日粮不同赖氨酸水平对0-3周龄肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响
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摘要
本试验研究了日粮不同赖氨酸水平对0-3周龄雄性肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响，各组的基础日粮相同，由玉米、豆粕和玉米蛋白粉等组成，含代谢能12.18MJ/kg，粗蛋白21%，蛋氨酸0.46%，赖氨酸0.65%，试验日粮赖氨酸水平设六个处理水平，分别为0.65%、0.80%、0.95%、1.10%、1.25%和1.40%。将1日龄健康爱拔益加雄性肉仔鸡450只随机等分6个处理组，每个处理5个重复，每个重复15只鸡，饲喂至21日龄，试验末分别检测生产性能、屠宰性能、血清激素含量和血液生化指标。试验结果表明：不同赖氨酸水平对0-3周龄雄性肉仔鸡总采食量(TFI)、平均日增重(ADWG)、饲料转化效率(FCR%)、全净膛率(CYR%)、胸肌率(BMR%)、腹脂率(AFR%)、血清中的三碘甲腺原氨酸（T3）的浓度均有极显著(P﹤0.01)或显著（P﹤0.05）影响，类胰岛素生长引子(IGF-Ⅰ)浓度随着赖氨酸水平的提高，呈增加趋势；赖氨酸水平对0-3周龄雄性肉仔鸡血清尿酸（UA）、甘油三酯（TG）、极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）等的含量也有极显著(P﹤0.01)或显著（P﹤0.05）影响，随着日粮中赖氨酸水平的增加，UA、TG、VLDL含量先低后高，赖氨酸含量达到1.10%-1.25%时可以维持肉仔鸡正常快速生长和得到较好的胴体品质。
The effect of dietary lysine levels on performance and eviscerate quality were evaluated using six dietary treatments on 0-3 weeks broiler chickens. Diet based on corn, soybean meal, and corn protein powder was of equal ME (12.18MJ/kg), CP (21%), Met (0.46%), Lys (0.65%). Graded levels of Lysine (0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, and 0.75%) were added to basal diet. A total of 450 AA male broiler chickens were divided in five replicates of 15 birds per treatment. The performance and eviscerate quality were measured at the end of the experiment. The results show that the lysine levels significantly affect the feed intake, average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, eviscerate, breast muscle and abdominal fat in 0-3 weeks old broiler chickens (P﹤0.01 or P﹤0.05). As the lysine levels increase, the concentration of IGF-Ⅰ has the tendency of increasing. The lysine levels affect concentetions of UA, TG, VLDL, too. As the levels of lysine increase, the concentrations of serum UA, TG, VLDL have the tendency of changing from low to high at first. In conclusion, 1.10%-1.25% of diet lysine can maintain normal growth rate and good eviscerate quality in 0-3 week old broiler chickens.
The effect of dietary lysine levels on performance and eviscerate quality were evaluated using six dietary treatments on 0-3 weeks broiler chickens. Diet based on corn, soybean meal, and corn protein powder was of equal ME (12.18MJ/kg), CP (21%), Met (0.46%), Lys (0.65%). Graded levels of Lysine (0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, and 0.75%) were added to basal diet. A total of 450 AA male broiler chickens were divided in five replicates of 15 birds per treatment. The performance and eviscerate quality were measured at the end of the experiment. The results show that the lysine levels significantly affect the feed intake, average daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, eviscerate, breast muscle and abdominal fat in 0-3 weeks old broiler chickens (P﹤0.01 or P﹤0.05). As the lysine levels increase, the concentration of IGF-Ⅰ has the tendency of increasing. The lysine levels affect concentetions of UA, TG, VLDL, too. As the levels of lysine increase, the concentrations of serum UA, TG, VLDL have the tendency of changing from low to high at first. In conclusion, 1.10%-1.25% of diet lysine can maintain normal growth rate and good eviscerate quality in 0-3 week old broiler chickens.
引文
王和民.赖氨酸和精氨酸的营养需要特点。广东饲料，1998，4，12－14
Jensen,L.S.,1989.Sulfur amino acid requirement of broiler from 3-6 weeks of age. Poultry Science. 163-168.
Moran, E.T.and S.F.Bilgili，1990，processing losses，carcass yield quality and meat yields of broiler chickens receiving diets marginally deficient to adequate in lysine prior to marketing poult. Sci.69：702-710.
Hickling，D.and W.Guenter, 1990. Research note：comparison of weights for left and right.
Bilgili，S.F.，E.T.Moran，and N.Acar，1992. Strain-cross response of heavy male broilers to dietary Iysine in the finisher feed-Iive performance and furthen- processing yields.Poultry Science.71：850-858.
Acar，N.1991.Live performance and carcass yield of male broilers from two commercialstrain crosses receiving rations containing Iysine below and above the established requirement between six and eight weeks of age.poultry Science.70：2315- 2321
Leclercq，B，1998. Specific effects of lysine on broiler production：Comparision with threonine and valine.poultry Science.77：118-123.
Hussein，E.O.S.，and H.A.AI-Batshan。1999. performance composition of broilers under heat stress. 2 The effects of dietary lysine. Asian- Au.J.Anim.Sci.12(6)：923-931.
Ishibashi，T.1990.Amnio acid requirement of poultry.Japanese poultry Science.27：1-15.
杨凤主编.动物营养学.中国农业出版社，北京，1993。
许振英主编.动物营养进展.黑龙江科学技术出版社，1986。
石桥晃.家禽氨基酸需要量.日本家禽学会志，1990，27（1）：2-6。
Han，Y and D.H.Baker，1993.Effects of excess methionine or lysine for broilers fed a corn-soybean meal diet. Poultry Science.72：1070-1074.
Shutte，J.B.，and M.pack，1995. Sulfur amino acid requirement of broiler chicks from fourteen to thirty eight days of age.I.performance and carcass yield. Poultry Science74：480-493.
Fisher, C.，and T.R.Morris, 1970. The determination of methionine requirement of the laying pullet by a diet dilution technique. British poultry Science. 11：67-82.
Morris，T.T.，1987.Effeects of protein concentration on responses of dietary lysine
by chicks.British poultry Sciece. 28：185-195.
Mitchell，H.H.1950,In:Protein and amino acid requirements of mammals.P.L.A.A. Albomeseeed.New YorK：Academic Press.
Williams，H.H.，1954.Estimation of growth requirement for amino acids by assay of the carcass.Journal of Biology and Chemistry，208：277-285.
Baker, D. H., andT.K. Chung, 1992.ldeal protein for swine and poultry，Biokyowa Technical Review#4.16
Hardy et al 1999.Maintenance lysine requirement and efficiency of using lysine for accretion of whole-body lysine and protein in young chicks. Poultry Science 78：1412-1417.
Kita K, J Okumura. Protein synthesis in liver and breast muscle of chichens fed a high protein diet[J]. Br Poult Sci, 1993，34：553-558
Grisoni, M.L and G.Uzu，1991.Effect of dietary lysine level on lipogenes in briolers. Reproduction Nutrition
Shutte，J.B.，and M.pack，1995. Sulfur amino acid requirement of broiler chicks from fourteen to thirty eight days of age.I.performance and carcass yield. Poultry Science74：480-493.
Han，Y and D.H.Baker，1994.Digestible lysine requirement of male and female broiler chicks during the period three to six weeks posthatching. Poult Sci.73：1739-1745.
Tesseraud，S.，N.Maa，R.Peresson，and A.M.Chagneau，1996.Relative responses of protein turnover in three different skeletal muscles to dietary lysine deficiency in chicks. British poultry Science.37：641-650.
Mildner A M, Clarke S D. 1991. Porcine fatty acid synthase：cloning of a complementary DNA and suppression of expression by somatotropin and dietary protein.J Nutrition，121：900-907
Amnbode, F.O., 1984. Hepatic xomthinede hydrogenase and plasma uric acid in broiler chickens fed various amounts of dietary methionine, protein and energy.Journal of Agricultrural Science, Cambodia,103：497-502。
Ishibashi，T. and Y.Ohta，1999.recent in amino acid nutrition for efficient poultry production. Asian-Aus.J.Anim. Sci.12(8)：1171-1332.
Totsuka, K., K. Tatsumi, K. Koide, 1992. Time course of changes of plasma free amino acids concentration following dietary changes in laying hens. Japanese Poultry Science. 29：14-22
Austic，R.E.1986，Biochemical description of nutrition effects.p59-79，in：Nutrition
requirements of poultry and nutritional research.C.Fisher and K.N，Boorman，Eds，London Butterworth.
Baker，D，H, 1986.Animal health and nutrition March, 28-29,32.
Hill，F.M. and L.M.Dansky, 1950.Studies of the protein requirement of chicks and its relation to dietary energy level.poultry Science.29：763.
霍启光.肉仔鸡能量营养需要的研究（第一报）：肉仔鸡不同能量浓度日粮采食量调节能力的测定.北京农学院报，1987，1：46-53。
Lewis，E.E.，1951.Studies on the nature of the nutritional deficiencies of wheat gluten meal.J.Nutr. 43：113-130.
Barbour ，G， 1993. Lysine requirement of broiler chicks affected by protein source and method of statistical evaluation. British Poultry Science. 34：747-756.
Uneo, K., 1998 Research of arginine and lysine requirements of broilers. Ph.D. Dissertation. Niigata University.
王纪亭等.肉鸡日粮中赖氨酸与精氨酸适宜比例的研究.畜牧兽医学报，1999，30（3），217-224
Dale，D.M.and H.L.Fuller，1980，Effect of diet composition on feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress, PouLtry Science，59：1434-1441.
Teeter，R.G.et al.，1985，Chronic heat stress and respiratory alkalosis occurrence and treatment in broiler chicks，Poultry Science，64：1060-1064.
Leesson，L. 1986.Nutrition consideration of poultry during heat stress. World poultry science Journal. 42：69-81.
Kubena，L.F.etal，1972，Body composition of chicksas influenced by enuirromental temperature and selected dietary factora，Poultry Science，51：511-522.
Kubena，L.F.etal，1974，Factors influencing the quantity of abdominal fatin broilers，Poultry Science，53：211-214.
Howlider，M.S.R.and S.P.Rose，1987，Temperature and the growth of broilers，World poultry Sciene Journal，43：228-237.
Moran，E.T.，Jr.，T.D.Bushong, and S.F.Bilgili，1992.Reducing dietary crude protein for broilers while satisfying amino acid requirements by least-cost formulation: Live performance, litter composition, and yield of fast-food carcass cuts at six weeks. Poultry Science.71：1687-1694.
Bartov, I.and l. plavnik, 1998. Moderate excess of dietary protein incre
杨宁主编.现代养鸡生产.北京农业大学出版社，北京，1993。
Baker, D. H., and Y. Han, 1994. Ideal amino acid profile for broiler chicks during the first three weeks posthatching. Poultry Sci. 73：1441-1447
Carew，L.B，1961. Journal of Nutrition.74：185.
Sibbald，I.R.，and M.S.，Wolynetz.1986.Effects of dietary lysine and feed intake on energy utilization and tissue synthesis by broiler chicks.poultry Science.65：1，98-105.
scott，m.L.等著，1982周锍平 译，1989，鸡的营养，北京农业大学出版社，82
Miller，1962，yinzi引自候祥川主译，1980，现代营养学知识，人民卫生出版社Miller，1962，yinzi引自候祥川主译，1980，现代营养学知识，人民卫生出版社
罗兰等，1994，日粮赖氨酸、蛋氨酸水平对不同性别肉鸡生长性能的影响，中国畜牧杂志，30(2)：8-9
Lien，T.F.and D.F.Jan.1999.The effect on the lipid metabolism of tsaiya ducks when high levels of choline or methionine are added to the ducks diet.Asian-Aus.J.Anim. Sci.12(7)：1090-1095
Takahashi，K.,and Y.Akiba，1995.Effect of methionine supplementation on lipolysis in broiler chicks.Japa.poult.Sci.32：2，99-106.
陈金文，杨山等，1998，日粮能量和蛋白水平对肉鸡腹脂和血脂的影响，动物营养学报，10(1)：20-28。
Baker，D.H.et al.1982，The choline-methionine interrelationship for growth of chick，poultry Science，62：133-137。
Moss，F.P.1978.The relationship between the dimensions of the number of nuclei during normal growth of skeletal muscle in the domestic fow. Am.J.Anat.122：555-564.
Acar，N，E.T.Moran，and D.R.Mulvaney，1993.Breast muscle development of commercial broilers from hatching to twelve weeks of age poultry Science.73：317-325.
Summers，J.D.，S.Lesson and D.Spratt.，1988.Yields and composition of edible meat from male brolers as influenced by dietary protein level and amino acid supplementation. Canada Journal of Animal Science.68：241-248.
Cartwright, A.L.，H.L.Marks，&D.R.Campion，1985.Adipose tissue cellularity and growth characteristics of unselected and selected broilers：implications for the development of body fat. Poult. Sci.61：1021-1027.
Heimier，D.，1984.plasma lipoprotein profile in fasted and refed chickens of two lines selected for high or low adiposity. Journal of Nutrition. 114：1112-1121.
顾志良，赵万里，周勤宣.肉鸡脂肪沉积规律的研究.中国家禽，1993，1（24）：24-27。
Hood，R.1982.The cellular basis for the abdominal fat in broiler-type chickens. Poultry Science. 61：117-121.
Fisher, C.1984.fat description in broilers. Pages, 437-470In:Fats in Animal Nutrition.
J.D.Wiseman(Ed).Butterworth,London,England.Development.31(6)，683-690.
Rosebrough，R.W.，and N.C.Steele，1985.Energy and protein relations in the broiler chicken.2.Effect of varied protein and constant carbohydrate leveon body composition and lipid metabolism. Growth.49：4，479-489.
Jensen,L.S.,1989.Sulfur amino acid requirement of broiler from 3-6 weeks of age. Poultry Science. 163-168.
Moran, E.T.and S.F.Bilgili，1990，processing losses，carcass yield quality and meat yields of broiler chickens receiving diets marginally deficient to adequate in lysine prior to marketing poult. Sci.69：702-710.
Hickling，D.and W.Guenter, 1990. Research note：comparison of weights for left and right.
Bilgili，S.F.，E.T.Moran，and N.Acar，1992. Strain-cross response of heavy male broilers to dietary Iysine in the finisher feed-Iive performance and furthen- processing yields.Poultry Science.71：850-858.
Acar，N.1991.Live performance and carcass yield of male broilers from two commercialstrain crosses receiving rations containing Iysine below and above the established requirement between six and eight weeks of age.poultry Science.70：2315- 2321
Leclercq，B，1998. Specific effects of lysine on broiler production：Comparision with threonine and valine.poultry Science.77：118-123.
Hussein，E.O.S.，and H.A.AI-Batshan。1999. performance composition of broilers under heat stress. 2 The effects of dietary lysine. Asian- Au.J.Anim.Sci.12(6)：923-931.
Ishibashi，T.1990.Amnio acid requirement of poultry.Japanese poultry Science.27：1-15.
杨凤主编.动物营养学.中国农业出版社，北京，1993。
许振英主编.动物营养进展.黑龙江科学技术出版社，1986。
石桥晃.家禽氨基酸需要量.日本家禽学会志，1990，27（1）：2-6。
Han，Y and D.H.Baker，1993.Effects of excess methionine or lysine for broilers fed a corn-soybean meal diet. Poultry Science.72：1070-1074.
Shutte，J.B.，and M.pack，1995. Sulfur amino acid requirement of broiler chicks from fourteen to thirty eight days of age.I.performance and carcass yield. Poultry Science74：480-493.
Fisher, C.，and T.R.Morris, 1970. The determination of methionine requirement of the laying pullet by a diet dilution technique. British poultry Science. 11：67-82.
Morris，T.T.，1987.Effeects of protein concentration on responses of dietary lysine
by chicks.British poultry Sciece. 28：185-195.
Mitchell，H.H.1950,In:Protein and amino acid requirements of mammals.P.L.A.A. Albomeseeed.New YorK：Academic Press.
Williams，H.H.，1954.Estimation of growth requirement for amino acids by assay of the carcass.Journal of Biology and Chemistry，208：277-285.
Baker, D. H., andT.K. Chung, 1992.ldeal protein for swine and poultry，Biokyowa Technical Review#4.16
Hardy et al 1999.Maintenance lysine requirement and efficiency of using lysine for accretion of whole-body lysine and protein in young chicks. Poultry Science 78：1412-1417.
Kita K, J Okumura. Protein synthesis in liver and breast muscle of chichens fed a high protein diet[J]. Br Poult Sci, 1993，34：553-558
Grisoni, M.L and G.Uzu，1991.Effect of dietary lysine level on lipogenes in briolers. Reproduction Nutrition
Shutte，J.B.，and M.pack，1995. Sulfur amino acid requirement of broiler chicks from fourteen to thirty eight days of age.I.performance and carcass yield. Poultry Science74：480-493.
Han，Y and D.H.Baker，1994.Digestible lysine requirement of male and female broiler chicks during the period three to six weeks posthatching. Poult Sci.73：1739-1745.
Tesseraud，S.，N.Maa，R.Peresson，and A.M.Chagneau，1996.Relative responses of protein turnover in three different skeletal muscles to dietary lysine deficiency in chicks. British poultry Science.37：641-650.
Mildner A M, Clarke S D. 1991. Porcine fatty acid synthase：cloning of a complementary DNA and suppression of expression by somatotropin and dietary protein.J Nutrition，121：900-907
Amnbode, F.O., 1984. Hepatic xomthinede hydrogenase and plasma uric acid in broiler chickens fed various amounts of dietary methionine, protein and energy.Journal of Agricultrural Science, Cambodia,103：497-502。
Ishibashi，T. and Y.Ohta，1999.recent in amino acid nutrition for efficient poultry production. Asian-Aus.J.Anim. Sci.12(8)：1171-1332.
Totsuka, K., K. Tatsumi, K. Koide, 1992. Time course of changes of plasma free amino acids concentration following dietary changes in laying hens. Japanese Poultry Science. 29：14-22
Austic，R.E.1986，Biochemical description of nutrition effects.p59-79，in：Nutrition
requirements of poultry and nutritional research.C.Fisher and K.N，Boorman，Eds，London Butterworth.
Baker，D，H, 1986.Animal health and nutrition March, 28-29,32.
Hill，F.M. and L.M.Dansky, 1950.Studies of the protein requirement of chicks and its relation to dietary energy level.poultry Science.29：763.
霍启光.肉仔鸡能量营养需要的研究（第一报）：肉仔鸡不同能量浓度日粮采食量调节能力的测定.北京农学院报，1987，1：46-53。
Lewis，E.E.，1951.Studies on the nature of the nutritional deficiencies of wheat gluten meal.J.Nutr. 43：113-130.
Barbour ，G， 1993. Lysine requirement of broiler chicks affected by protein source and method of statistical evaluation. British Poultry Science. 34：747-756.
Uneo, K., 1998 Research of arginine and lysine requirements of broilers. Ph.D. Dissertation. Niigata University.
王纪亭等.肉鸡日粮中赖氨酸与精氨酸适宜比例的研究.畜牧兽医学报，1999，30（3），217-224
Dale，D.M.and H.L.Fuller，1980，Effect of diet composition on feed intake and growth of chicks under heat stress, PouLtry Science，59：1434-1441.
Teeter，R.G.et al.，1985，Chronic heat stress and respiratory alkalosis occurrence and treatment in broiler chicks，Poultry Science，64：1060-1064.
Leesson，L. 1986.Nutrition consideration of poultry during heat stress. World poultry science Journal. 42：69-81.
Kubena，L.F.etal，1972，Body composition of chicksas influenced by enuirromental temperature and selected dietary factora，Poultry Science，51：511-522.
Kubena，L.F.etal，1974，Factors influencing the quantity of abdominal fatin broilers，Poultry Science，53：211-214.
Howlider，M.S.R.and S.P.Rose，1987，Temperature and the growth of broilers，World poultry Sciene Journal，43：228-237.
Moran，E.T.，Jr.，T.D.Bushong, and S.F.Bilgili，1992.Reducing dietary crude protein for broilers while satisfying amino acid requirements by least-cost formulation: Live performance, litter composition, and yield of fast-food carcass cuts at six weeks. Poultry Science.71：1687-1694.
Bartov, I.and l. plavnik, 1998. Moderate excess of dietary protein incre
杨宁主编.现代养鸡生产.北京农业大学出版社，北京，1993。
Baker, D. H., and Y. Han, 1994. Ideal amino acid profile for broiler chicks during the first three weeks posthatching. Poultry Sci. 73：1441-1447
Carew，L.B，1961. Journal of Nutrition.74：185.
Sibbald，I.R.，and M.S.，Wolynetz.1986.Effects of dietary lysine and feed intake on energy utilization and tissue synthesis by broiler chicks.poultry Science.65：1，98-105.
scott，m.L.等著，1982周锍平 译，1989，鸡的营养，北京农业大学出版社，82
Miller，1962，yinzi引自候祥川主译，1980，现代营养学知识，人民卫生出版社Miller，1962，yinzi引自候祥川主译，1980，现代营养学知识，人民卫生出版社
罗兰等，1994，日粮赖氨酸、蛋氨酸水平对不同性别肉鸡生长性能的影响，中国畜牧杂志，30(2)：8-9
Lien，T.F.and D.F.Jan.1999.The effect on the lipid metabolism of tsaiya ducks when high levels of choline or methionine are added to the ducks diet.Asian-Aus.J.Anim. Sci.12(7)：1090-1095
Takahashi，K.,and Y.Akiba，1995.Effect of methionine supplementation on lipolysis in broiler chicks.Japa.poult.Sci.32：2，99-106.
陈金文，杨山等，1998，日粮能量和蛋白水平对肉鸡腹脂和血脂的影响，动物营养学报，10(1)：20-28。
Baker，D.H.et al.1982，The choline-methionine interrelationship for growth of chick，poultry Science，62：133-137。
Moss，F.P.1978.The relationship between the dimensions of the number of nuclei during normal growth of skeletal muscle in the domestic fow. Am.J.Anat.122：555-564.
Acar，N，E.T.Moran，and D.R.Mulvaney，1993.Breast muscle development of commercial broilers from hatching to twelve weeks of age poultry Science.73：317-325.
Summers，J.D.，S.Lesson and D.Spratt.，1988.Yields and composition of edible meat from male brolers as influenced by dietary protein level and amino acid supplementation. Canada Journal of Animal Science.68：241-248.
Cartwright, A.L.，H.L.Marks，&D.R.Campion，1985.Adipose tissue cellularity and growth characteristics of unselected and selected broilers：implications for the development of body fat. Poult. Sci.61：1021-1027.
Heimier，D.，1984.plasma lipoprotein profile in fasted and refed chickens of two lines selected for high or low adiposity. Journal of Nutrition. 114：1112-1121.
顾志良，赵万里，周勤宣.肉鸡脂肪沉积规律的研究.中国家禽，1993，1（24）：24-27。
Hood，R.1982.The cellular basis for the abdominal fat in broiler-type chickens. Poultry Science. 61：117-121.
Fisher, C.1984.fat description in broilers. Pages, 437-470In:Fats in Animal Nutrition.
J.D.Wiseman(Ed).Butterworth,London,England.Development.31(6)，683-690.
Rosebrough，R.W.，and N.C.Steele，1985.Energy and protein relations in the broiler chicken.2.Effect of varied protein and constant carbohydrate leveon body composition and lipid metabolism. Growth.49：4，479-489.