉．1993．同翅目：蚜总科．见：黄春梅主编．龙栖山动物．第一版．北京：中国林业出版社．199～204
20．张广学、乔格侠．1994．蚜虫细胞分类学研究概况．昆虫学研究．1：201～207
21．张广学主编．1999．西北农林蚜虫志 昆虫纲 同翅目 蚜虫类．第一版．北京：中国环境科学出版社．1～563
22．郑乐怡．1987．动物分类原理与方法．高等教育出版社
23．中国科学院植物研究所．1996．新编拉汉英植物名称．第一版．北京：航空工业出版社．1～1166
24．中国科学院植物研究所．1972．中国高等植物图鉴．北京：科学出版社．
25．朱弘复．1957．蚜虫概论．科学出版社
26．朱弘复、张广学、钟铁森．1975．蚜虫的数值分类．昆虫学报．刊18(2)：211～215
27．朱弘复．1987．动物分类学理论基础．上海：上海科学技术出版社．1～185
28．B．A．马蒙托娃．张广学译．1959．乌克兰的蚜虫．北京：科学出版社．
29．H．F．范埃姆登．陆进生译．1982．蚜虫研究技术．北京：科学出版社．
30. Berlocher S. H. 1984. Insect molecular systematics. Ann. Rev. Entom. 29: 403～433
31. Blackman R. L. & Eastop V. E 1983. Aphids on the Wold's crops. 1～466
32. Blackman R. L. & Eastop V. F. 1984. Aphids on the world's crops: An identification and information guide. Chichester. U. K. Wiley
33. Bodeneimer F. S. & Swirski E. 1957. The Aphidoidea of the Middle East. The Weizmann Science Press of Israel, Jerusalem. 1～378
34. Brown M.D. 1988. Caryotype variation in the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) species complex (Homoptera: Aphididae) in relation to host—plant and morphology. Bull. Entom. Res. 78:351～363
35. Chakrabati S. &Maity S. P. 1988. Aphids of North West India. Entom. (India). 3: 265～267
36. Cottier W. 1952. Aphids of New Zealand. Bull. N. Dep. Scient. Ind des. 106: 1～382
37. Dixon A. G. 1985. Aphid Ecology. Blakie & Son Ltd Publication. Blakie.
38. Eastop V. F. 1954. A new aphid from Nigeria, The Entomologist, 87:21～24
39. Eastop V. F. & van Emden H. F. 1972. Aphid Technology. Academic Press, London and New York. 355
40. Eastop V. F. & Hille Ris Lambers D. 1976. Survey of the World's Aphids. The Haguc, 1～573
41. Eastop V. F. 1977. Worldwide Importance of Aphids as Virus Vectors. 3～62, in Kerry F. H. & K. Marrmorosch Edited, Aphids as Virus Vectors, Academic Press Rapid Manuscrept Reprodution, 1～559
42. Ferguson A. 1980. Biochemical systematics and evolution. John Wiley and Sons Inc. New York.
43. Ge Xia Qiao & Guang Xue Zhang 2000. A taxonomic review of the genus Delphiniobium mordnildo (Homoptera: Aphididae) in China. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 102(4): 892～900
44. Ghosh L. K. 1990. A taxonomic review of the genus Aphis L. in India (Homptera: Aphididae). Mem. Zool. Surv. India, 17(3): 1～159
45. Heie O. E. 1980.The Aphidoidea of Feennoscandia and Denmark, Ⅰ. Fanuna Ent. Scand, 9: 1～236
46. Heie O. E. 1982. The Aphidpidea of Feennoscandia and Denmark, Ⅱ. Fanuna Ent. Scand, 11: 1～176
47. Heie O. E. 1986,. The Aphidoidea of Feennoscandia and Denmark, Ⅱ. Ⅰ. Fauna Ent. Scand. Vol. 17, 1～314
48. Heie O. E. 1992. The Aphidoidea of Feennoscandia and Denmark, Ⅳ. Fauna Ent. Scand, 25: 1～189
49. Hille Ris Lambers D. 1950. Host plants and aphid classification. Int. Congr. Entomol. Proc, 8: 141～144
50. Hille Ris Lambers D. 1950. Host plant and aphid classification. Int. Congr. Entomol. Proc., 8: 141～144
51. Hille Ris Lambers D. 1966. New and little known aphids from Pakistan (Homptra, Aphididae). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. 109(8): 193～220
52. Hodjay S. H. 1998. A list of aphida and their host plants in Iran. Shahid-Chamran University Printing &Publication Center, 1～148
53. Holman J. 1966. Contribution to the taxonomy of the genus Aphis (Homoptera, Aphididae)- Ⅰ, Ⅱ. Acta Ent.bohenosiovaca, 63: 40～61, 91～110
54. K. E Harris et al. 1977. Aphids as virus vectors. Academic Press. New York.
55. Miyazaki M. 1971. A revision of the tribe Macrosiphini of Japan (Homoptera: Aphididae, Aaphididae). Insecta Matsumurana, 1～247
56. Paik W. M. 1965. Aphids of Korea Seoul Mational University. 1～160
57. Puterka G. J. et al. 1992. Biotypic variation in a word collection of Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae). Jourl. Econom. Entomo. 5(4): 1498～1506
58. Raychaudhuri R N. Aphids of North-east India and Bhutan. 1980. 1～521