政治关联对中国民营企业融资能力影响研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
民营企业已成为推动中国经济发展的重要动力,但在无形政治壁垒的阻碍下,我国民营企业融资难题仍未得到根本解决。特别是对经营于政府管制行业内和注册于信贷资金分配市场化程度低地区的民营企业来说,政府的行政管制仍是限制其融资能力提升的主要障碍。为能提升融资能力,中国民营企业家积极参政议政,并已形成了一批具有政治背景的民营企业家团队,企业家的政治背景为民营企业带来政治关联。那么,政治关联会对民营企业融资能力产生怎样影响?政治关联对民营企业融资能力影响的内在机制是什么?行业管制和地区差异在上述影响过程中起到怎样的调节作用?这些问题的回答能够解释我国政企关系的内在运作机制,合理提升我国民营企业融资能力,因此具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。
     本文以我国民营企业为研究对象,分别使用融资约束和长期财务指标来代理民营企业的短期和长期融资能力,应用信息不对称理论和寻租理论,探讨政治关联对民营企业融资能力的影响机理,并考察行业管制和地区差异在上述影响过程中的调节作用。对该课题的研究有助于我国民营企业合理利用政治关联提升融资能力,也有助于政府加强管理,在改善民营企业融资环境的同时避免寻租和腐败。因此,本课题的研究既是一个重大的理论问题,又是我国经济制度改革过程中的实践问题。
     本文的基本逻辑是政治关联或是通过信息不对称机制,或是通过寻租机制对民营企业融资能力产生影响;且民营企业融资能力有短期和长期之分,短期融资能力可用融资约束代理,而长期融资能力则表现为公司成长性和资本结构的不同;在政治关联对民营企业融资能力影响的过程中行业管制和地区差异起到重要的调节作用。本文共分八章:第一章引言,用来介绍本文研究背景、意义、内容、方法、创新之处,并对本文核心概念做界定;第二章理论文献综述,从政治关联、融资约束和市场进入三个方面进行理论文献综述,找出现有理论研究中的可完善之处,为本文理论创新提供支持;第三章制度背景分析和理论模型构建,以制度经济学为基础,分析伴随着中国制度变迁的民营企业成长历程,结合中国的融资环境,分析中国民营企业政治关联形成机制,并将理论与现实相结合提出本文的理论模型框架;第四章政治关联影响民营企业融资能力的博弈模型分析,分别以信息不对称理论和寻租理论为基础构建政治关联对民营企业融资能力影响博弈模型,分析上述影响的内在机理;第五章政治关联对民营企业融资约束影响实证分析,选择合适变量代理政治关联、融资约束、行业管制、地区差异等核心概念,构建回归模型,并收集整理数据进行实证检验;第六章实证结果稳定性分析,从政治关联、行业管制和地区差异三个核心概念出发,对存在争议的代理变量选取问题作深入讨论,以实证检验的形式验证本文理论的稳定性;第七章政治关联影响民营企业融资能力的长期作用结果,政治关联短期影响的长期积累造成民营企业成长性和资本结构的差异,本章用实证方法对上述差异的显著性作验证;第八章结论与展望,在对全文进行总结的基础上得出主要结论,并总结本文研究不足对未来研究做出展望。
     本文主要采用了规范研究与实证研究相结合的方法,在规范研究方面主要综述了政治关联理论、融资约束理论和市场进入理论,并在信息不对称理论和寻租理论的基础上构建了政治关联对中国民营企业融资能力影响的博弈模型。在实证研究方面使用了描述性统计、多元回归和逻辑回归等数量分析方法,对本文理论模型进行验证。
     本文经过研究分析得出主要结论如下:①在中国转型经济的制度背景下,政治因素和民营企业自身因素共同导致了民营企业融资困难。②政治关联可能通过降低信息不对称程度机制和寻租机制对民营企业融资能力产生影响。③从短期作用效果来看,政治关联企业所受融资约束程度较弱。且这种影响受到企业所在行业,所在地区的调节,一般来说,在管制行业内,信贷资源分配市场化程度较低地区经营的民营企业中,政治关联对融资约束的作用效果更明显。④从长期作用效果来看,具有政治关联的民营企业资产成长速度更快,资产负债率更高,且长期负债比率更高。
     本文的创新之处在于:①将政治因素引入企业投融资分析,构建了一个政治关联对企业融资能力影响的分析框架,从信息不对称和寻租两个视角,运用博弈论模型分析了政治关联对企业融资能力影响的内在逻辑,在一定程度上弥补了学术界在政治关联影响企业资源获取能力问题研究中的理论研究不足;②综合分析了政治关联对企业短期融资约束的影响和这种影响的长期积累效果,丰富了政治关联对民营企业融资能力影响的研究内涵;③基于市场进入理论,分析了由行业管制和地区差异带来的政府管制力量不同,并由此考察了行业管制和地区差异在政治关联影响民营企业融资能力过程中的调节作用,深化了政治关联对民营企业融资能力影响的研究。
Private owned Enterprises (POEs) have became an important engine to pushChinese economy keep developing, however, with intangible political blocks, thefinancing trouble for POEs still not be resolved. Especially, for POEs, who arerunning in regulated industries and registered in area where marketization of creditresource distribution is low, the political regulation still is a main block to forbidPOES to get financing resources. For equipped their companies with financialresources, the entrepreneurs attend political event and give suggestion to governmentactively, and right now there is a strong team who is consisted of entrepreneurs withpolitical background who own POEs, and their political relationships make theirPOEs become companies with political connection. How political connectioninfluence on financing capacity of POEs? What is the internal mechanism of thatinfluence? And how factors that industrial regulation and regional variation adjustthat influence? The answers for questions can not only give reasonable explanationfor internal mechanism of relationship between government and POEs, but also givesuggestions to POEs for increasing financing capacity reasonable. So there aresignificances from both theory and practice points of views.
     In this dissertation POEs are main research objectives, the financial constraintand long term financial variances are proxies for financing capacity, the informationasymmetry and rent-seeking theories are employed for exploring internal mechanismof influence on financial capacity from political connection, and adjusting impacton that influence from industrial regulation and regional variation. There are benefitsof research to this issue: in one aspect, POEs can take political connection as ameasure to increase their financing capacity; in another aspect, government shouldreinforce management ability to make balance both improving financing environmentfor POEs and avoiding rent-seeking and corruption. So not only this subject is animportant theory issue, but it is a practice issue in progress of Chinese economicreform.
     The basic logic of this dissertation is that, the political connection impact onfinancing capacity of POEs through information asymmetry mechanism or rent-seeking mechanism; there are both long term and short term financing capacitiesof POEs, the short term financing capacity can be proxies by financial constraint, andthe long term financing capacity can be proxies by growth rate and capital structure;industrial regulation and regional variation are two important adjusting factors inabove influence progress. There are eight chapters in this dissertation: the firstchapter is introduction, there are many issues are introduced in this chapter such asresearch backgrounds, significances, Constance, methods, innovations, core concepts.The second chapter is summarization of theories, the main theories motioned in thisdissertation are political connection, financial constraint, and market entrance, andthrough summarization the theoretical points that can be improved are found. Thethird chapter is analysis to institutional background and construction of theory model,in this chapter, based on institutional economics, the growth progress of POEsaccompanied by institution transaction is discussed, with Chinese financialenvironment, the embodied mechanism of political connection is analyzed, and thencombined theories and practices, the theoretic system of this dissertation is given. Thefourth chapter is game model analysis of influence on financial constraint frompolitical connection, in this chapter, both information asymmetry and rent-seekingtheories are employed to construct game models which are taken to explain theinfluence on financial capacity of POEs from political connection. The fifth chapter isempirical study of influence on financial constraint from political connection, in thischapter, the proxies of political connection, financial constraint, industrial regulationand regional variation are selected, then the regression models are build, data areemployed for empirical test. The sixth chapter is robust analysis, the controversialcore concepts that political connection, industrial regulation and regional variation arediscussed deeply, the substituted variables are taken to test the robust of theoriesproposed in this dissertation. The seventh chapter is the long term effect of politicalconnection to financing capacity of POEs, the accumulation of short term influenceleads the discrepancies in growth rate and capital structure aspects, in this chapter, thesignificant of above discrepancies are empirical tested. The chapter eight isconclusion and prospect, based on summarization of whole dissertation, theconclusions are presented, then the defects are given and prospects are made.
     Both normative study and empirical study methods are taken: in normative studyaspect, the political connection, financial constraint, and market entrance theories aresummarized, then based on information asymmetry and rent-seeking theories, thegame model that political connection influence to financial capacity of POEs arebuild. In empirical study aspect, the theories are tested with descriptive statistics,multiple regression and quantitative analysis methods.
     Through research following conclusions are made:(I) with background ofChinese transition economy, the financing dilemma are leaded by both politicalfactors and self factors of POEs.(II) the mechanisms that political connection impacton financial constraint of POEs are decreasing information asymmetry andrent-seeking.(III) from short term point of view, the financial constraint degree ofPOEs with political connection is lower, and this influence is adjusted by bothindustrial regulation and regional variation factors, in generally, the effect will bemore significant for POEs running in regulated industries and low level marketizationregion.(IV) from long term point of view, the growth rate, leverage rate and longterm debt rate are higher for political connected POEs.
     The main innovations are as follow:(I) import political factor in to analysis toinvestment and financing of POEs; Build analysis frame of political connection tofinancing capacity of POEs; based on information asymmetry and rent-seekingtheories, discuss internal logic of influence from political connection on financialcapacity.(II) analyze to both short term impact and long term accumulation resultfrom political connection to financial capacity of POEs, based on that the lineamentof influence from political connection to financial capacity is got into shape.(III)based on market entrance theory, analyze the difference of regulation power ofgovernment, then analyze the adjusting effect to influence of political connection onfinancial capacity of POEs from both industrial regulation and regional variancefactors.
引文
[1] Aboody, David; Lev, Baruch. Information Asymmetry, R&D, and InsiderGains.Journal of Finance,2000,55(6):2747~2766
    [2] Akerlof.The market for lemons: quality uncertainty and the market mechanism.quarterlyjournal of economics,1970,84(3):488~500
    [3] Allen, F., Qian, J. and Qian, M. Law, Finance, and Economic Growth inChina.Journal of Financial Economics,2005,77(1):57~116
    [4] Almeida, H., Campello, M., Weisbach, M. The cash flow sensitivity ofcash.Journal of finance,2004(59):1777~1804
    [5] Asim Ijaz Khwaja,Atif Mian.Do Lenders Favor Politically Connected Firms? Rentprovision in an Emerging Financial Market.Working paper,2004:1~24
    [6] Baldwin,John R.The Dynamics of Industrial Competition.Cambridge:CambridgeU.Press,1998:360
    [7] Baldwin,John R.&Ratcliff,Joanne.Differences in Strategies and Performances ofDifferent Types of Innovators.Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series,StatisticsCanada,Analytical Studies Branch,1998:61~89
    [8] Bain,J.,Barriers to New Competition.Harvard University Press:Cambridge.Mass,1956:24~56
    [9] Bain,J.Industrial Organization.New York:Wiley,1968:252~274
    [10] Berger,P.and E.Ofek.Diversification Effect on Firm Value.Journal of FinancialEconomics,1995(37):39~65
    [11] Bester, H. Screening Versus Rationing in Credit Markets with ImperfectInformation.The American Economic Review,1985(4):850~855
    [12] Bhattacharya, S. Imperfect information, dividend policy, and the bird-in-the handfallacy.Bell Journal of economics,1979(10):259~270
    [13] Bill B.Francis,Iftekhar Hasan,Xian Sun.Political connections and the process of goingpublic: Evidence from China.Journal of International Money and Finance,2009(28):696~719
    [14] Black,Fischer.Dividend Puzzle.Journal of Portfolio Management,1976(2):5~8
    [15] Brandt, L. and Li, H. Bank discrimination in transition economics: ideology,information, or incentives? Journal of Comparative Economics,2003(31):387~413
    [16] Brown, Stephen, Hillegeist, Stephen, Lo, Kin. Conference calls and informationasymmetry.Journal of Accounting and Economics,2004,37(3):343~366
    [17] Charles J.P.Chen,Zengquan Li,Xijia Su,Zheng Sun.Rent-seeking incentives,corporate olitical connections, and the control structure of private firms: Chineseevidence.Journal of Corporate Finance,2011(17):229~243
    [18] Chutatong Charumilind, Raja Kali, Yupana Wiwattanakantang Connected Lending:Thailand before the Financial Crisis.Journal of Business,2006,79:181~218
    [19] Cox,J.C.and S.A.Ross.The Pricing of Options for Jump Processes.workingpaper,1975:1~42
    [20] Cox,J.C.and S.A.Ross.The Valuation of Options for Alternative StochasticProcesses.Journal of Financial Economics,1976,3(1):145~166
    [21] Cox,J.,Ingersoll,S.Ross.An intertemporal general equilibrium model of assetprices.Economica,1985(53):363~384
    [22] Cox,John C.,Stephen A.Ross,and Mark Rubinstein.Option Pricing: A SimplifiedApproach.Journal of Financial Economics,1979(7):229~263
    [23] Dechow,P.,Kothari,S.,Watts,R.The Relation Between Earnings and CashFlows.Journal of Accounting&Economics,1998(25):133~168
    [24] Demsetz,H.Barriers to Entry.American Economic Review.1982(72):47~57
    [25] Eitan Goldman,J rg Rocholl,Jongil So.Do Politically Connected Boards Affect FirmValue? Working paper,2006:1~36
    [26] Erwan Morellec, Norman Schurhoff. Corporate investment and financing underasymmetric information.Journal of Financial Economics,2011(99):262~288
    [27] Faccio, Maya, Lang H. P. The ultimate ownership of Western Europeancorporations.Journal of Financial Economics,2002(65):365~395
    [28] Faccio,M.,Masulis,R.,McConnell,J.J.Political connections and corporatebailouts.Journal of Finance,2006(61):2597~2635
    [29] Faccio,Mara.The Characteristics of Politically Connected Firms.Unpublished workingpaper,2007,Vanderbilt University:1~47
    [30] Faccio,Mara,and Larry H.P.Lang.Politically connected firms.American EconomicReview,2006,vol.96(1):369~386
    [31] Fan J.,Oliver Meng Rui and Mengxin Zhao.Rent Seeking and Corporate Finance:Evidence from Corruption Cases.Corporate Finance and Intermediation,2006:253~303
    [32] Fan J.,Wong TJ,Zhang T.Politically Connected CEOs, Corporate Governance, andPost-IPO Performance of China’s Newly Partially Privatized Firms.Journal of FinancialEconomics,2007:324~353
    [33] Fazzari. S. M, Hubbard. R. g and Petersen. B. C. Financing Constraints andCorporate Investment.Brooking Paper in Economic Activities,1988(5):1141~1195
    [34] Fazzari, S. M., Petersen, B. C. Working capital and fixed investment: Newevidence on financing constraint.RAND Journal of economics,1993(24):328~342
    [35] Fazzari, Steven, R. Glenn Hubbard, and Bruce Petersen. Investment-Cash FlowSensitivities are useful: A comment on Kaplan and Zingales. Quarterly Journal ofEconomics,2000(115):695~705
    [36] FS McChesney. Rent extraction and rent creation in the economic theory ofregulation.The Journal of Legal Studies,1987,l16(1):435~473
    [37] Fischer Black, Myron Scholes. The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Some EmpiricalTests.Studies in the theory of capital markets,1972(5):347~362
    [38] Fischer Black,Myron Scholes.The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities.TheJournal of Political Economy,1973,(3):637~654
    [39] Fisman,Raymond.Estimating the value of political connections.American EconomicReview,2001(91):1095~1102
    [40] Frye,Timothy,Shleifer,Andrei.The Invisible Hand and the Grabbing Hand.TheAmerican Economic Review,199787(2),354~58
    [41] G.Bennett Stewart.EVA: Fast and Fantasy.Journal of Applied Corporate Finance,1994(7):71~84
    [42] Geroski,P.A.Market Dynamic and Entry.Oxford:Blackwell,1991:210
    [43] Gordon Tullock.垄断与资源分配.美国经济评论,1967(28):345~368
    [44] Grier K.,Munger M.,Roberts B.The Determinants of Industry Political Activity,1978-1986.American Political Science Review,1994(88):911~926
    [45] Hayes, Beth, Unions and Strikes with Asymmetric information, Journal of LaborEconomics,2007(1):57~83
    [46] Heather Mitchell, Saramma Joseph. Changes in Malaysia: Capital controls, primeministers and political connections.Pacific-Basin Finance Journal,2010(18):460~476
    [47] Heitor Almeida,Murillo Campello,Michael S.Weisbach.Corporate financial andinvestment policies when future financing is not frictionless. Journal of CorporateFinance,2011(17):675~693
    [48] Hernando de Soto.The other path: the invisible revolution in the Third World.PerennialLibrary,1990:345
    [49] James S.Ang,Carol Marie Boyer.Finance and Politics: Special Interest Group Influenceduring the Nationalization and Privatization of Conrail.Economics&Social SciencesCambridge Journal of Economics,2000,31(2):193~215
    [50] James Scott,Optimizim Capital Structure Theory.Bell journal of economics,1976:533~554
    [51] Jensen,Michael C.and Meckling,William H..Theory of the Firm: ManagerialBehavior, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure.Journal of Financial Economics,1976(3):214~265
    [52] Johnson, Simon, and Todd Mitton. Cronyism and capital controls: Evidence fromMalaysia.Journal of Financial Economics,2003(67):351~382
    [53] Joon Chae,Sungmin Kim,Eun Jung Lee.How corporate governance affects payoutpolicy under agency problems and external financing constraints.Journal of Banking&Finance,2009(33):2093~2101
    [54] Joshua B.Levy,Eunsang Yoon.Modeling global market entry decision by fuzzy logicwith an application to country risk assessment.European Journal of Operational Research1995(82):53~78
    [55] Kaplan,Steven and Luigi Zingales.Do Financing constraints explain why investment iscorrelated with cash flow? Quarterly journal of economics,1997(112):169~215
    [56] Katherine A. Smith, Diego Valderrama. The composition of capital inflows whenemerging market firms face financing constraints.Journal of Development Economics,2009(89):223~234
    [57] Kenneth Arrow.Uncertainty and the welfare economics of Medical care.AmericanEconomic review,1963,volume LIII(3):141~149
    [58] Keynes,J.M.The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.London:Macmillan,Kriesler,1936:54~57
    [59] Lang,L.,R.M.Stulz,and R.A.Walkling.A Test of the Free Cash FlowHypothesis: The Case of Bidder Returns.Journal of Financial Economics,1991(44):611~632
    [60] Luehrman, T. Using APV: a Better Tool for Valuing Operations. HarvardBusiness.Review,1997(75):145~154.
    [61] Lzquierdo,Segismundo S.,Lzquierdo,Luis R.The impact of quality uncertaintywithout asymmestric information on market efficiency.Journal of Business Research,200760(8):858~867
    [62] Marc Jegers. Financing constraints in nonprofit organisations: A ‘Tirolean’approach.Journal of Corporate Finance2011(17):640~648
    [63] Marianne Bertrand,Francis Kramarz,Antoinette Schoar,David Thesmar.PoliticallyConnected CEOs and Corporate Outcomes: Evidence from France.Journal of Finance,2004:251~300
    [64] Modigliani,Franco and Merton H.Miller.The Cost of Capital, Corporate Finance, andthe Theory of Investment.American Economic Review,1958(48):261~297
    [65] Modigliani,Franco and Merton H.Miller.Corporate Income Taxes and the Cost ofCapital: A Correction.American Economic Review,1963(53):433~443
    [66] Mohammad M.Rahaman.Access to financing and firm growth.Journal of Banking&Finance,2011(35):709~723
    [67] Myers,Stewart and Nicholal S.Majluf.Corporate Financing and Investment Decisionswhen Firms have Information that Investors Do Not Have. Journal of FinancialEconomics,1984,13(2):187~221
    [68] Myers, Stewart C. Determinants of Corporate Borrowing. Journal of financialeconomics,1977(5):147~175
    [69] Narjess Boubakri,Jean-Claude Cosset,Walid Saffar.Political connections of newlyprivatized firms.Journal of Corporate Finance,2008(14):654~673
    [70] Narjess Boubakri,Jean-Claude Cosset,Omrane Guedhami,Walid Saffar.The politicaleconomy of residual state ownership in privatized firms: Evidence from emergingmarkets.Journal of Corporate Finance,2011(17):244~258
    [71] Opler,T.,Pinkowitz,L.,Stulz,R.and Williamson,R.The Determinants andImplications of Corporate Cash Holdings.Journal of Financial Economics,1999(52):3~4
    [72] Paul Seabright.The starfish effect: Can market entry by one firm encourage further entry byothers? European Economic Review,1996(40):541~550
    [73] Peng Cheng Zhu,Vijay Jog,Isaac Otchere.Partial acquisitions in emerging markets: Atest of the strategic market entry and corporate control hypotheses.Journal of CorporateFinance,2011(17):288~305
    [74] Peter Kedron, Sharmistha Bagchi-Sen. US market entry processes of emergingmultinationals: A case of Indian pharmaceuticals.Applied Geography,2011(31):721~730
    [75] Pfeffer,J.and G.R.Salancik.The External Control of Organizations: A ResourceDependence Perspective.New York:NY,Harper and Row,1978:235~247
    [76] R.H.Coase.The Nature of the Firm.Economica,1937,4(16):386~405
    [77] Raghuram G.Rajan,Luigi Zingales.Which Capitalism? Lessons Form The East AsianCrisis.Journal of Applied Corporate Finance,Morgan Stanley,1998,11(3):40~48
    [78] Rafael La Porta&Florencio Lopez-de-Silane&Andrei Shleifer&RobertW.Vishny.Legal Determinants of External Finance.NBER Working Papers5879,National Bureau of Economic Research,Inc,1997:1~46
    [79] Rajan, Raghuram G. and Zingales, Luigi. Financial Dependence andGrowth.American Economic Review,June1998,88(3):559~86
    [80] Randall S.Kroszner&Thomas Stratmann.Does Political Ambiguity Pay? CorporateCampaign contributions and the Rewards to Legislator Reputation.University of Chicago-George G.Stigler Center for Study of Economy and State,Chicago-Center for Study ofEconomy and State,1999:155
    [81] Rejie Georgea,Rezaul Kabirb,Jing Qian.Investment-cash flow sensitivity and financingconstraints: New evidence from Indian business group firms.Journal of MultinationalFinancial Management.2011(21):69~88
    [82] Roberts Brian A.A Dead Senator Tells No Lies: Seniority and the Distribution of FederalBenefits.American Journal of Political Science,1990,34(1):31~58
    [83] Robert Keo Hane. A Contemporary Classic Neumann, Ole Waver. The Future ofInternational Relations: Masters in the Making London:Rouledge,1997:90~120
    [84] Robert C.Merton.On the Pricing of Corporate Debt: The Risk Structure of InterestRate.Journal of Finance,1974(29):449~470
    [85] Robert C.Merton.Theory of Rational Option Pricing.The Bell Journal of Economicsand Management Science,1973(4):141~183
    [86] Saul Estrin,Martha Prevezer.A survey on institutions and new firm entry: How and whydo entry rates differ in emerging markets? Economic Systems,2010(34):289~308
    [87] Saul Estrin.Entry and barriers to entry in emerging markets.Economic Systems,2007(31):343~345
    [88] Serdar Dinc. Political influences on government-owened banks in emergingcountries.Journal of Financial Economics,2005(77):453~479
    [89] Shleifer A,Vishny R.Politicians and Firms.Quarterly Journal of Economics,1994,109(4):995~1025
    [90] Simon P.Anderson,Maxim Engers.Participation games: Market entry, coordination, andthe beautiful blonde.Journal of Economic Behavior&Organization,2007(63):120~137
    [91] Stefanie A.Haller.The impact of multinational entry on domestic market structure andinvestment.International Review of Economics and Finance,2009(18):52~62
    [92] Steven M.Fazzari&R.Glenn Hubbard&Bruce C.Petersen.Financing Constraints andCorporate Investment. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic StudiesProgram,The Brookings Institution,1988,19(1):141~206
    [93] Steven N.Kaplan and Luigi Zingales.Investment-cash flow sensitivities are not validmeasures of financing constraints.The Qurterly Journal of Economics,2000(5):707~712
    [94] Stigler,George J.The Theory of Economic Regulation.Bell Journal of Economics andManagement Science,1971(2):3~21
    [95] Stiglitz, Joseph E and Weiss. Credit Rationing in Mark with ImperfectInformation.American Economics Review,1981,71(3):393~410
    [96] Stiglitz,J.E.,&Weiss,A.Credit Rationing and Collateral.In Edwards,J..eta. l (Eds.). Recent Developments in Corporate Finance. CambridgeUniversity.Press,1986:75
    [97] Stijn Claessens,Erik Feijend,Luc Laeven.Political connections and preferential accessto finance: The role of campaign contributions.Journal of Financial Economics,2008(88):554~580
    [98] T Frye,A Shleifer.The invisible hand and the grabbing hand.The American EconomicReview,1997
    [99] T. K. Ahn; Robert Huckfeldt; John Barry Ryan. Communication, Influence, andInformational Asymmetries among Voters.Political Psychology,2010,31(5):763~788
    [100] Tetsuya Kasahara.Severity of financing constraints and firms' investments.Reviewof Financial Economics,2008(17):112~129
    [101] Thomas Ferguson,Hans-Joachim Voth.Betting on Hitler-The Value of PoliticalConnections in Nazi Germany.Quarterly Journal of Economics,2008,123(1):101~137
    [102] William R.Kerr,Ramana Nanda.Democratizing entry: Banking deregulations,financing constraints, and entrepreneurship. Journal of Financial Economics,2009(94):124~149
    [103] Woodcoock C,Beanish P.Makino S.Ownership-based Entry Mode Strategies andInternational Performance.Journal of International Business Studies,1994,25(2):253~274
    [104] Wubiao Zhou.Bank Financing in China’s Private Sector: The Payoffs of PoliticalCapital.World Development,2009(37):787~799
    [105] Yongge Niu,Lily C.Dong,Rong Chen.Market entry barriers in China.Journal ofBusiness Research,2011(32):543~552
    [106] A.格比,J·B·耐特,R·H·萨博特.刘易斯透视:公有部门的就业、寻租与经济增长.管理世界,1989(2):47~57,219
    [107]巴曙松,刘孝红,牛播坤.转型时期中国金融体系中的地方治理与银行改革的互动研究.金融研究,2005(5):123~131
    [108]蔡红艳、阎庆民.产业结构调整与金融发展——来自中国的跨行业调查.管理世界,2004(10):79~84
    [109]陈冬华.地方政府、公司治理与补贴收入——来自中国证券市场的经验证据.财经研究,2003(9):15~21
    [110]陈晓,李静.地方政府财政行为在提升上市公司业绩中的作用探析.会计研究,2001(12):20~29
    [111]陈信元,黄俊.政府干预多元化经营与公司业绩.管理世界,2007(1):92~97
    [112]道格拉斯·诺斯,罗伯特·托马斯著,厉以平,蔡磊译.西方世界的兴起:新经济史.华夏出版社,2009年版:32
    [113]杜兴强,陈温慧,杜颖洁.寻租、政治联系与“真实”业绩.金融研究,2010(10):135~157
    [114]凡勃仑著.蔡受百译.有闲阶级论.商务印书馆,2009年版:35
    [115]樊纲,王小鲁,张立文,朱恒鹏.中国各地区市场化相对进程报告.经济研究,2003,(03):78~85
    [116]费孝通.乡土中国.北京:人民出版社,2008年版:40
    [117]冯天丽,井润田,王国锋.私营企业政治资本与企业借贷来源的实证分析[A].第三届(2008)中国管理学年会论文集,2008:409~417
    [118]付俊文,李琪.信用担保与逆向选择:中小企业融资问题研究.技术经济与数量经济研究,2004(8):127~133
    [119]高兰根,王晓中.中国金融制度演进的逻辑与困境——兼论民营经济融资困境的制度根源.金融研究,2006(6):170~178
    [120]高勇强,陈磊,李根.中国企业非正当政治行为的原因分析.中国第四届(2009)管理学年会,2009:878~890
    [121]高勇强,田志龙.政治环境、战略利益与公司政治行为.管理科学,2004(2):2~6
    [122]高兰根,王晓中.中国金融制度演进的逻辑与困境——兼论民营经济融资困境的制度根源.金融研究,2006:170~178
    [123]顾娟,刘建洲.信息不对称与股票价格变动——中国证券市场信息传导机制的经济学分析.经济研究,2004(2):106~114
    [124]郭庆旺,贾俊雪.地方政府间策略互动行为、财政支出竞争与地区经济增长.管理世界,2009(10):17~27,187
    [125]郭玉清,姜磊.中国地区经济差距扩散的源泉:资本深化还是效率改进.数量经济技术经济研究,2010(7):38~52,65
    [126]郝颖,刘星,伍良华.基于内部人寻租的扭曲性过度投资行为研究.系统工程学报,2007(4):128~143
    [127]何源,白莹,文翘.财政补贴、税收与公司投资行为.财经问题研究,2006(6):54~58
    [128]黄新建,张会.地区环境、政治关联与审计师选择——来自中国民营上市公司的经验证据.审计与经济研究,2011(5):44~52
    [129]黄宇驰.基于资源基础论的区域市场进入模式选择研究——对制造业企业的分析
    [博士论文].浙江大学,2007:35
    [130]胡旭阳.民营企业家的政治身份与民营企业的融资便利——以浙江省民营百强企业为例.管理世界,2006(5):107~113,141
    [131]胡旭阳,史晋川.民营企业的政治资源与民营企业多元化投资.中国工业经济,2008(4):5~14
    [132]江飞涛,李晓萍.直接干预市场与限制竞争:中国产业政策的取向与根本缺陷.中国工业经济,2010(9):26~36
    [133]江世银.论信息不对称条件下的消费信贷市场.经济研究,2000(6):19~26.
    [134]金培.竞争秩序与竞争政策.社会科学文献出版社,2005:76
    [135]凯恩斯著,房树人,黄海明译.就业、利息和货币通论.北京出版社,2005:12
    [136]李斌,江伟.金融发展、融资约束与企业成长.南开经济研究,2006(3):68~78
    [137]李景睿.承诺补贴——对高新技术出口产业的一种市场进入扶持政策.国际经贸探索,2004(3):24~26
    [138]李强,刘善敏.地方政府干预、行业集中度与公司多元化.华南师范大学学报,2007(5):49~56,159
    [139]李永平.农信社跨县域市场进入及其约束因素——基于对山东省的调查.农村经济,2010(5):68~70
    [140]李焰、陈才东、黄磊.集团化运作、融资约束与财务风险——基于上海复星集团案例研究.管理世界,2007(12):117~135
    [141]李增泉,辛显刚,于旭辉.金融发展、债务融资约束与金字塔结构——来自民营企业集团的证据.管理世界,2008(1):123~135,188
    [142]连玉君,苏治.融资约束、不确定性与上市公司投资效率.管理评论,2009(1):19~26
    [143]梁建,陈爽英,盖庆恩.民营企业的政治参与、公司治理与慈善捐赠.第四届管理学年会,2009:446~455
    [144]林毅夫,李志.政策性负担、道德风险与预算软约束.经济研究,2004(2):17~27
    [145]刘彪,王东京.企业信货约束软化研究.经济研究,1992(11):44~51
    [146]刘世锦.加快改革与政策调整促进经济增长动力的结构性转变.管理世界,2002(12):12~14
    [147]刘小玄.中国转轨经济中的产权结构和市场结构——产业绩效水平的决定因素.经济研究,2003年(1):71~90
    [148]卢红友,连玉君,卢盛峰.中国医疗服务市场中的信息不对称程度测算.管理世界,2011(10):95~107
    [149]陆正飞,张会丽.所有权安排、寻租空间与现金分布——来自中国A股市场的经验证据.管理世界,2010(5):150~161
    [150]罗党论,黄琼宇.民营企业的政治关系与企业价值.管理科学,2008(12):21~28
    [151]罗党论,唐清泉.政治关系、社会资本与政策资源获取:来自中国民营上市公司的经验证据.世界经济,2009(7):84~96
    [152]罗党论,甄丽明.民营控制、政治关系与企业融资约束——基于中国民营上市公司的经验证据.金融研究,2008(12):164~178
    [153]罗明新,马钦海.公司政治关联国外研究新进展.预测,2011(2):77~80
    [154]米红张文璋编著.实用现代统计分析方法与SPSS应用.北京:当代中国出版社,2000:78
    [155]聂辉华.契约不完全一定导致投资无效率吗?——一个带有不对称信息的敲竹杠模型.经济研究,2008(2):134~145
    [156]宁宇新、柯大钢.转轨背景、公司成长性与债务融资——来自于上市公司的经验证据.中大管理研究,2008(3):107~124
    [157]潘红波,夏新平,余明桂.政府干预、政治关联与地方国有企业并购.经济研究,2008(4):41~52
    [158]潘越,戴亦一,吴超鹏,刘建亮.社会资本、政治关系与公司投资决策.经济研究,2009(11):82~93
    [159]靳春平.财政政策效应的空间差异性与地区经济增长.管理世界,2007(7):47~56,171
    [160]钱龙,张桥云.构建政府担保机制解决农民融资困难——基于信息不对称的视角.中国软科学,2008(12):46~53,85
    [161]钱颖一,许成钢.中国的经济改革为什么与众不同——M型的层级制和非国有部门的进入与扩张.经济社会体制比较,1993(1):29~40
    [162]钱震杰.中国工业企业投资的融资约束研究.清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(6):57~66
    [163]青木昌彦.市场的作用国家的作用.中国发展出版社,2002年:97
    [164]沈红波,寇宏,张川.金融发展、融资约束与企业投资的实证研究.中国工业经济,2010(6):55~64
    [165]沈洪明.转型经济条件下民营中小企业融资和企业信用.管理世界,2006:162~163
    [166]施锡铨,范正绮.数据分析与统计建模社科研究中的统计学方法.上海:上海人民出版社,2007:54
    [167]石秀印.中国企业家成功的社会网络基础.管理世界,1998(6):187~196,208
    [168]田立辉.国有产权、预算软约束与中国上市公司杠杆治理.管理世界,2005(7):123~128,147
    [169]田志龙,高勇强,卫武.中国企业政治策略与行为研究.管理世界,2003(12):98~106,127,156
    [170]王擎,蔡梁栋.信息不对称、贷款公告与转移成本.管理世界,2009(10):175~176
    [171]汪伟,史晋川.进入壁垒与民营企业的成长——吉利集团案例研究.管理世界,2005(7):36~47
    [172]魏峰,刘星.融资约束、不确定性对公司投资行为的影响.经济科学,2004(2):35~43
    [173]魏守华、吴贵生、吕新雷.区域创新能力的影响因素——兼评中国创新能力的地区差异.中国软科学,2010(9):76~85
    [174]卫武,李克克.基于政府角色转换的企业政治资源、策略与绩效之间的相互影响.管理科学学报,2009(4):31~43
    [175]卫武,田志龙,刘晶.中国企业经营活动中的政治关联系研究.中国工业经济,2004(4):67~75
    [176]文宗瑜,张晓杰.推动经济转型及产业升级的财税支持政策.财政研究,2009(12):24~30
    [177]吴文锋,吴冲锋,芮萌.中国上市公司高管的政府背景与税收优惠.管理世界,2009(3):134~142
    [178]席彦群,赵宏,罗媛媛.论寻租理论与会计政治选择.管理世界,2003(5):139~140
    [179]肖侠.科技型中小企业的融资创新.工业技术经济,2003(5):52~53
    [180]肖作平,苏忠秦,曾琰.民企董事会的政治关联与公司价值.董事会,2009(2):82~83
    [181]许崇正,官秀黎.论中国民营企业融资和金融支持.金融研究,2004:86~91
    [182]杨大楷,韩其成.民营企业商业信贷配给与相应信用担保体系完善.财政研究,2003(7):60~62
    [183]杨蕙馨,郑军.转型经济条件下的企业进入和成长——评“进入壁垒与民营企业的成长——吉利集团案例研究,中国制度变迁的案例研究,2006(5):35~51
    [184]杨树旺,成金华,吕军.民营企业融资:问题与对策.管理世界,2005:162~163
    [185]饶华春.中国金融发展与企业融资约束的缓解——基于系统广义矩估计的动态面板数据分析.金融研究,2009(9):156~165
    [186]英:亚当·斯密,唐日松译.国富论.北京:华夏出版社,2009:2
    [187]于良春,余东华.中国地区性行政垄断程度的测度研究.经济研究,2009(2):119~131
    [188]余明桂,回雅甫,潘红波.政治联系、寻租与地方政府财政补贴有效性.经济研究,2010(3):65~77
    [189]俞乔,赵昌文.政治控制、财政补贴与道德风险:国有银行不良资产的理论模型.经济研究,2009(6):73~82,158
    [190]袁建良.地区信用风险与评级方法.系统工程,2006(8):70~73
    [191]约翰·罗杰斯·康芒斯著.制度经济学﹕它在政治经济学中的地位.商务印书馆,2008:75
    [192]张纯,吕伟.机构投资者、终极产权与融资约束.管理世界,2007(11):119~127
    [193]张纯,吕伟.信息披露、市场关注与融资约束.会计研究,2007(11):32~39
    [194]张建君,张志学.中国民营企业家的政治战略.管理世界,2005(7):94~105
    [195]张敏,黄继承.政治关联、多元化与企业风险——来自中国证券市场的经验证据.管理世界,2009(7):156~164
    [196]张其仔,郭朝先,白玫.协调保增长与转变经济增长方式关系的产业政策研究.中国工业经济,2009(3):29~39
    [197]张婷.构建中国农村地区信用互助担保体系的设想.预测,2008(1):77~80
    [198]张五常.佃农理论:应用于亚洲的农业和台湾的土地改革.商务印书馆,2005:13
    [199]张小茜,汪炜,史晋川.利率市场化与信贷配给.金融研究,2007(3):87~97
    [200]张耀伟.政府权力与民营经济演进路径.经济理论与经济管理,2006(9):18~23
    [201]张亦春,周颖刚.信息不对称、企业改革和证券市场.经济研究,1997(5):24~30
    [202]郑江淮.国有企业预算约束硬化了吗?——对1996~2000年信贷约束政策有效性的实证研究.经济研究,2001(8):53~60
    [203]李莉,薛冬辉.政治关联、寻租环境与民营企业融资约束.第六届(2011)中国管理学年会——公司治理分会场论文集,2011年9月:54-67
    [204]周黎安、陶婧.政府规模、市场化与地区腐败问题研究.经济研究,2009(1):57~69
    [205]周叔莲,吕铁.中国高增长行业的转型与发展.经济管理出版社,2010(6):124
    [206]周叔莲,吕铁,贺俊.新时期中国高增长行业的产业政策分析.中国工业经济,2008(9):46~57
    [207]朱星宇,陈勇强.SPSS多元统计分析方法及应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2011(8):45~123

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700