镉的污染及分子筛对镉的吸附性能研究
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摘要
重金属镉污染物多来源于镉铅锌矿的开采、电镀、有色金属冶炼、纺织印染、用镉化合物作原料或触媒的工厂、军工生产排放的废水、磷矿石制取磷肥、玻璃、陶瓷、油漆、制药、化纤等工业排放的“三废”物质。
镉不是人体必需元素,在人体内的理想含量为零,是IA级致癌物。已发现我国部分地区地下水中镉含量严重超标,长期饮用这种含镉超标的水,会在人体内慢慢积蓄,积蓄到一定程度,就会发生病症,诸如骨痛病等病症,情况严重者还会引起肝脏病、肺癌、肾脏病等。
本论文以原子荧光光谱分析技术为检测手段,分析了汾河太原段镉的污染状况；并详细研究了分子筛对重金属镉的吸附条件和吸附性能,得到了最佳吸附条件,应用于模拟废水处理,效果满意。主要研究内容概括如下：
(1)以汾河太原段的水样和沉积物为研究对象,测定了其中镉的含量,用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物中镉的污染进行了生态风险评价。
(2)考察了不同吸附剂对重金属镉离子的吸附性能,结果发现在处理高浓度的含Cd2+水样时,13X分子筛对镉离子的吸附性能要明显优于其它吸附剂。论文确定以13X分子筛为研究对象,进一步考察了吸附平衡时间、pH、温度、分子筛用量、干扰离子、浓度等因素对其吸附镉离子的影响。
(3)用13X分子筛处理实验室模拟的含镉废水,结果表明：13X分子筛能有效处理低浓度的含Cd2+水样。在Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+重金属离子存在的条件下,对Cd2+吸附效果影响较小。通过洗脱的方法考察了13X分子筛的解析再生性能；初步探讨了13X分子筛对镉的吸附机理。
The cadmium pollution oringin from minning, electroplating, smelting of non-ferrous metal,texting printing and dyeing, the factory of using raw materials or catalyst, the discharge of military production, phosphate fertilizer of preparating phosphate rock, glass, ceramics, paint, pharmacy, fiber.
Cadmium is not essential element of the body, the ideal content in the body is zero.It is the IA-leval carcinogen.The content of cadmium in groundwater in china some areas exceeds standard content. People drink chronically the water containing cadmium. Cadmium in the body is accumulated. The latency of disease extend as long as decades.Savings to a certain extent, disease occurs,such as pain patients,liver disease, kidney disease.
In this paper, by the means of atomic fluorescence spectrometry, adsorption capability of 13X molecular sieve adsorbent for heavy metal cadmium ion was systematically researched. The factors affecting cadmium adsorption conditionsand adsorption property was investigated.The main contents are concluded as follows:
(1).The heavy metal cadmium of water and sediment samples in fenhe of Taiyuan from upstream to downstream was determinated.The potential ecological risk assessment of cadmium in the sediment was studied.
(2) In this thesis, by comparison of the adsorption capacity of several different adsorbents, it has been found that the 13X mocular zeolite has the higher adsorption capacity than other absorbents.So the 13X mocular zeolite was used as the adsorbent for the further study.The impact factors of cadmium ion adsorption was furtherly investigated.The adsorption equilibrium time, pH, temperature, amount of molecular sieve, interfering ions and other factors on 13X molecular sieve adsorption of cadmium ions were studied.
(3)The laboratory simulated wastewater was treated by 13X molecular sieve. The results show that the effection of 13X molecular sieve dealing with low concentrations of cadmium is very good.Existing conditions of Zn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, the adsorption of cadmium is not basically effected.The regeneration performance is investigated by eluting 13X molecular. The adsorption mechanism of 13X molecular sieve was preliminary investigated.
镉不是人体必需元素,在人体内的理想含量为零,是IA级致癌物。已发现我国部分地区地下水中镉含量严重超标,长期饮用这种含镉超标的水,会在人体内慢慢积蓄,积蓄到一定程度,就会发生病症,诸如骨痛病等病症,情况严重者还会引起肝脏病、肺癌、肾脏病等。
本论文以原子荧光光谱分析技术为检测手段,分析了汾河太原段镉的污染状况；并详细研究了分子筛对重金属镉的吸附条件和吸附性能,得到了最佳吸附条件,应用于模拟废水处理,效果满意。主要研究内容概括如下：
(1)以汾河太原段的水样和沉积物为研究对象,测定了其中镉的含量,用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物中镉的污染进行了生态风险评价。
(2)考察了不同吸附剂对重金属镉离子的吸附性能,结果发现在处理高浓度的含Cd2+水样时,13X分子筛对镉离子的吸附性能要明显优于其它吸附剂。论文确定以13X分子筛为研究对象,进一步考察了吸附平衡时间、pH、温度、分子筛用量、干扰离子、浓度等因素对其吸附镉离子的影响。
(3)用13X分子筛处理实验室模拟的含镉废水,结果表明：13X分子筛能有效处理低浓度的含Cd2+水样。在Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+重金属离子存在的条件下,对Cd2+吸附效果影响较小。通过洗脱的方法考察了13X分子筛的解析再生性能；初步探讨了13X分子筛对镉的吸附机理。
The cadmium pollution oringin from minning, electroplating, smelting of non-ferrous metal,texting printing and dyeing, the factory of using raw materials or catalyst, the discharge of military production, phosphate fertilizer of preparating phosphate rock, glass, ceramics, paint, pharmacy, fiber.
Cadmium is not essential element of the body, the ideal content in the body is zero.It is the IA-leval carcinogen.The content of cadmium in groundwater in china some areas exceeds standard content. People drink chronically the water containing cadmium. Cadmium in the body is accumulated. The latency of disease extend as long as decades.Savings to a certain extent, disease occurs,such as pain patients,liver disease, kidney disease.
In this paper, by the means of atomic fluorescence spectrometry, adsorption capability of 13X molecular sieve adsorbent for heavy metal cadmium ion was systematically researched. The factors affecting cadmium adsorption conditionsand adsorption property was investigated.The main contents are concluded as follows:
(1).The heavy metal cadmium of water and sediment samples in fenhe of Taiyuan from upstream to downstream was determinated.The potential ecological risk assessment of cadmium in the sediment was studied.
(2) In this thesis, by comparison of the adsorption capacity of several different adsorbents, it has been found that the 13X mocular zeolite has the higher adsorption capacity than other absorbents.So the 13X mocular zeolite was used as the adsorbent for the further study.The impact factors of cadmium ion adsorption was furtherly investigated.The adsorption equilibrium time, pH, temperature, amount of molecular sieve, interfering ions and other factors on 13X molecular sieve adsorption of cadmium ions were studied.
(3)The laboratory simulated wastewater was treated by 13X molecular sieve. The results show that the effection of 13X molecular sieve dealing with low concentrations of cadmium is very good.Existing conditions of Zn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, the adsorption of cadmium is not basically effected.The regeneration performance is investigated by eluting 13X molecular. The adsorption mechanism of 13X molecular sieve was preliminary investigated.
引文
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