蛋用黑羽鹌鹑突变体的遗传机制及其种质特性的研究
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摘要
黑羽鹌鹑是我们从朝鲜栗羽鹌鹑中发现的一个新的羽色突变体,黑羽鹌鹑与黄羽鹌鹑和北京白羽鹌鹑杂交后,其后代可分离出多种羽色。为充分利用黑羽鹌鹑羽色遗传的特性,开发黑羽鹌鹑的遗传资源,本研究利用遗传学杂交试验法对鹌鹑的羽色遗传机制进行了分析,通过杂交、自交和回交等方法,对黑羽鹌鹑进行纯化,在此基础上我们从形态学、细胞学、DNA分子水平及生长发育和生产性能等方面对其种质特性进行了研究。本研究为培育黑羽鹌鹑羽色新品系、种质资源评价及自别雌雄配套系制种提供了科学的依据。
1.本研究通过杂交试验对黑羽鹌鹑突变体的遗传机制进行了分析验证。试验表明,控制黑羽性状的基因h位于常染色体上,相对于等位基因H为不完全隐性,该基因座与性染色体Z上的基因座B/b和Y/y具有一定的互作关系。黑羽鹌鹑与朝鲜鹌鹑(栗羽)、北京白羽鹌鹑和黄羽鹌鹑的基因型和表型关系如下:♂♀黑羽hhZYBZYB hhZYBW栗羽HHZYBZYB HHZYBW黄羽HHZyBZyB HHZyBW白羽HHZYbZYb HHZYbW
2.对黑羽鹌鹑外貌、生长发育、生产性能、繁殖性能及公鹑屠宰性能进行观察和测定。结果表明,蛋用黑羽鹌鹑羽色从出壳到成年与朝鲜鹌鹑、黄羽鹌鹑、白羽鹌鹑明显不同,尤其是出壳1周内黑羽特征明显。成年后其体型和羽色花纹与朝鲜鹌鹑相似,但羽色较朝鲜鹌鹑深。黑羽鹌鹑体重增长规律和产蛋性能与朝鲜鹌鹑、黄羽鹌鹑及北京白羽系基本相似。公母鹑10周龄体重分别为120.62±6.28g和151.25±16.36g,开产日龄为52.6±6.587d,一经开产周产蛋率都稳定在84.8%以上,平均蛋重为11.2±0.325g,种蛋受精率为77.4%,受精蛋孵化率为82.8%,公鹑屠宰率为93.47±5.11%。
3.通过骨髓法制备黑羽鹌鹑染色体核型,研究发现黑羽鹌鹑染色体核型与朝鲜鹌鹑和黄羽鹌鹑基本相同。
4.对黑羽鹌鹑9个微卫星座位的遗传多样性分析,共检出46个等位基因,平均等位基因数为5.111个。平均PIC为0.6204,平均杂合度为0.6952,平均有效等位基因数为3.5338,表明黑羽鹌鹑遗传多样性丰富。
The black feather quail was a new plumage color mutant that we discovered from Korea maroon quail, when black quail matching with yellow quail or Beijing white quail, a lot of feather colors were separated from their offsprings. In order to make full use of the black quail’s genetic characteristic of plumage color, developping genetic resources of black feather quail, the genetic mechanism of quails was analized by genetics cross test in the study, and black pure line of their genetic mechanism was bred by cross test, self-fertilization, backcross test. On the base of that, observations and analysises were carried out respectively from morphology, cytology, DNA molecular level, growth and production performance. The study provided scientific basis for the breeding new strains, the evaluation of Germplasm resourcesand autosexing hybridized combination.
1. The black feather quail was first discovered and the interaction of sex-linked gene for plumage color was analized and identified by cross test. It was proved that the plumage color gene h which control the black feather traits loci in the euchromosome, relative to allele H, is not completely recessive and the gene interact with B/b and Y/y loci in the Z-chromosome. The phenotype and genetype of black feather and North Korean quail(Maroon), White colour quail in beijing and Yellow quail.♂♀Black hhZYBZYB hhZYBW Maroon HHZYBZYB HHZYBW Yellow HHZyBZyB HHZyBW White HHZYbZYb HHZYbW
2. The appearance, growth and development, production performance, reproducti- ve performance and slaughter performance of male quail were observed and determin- ated. The results showed that the plumage color of the egg black feather quail from hatching to adult has significantly difference compared with the North Korean quails, yellow feather quail and white feather quail, in particular, the characteristics of the black feather from Hatching to 1 week were maked. when they are adult, their size and plumage color patterns are similar to the Korean quails, but its plumage color is deeper than North Korea. The rule of weight gain and production performance is almostly accord with North Korean quails, yellow feather quail and Beijing white feather quail. The weight of 10-week male and female quail were 120.62±6.28g and 151.25±16.36g. The age at first laying is 52.6±6.587d, after the beginning, the egg production rate of a week stabilized at 84.8%, the average weight of an egg was 11.2±0.325g, egg fertilization rate was 77.4%, fertilization egg hatching rate was 82.8%, male quail slaughter rate was 93.47±5.11%.
3. According to the Chromosomes karyotype made by bone marrow, the Chrom- osomes karyotype of black feather was basically the same with North Korean quails and yellow quails.
4. Through analysis of the genetic diversity of black feather quail’s nine microsat- ellite loci, the result shows that black feather quail in the nine microsatellite loci 46 al-leles were detected, the average number of alleles 5.111, The average PIC was 0.6204, the average heterozygosity was 0.6952, the average effective number of 3.5338 for the gene, black feather quail has rich genetic diversity and higher genetic potential, and we should strengthen breeding, make full use of their genetic resources and improve prod- uction performance, and at the same time, provides germplasm resources with genetic information from molecular.
1.本研究通过杂交试验对黑羽鹌鹑突变体的遗传机制进行了分析验证。试验表明,控制黑羽性状的基因h位于常染色体上,相对于等位基因H为不完全隐性,该基因座与性染色体Z上的基因座B/b和Y/y具有一定的互作关系。黑羽鹌鹑与朝鲜鹌鹑(栗羽)、北京白羽鹌鹑和黄羽鹌鹑的基因型和表型关系如下:♂♀黑羽hhZYBZYB hhZYBW栗羽HHZYBZYB HHZYBW黄羽HHZyBZyB HHZyBW白羽HHZYbZYb HHZYbW
2.对黑羽鹌鹑外貌、生长发育、生产性能、繁殖性能及公鹑屠宰性能进行观察和测定。结果表明,蛋用黑羽鹌鹑羽色从出壳到成年与朝鲜鹌鹑、黄羽鹌鹑、白羽鹌鹑明显不同,尤其是出壳1周内黑羽特征明显。成年后其体型和羽色花纹与朝鲜鹌鹑相似,但羽色较朝鲜鹌鹑深。黑羽鹌鹑体重增长规律和产蛋性能与朝鲜鹌鹑、黄羽鹌鹑及北京白羽系基本相似。公母鹑10周龄体重分别为120.62±6.28g和151.25±16.36g,开产日龄为52.6±6.587d,一经开产周产蛋率都稳定在84.8%以上,平均蛋重为11.2±0.325g,种蛋受精率为77.4%,受精蛋孵化率为82.8%,公鹑屠宰率为93.47±5.11%。
3.通过骨髓法制备黑羽鹌鹑染色体核型,研究发现黑羽鹌鹑染色体核型与朝鲜鹌鹑和黄羽鹌鹑基本相同。
4.对黑羽鹌鹑9个微卫星座位的遗传多样性分析,共检出46个等位基因,平均等位基因数为5.111个。平均PIC为0.6204,平均杂合度为0.6952,平均有效等位基因数为3.5338,表明黑羽鹌鹑遗传多样性丰富。
The black feather quail was a new plumage color mutant that we discovered from Korea maroon quail, when black quail matching with yellow quail or Beijing white quail, a lot of feather colors were separated from their offsprings. In order to make full use of the black quail’s genetic characteristic of plumage color, developping genetic resources of black feather quail, the genetic mechanism of quails was analized by genetics cross test in the study, and black pure line of their genetic mechanism was bred by cross test, self-fertilization, backcross test. On the base of that, observations and analysises were carried out respectively from morphology, cytology, DNA molecular level, growth and production performance. The study provided scientific basis for the breeding new strains, the evaluation of Germplasm resourcesand autosexing hybridized combination.
1. The black feather quail was first discovered and the interaction of sex-linked gene for plumage color was analized and identified by cross test. It was proved that the plumage color gene h which control the black feather traits loci in the euchromosome, relative to allele H, is not completely recessive and the gene interact with B/b and Y/y loci in the Z-chromosome. The phenotype and genetype of black feather and North Korean quail(Maroon), White colour quail in beijing and Yellow quail.♂♀Black hhZYBZYB hhZYBW Maroon HHZYBZYB HHZYBW Yellow HHZyBZyB HHZyBW White HHZYbZYb HHZYbW
2. The appearance, growth and development, production performance, reproducti- ve performance and slaughter performance of male quail were observed and determin- ated. The results showed that the plumage color of the egg black feather quail from hatching to adult has significantly difference compared with the North Korean quails, yellow feather quail and white feather quail, in particular, the characteristics of the black feather from Hatching to 1 week were maked. when they are adult, their size and plumage color patterns are similar to the Korean quails, but its plumage color is deeper than North Korea. The rule of weight gain and production performance is almostly accord with North Korean quails, yellow feather quail and Beijing white feather quail. The weight of 10-week male and female quail were 120.62±6.28g and 151.25±16.36g. The age at first laying is 52.6±6.587d, after the beginning, the egg production rate of a week stabilized at 84.8%, the average weight of an egg was 11.2±0.325g, egg fertilization rate was 77.4%, fertilization egg hatching rate was 82.8%, male quail slaughter rate was 93.47±5.11%.
3. According to the Chromosomes karyotype made by bone marrow, the Chrom- osomes karyotype of black feather was basically the same with North Korean quails and yellow quails.
4. Through analysis of the genetic diversity of black feather quail’s nine microsat- ellite loci, the result shows that black feather quail in the nine microsatellite loci 46 al-leles were detected, the average number of alleles 5.111, The average PIC was 0.6204, the average heterozygosity was 0.6952, the average effective number of 3.5338 for the gene, black feather quail has rich genetic diversity and higher genetic potential, and we should strengthen breeding, make full use of their genetic resources and improve prod- uction performance, and at the same time, provides germplasm resources with genetic information from molecular.
引文
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