我国战略性新兴产业的融资模式研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
由2007年美国次贷危机而引发的全球金融危机,对世界经济构成了迄今为止仍在继续的巨大伤害。为了尽快从危机中迅速恢复,并在未来世界经济竞争新格局中处于领先地位,发达国家纷纷制定了支持新兴产业的发展规划。与此同时,新兴经济体及发展中国家亦不断加大对新兴产业的投入力度。
     此次金融危机发生正值我国三十年传统经济发展急待转型之时,“金融危机”、“经济转型”与“中等收入陷阱”三者叠加之痛更加急切地促使我国制定新经济发展战略规划。为此,我国已将战略性新兴产业发展提升到国家战略高度。
     2010年10月18日,国务院发布了《国务院关于加快培育和发展战略性新兴产业的决定》。同日,十七届五中全会通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划的建议》中,提出“要发展现代产业体系、提高产业核心竞争力,改造提升制造业,培育发展战略性新兴产业”,再次明确了未来“培育战略性新兴产业”的重要任务。2012年7月20日,我国政府发布的《“十二五”国家战略性新兴产业发展规划》中,就发展目标明确提出,战略性新兴产业规模年均增长率保持在20%以上,形成一批具有较强自主创新能力和技术引领作用的骨干企业,一批特色鲜明的产业链和产业集聚区。到2015年,战略性新兴产业增加值占国内生产总值比重达到8%左右,对产业结构升级、节能减排、提高人民健康水平、增加就业等带动作用明显提高。到2020年,力争使战略性新兴产业成为国民经济和社会发展的重要推动力量,增加值占国内生产总值比重达到15%,部分产业和关键技术跻身国际先进水平,节能环保、新一代信息技术、生物、高端装备制造产业成为国民经济支柱产业,新能源、新材料、新能源汽车产业成为国民经济先导产业。在此基础上,中央和地方政府相继制定了战略性新兴产业发展的实施方案。
     战略性新兴产业因其具有前瞻性、跨学科跨产业的交叉复杂性、级数成长性、发展持续性等特征,目前存在许多崭新的课题有待深入系统地进行研究。而其中重要的课题之一就是如何通过金融体制及模式的创新健康高效地促进战略性新兴产业的发展。诚然,战略性新兴产业的发展不仅需要政策层面的宏观规划指导,而且需要金融资源的具体支持。但是,我国现行金融体制和融资模式是建立在30年传统产业发展基础上的,与战略性新兴产业发展的需求相比还存在着滞后性、不匹配性以及创新不足等特征,因此,如何构建与战略性新兴产业发展相适应的融资体制和融资模式是理论界和实践界所面临的重大课题。
     当前,我国学术界较多地从产业经济学的角度对战略性新兴产业的内涵、发展模式及政策框架等方面进行了研究,并取得了一定的共识。但是对战略性新兴产业的融资模式进行系统研究的文献尚且不足。拙文以战略性新兴产业特征及其相应的融资理论阐释为启点,通过战略性新兴产业融资模式的国际比较,反观我国战略性新兴产业及其融资现状,针对现状存在的问题较为系统地构建了与战略性新兴产业相适应的融资模式体系,特别是针对战略性新兴产业不同发展阶段的经营风险特征和财务金融属性,对优先股及其组合产品的应用进行了探索性研究。
     具体而言,本文主要研究内容如下:第1章指出了本文研究的背景和意义,并在对国内外相关文献进行归纳梳理的基础上导出了本文选题的依据和方向,从而进一步概括了本文研究主要内容及技术路线,最后总结出本文研究的主要贡献以及存在的不足;第2章主要为战略性新兴产业相关融资理论阐述,笔者首先对战略性新兴产业的内涵与特征加以界定,接着对相关融资模式(市场主导型与政府主导型)理论进行比较分析,进而阐述了战略性新兴产业与融资模式相互影响机理;第3章主要以发达国家为研究对象,分析了美国、日本和德国战略性新兴产业的融资模式,并通过对这三个典型国家战略性新兴产业融资模式的比较,获得一些有意义的启示;第4章首先介绍了我国战略性新兴产业的发展现状,并在阐述战略性新兴产业生命周期不同阶段的财务金融属性的基础上,分析了我国战略性新兴产业的主要融资来源,并以我国战略性新兴产业上市公司为研究对象,实证分析了我国战略性新兴产业的融资效率,最后通过对我国金融体制的分析,指出其与战略性新兴产业发展的体制错配问题,以及我国战略性新兴产业不同发展阶段的融资模式存在错配;第5章主要从宏观层面分析了我国战略性新兴产业融资模式的创新路径,如设立政府先导基金、发展知识产权质押融资模式、创新债券融资模式、多角度探索VC/PE模式的创新、推行优先股制度、探索多种融资模式风险分担机制等;第6章通过个案研究对我国战略性新兴产业融资模式创新进行了探讨,选择对阿里巴巴发展历程中所采取的融资模式进行分析,总结了战略性新兴产业在融资模式选择中所应汲取的经验教训;第7章为本文的总结部分,通过对本文研究结论的归纳概括,进一步指出笔者未来应继续努力研究的方向。
The global financial crisis, originally caused by2007US subprime mortgage, hasdone and is still continuously doing harm to the world economy system. To get throughthis crisis, as well as to seize the advance position in the world economy, both developedcountry and emerging market have programmed plans and established policies to supportthe emerging industries.
     The financial crisis occurred at a very special period while our nation is facing theturning point of economy development. The triple problem of “financial crisis”,“economytransformation” and “middle income trap” called for new strategic economy plan. Hence,we have raised emerging industries as an important part of national strategy.
     On October18,2010, the State Council issued the "State Council Resolution onAccelerating the Strategic Emerging Industries". Moreover, CPC Central Committee alsosuggested “develop modern industry system, strengthen core competency, reform andimprove manufacturing and foster strategic emerging industry” in the12thfive year plan,indicating the importance of strategic emerging industry.
     On July20,2012, the Chinese government stated target of emerging industrydevelopment in the “Emerging Industry Development Plan of12thFive Year Plan Period”.The target includes “average20%growth”,“formation of numerous leading enterpriseswith independent innovation abilities, advanced technology and multiple industrialagglomerations with unique feature”.
     According to the plan, by2015, emerging industries growth should account for8%ofGDP, with an important role in industrial restructure, green economy, the improvement ofhealth and employment rate; by2020the emerging industry will become the new engine ofeconomy and its growth will account for15%of GDP, from which we will see GreenInitiative, new IT, Biotech, and high-end equipment manufacturing become pillar industrywith global advance technique; new energy, new material and new energy automobile will become forerunner industry. Chinese government and local government will createstrategic plan to support developments of these industries accordingly.
     Strategic emerging industries met with many challenges for us to face, for itsperceptiveness, interdisciplinary and cross-industry complexity, progression growth,sustained development and other characteristics. There are a lot of new subjects to bethoroughly and systematically studied, one of which is how to promote efficient andbalanced development of strategic emerging industries via innovation of financial system.
     It is obvious that the development of strategic emerging industries requires not onlythe macro policy guidance, but also support of financial resources.
     Unfortunately, China's current financial system relies on the basis of development oftraditional industries in the past30years which means it is lagged, mismatched and lack ofinnovation. Therefore, it is an important subject as to how to build proper financingsystems and patterns fitting the emerging industries.
     Currently, China academia focus more on the natural, development history and policyframework of emerging industries with concern of industrial economics, and have achievedmany consensus. However, we are lack of systematic research on financing pattern ofemerging industry.
     In this article, the author starts from corresponding characteristics of emergingindustry and financing theories, and then analyzes the status quo of financing patterns bycomparison between domestic and offshore, attempting to build a systematic financingmode, with a specially focus on operation risks and financial characteristics in differentstages of industrial life cycle. And at last, it explores the application of preferred stock andthe preferred stock package.
     Specifically, the main contents of the dissertation are as follows: Chapter1describesthe background and significance of the study, gives a summary of relevant literature ofboth home and abroad so as to interpret the basis of this study and its relevant approach.Further along this line, it concludes the main contributions of this dissertation as well as itsshortcomings. Chapter2covers the theoretical part. The author defines the nature andcharacteristics of emerging industries, then makes an analysis of the difference betweenmarket-oriented and policy-oriented financing models to further dig into how financingissues affect the development of emerging industry. In Chapter3, by taking financingmodels from developed countries including US, Japan and Germany as role model, the author aims to arrive at some valuable inspirations by comparing their characteristics.Chapter4introduces China's strategic emerging industry development and performs aresearch on financing resources available to emerging industries in the different stages oflife cycle, featured with their traits. It also discusses about the financing efficiency byusing samples of public listed companies and demonstrates the financing resourcesmismatch caused by finance system and patterns, in different lifecycle stages of emergingindustries. In Chapter5, the author explores the feasibilities of different innovation routesof emerging industry financing from the macro-policy aspect. Potential measures includes:government sponsored financing vehicles, intellectual property backed commercialmortgage, innovative bond, innovative VC-PE business model, preferred stock mechanism,multi-model risk allocation financing and etc. In Chapter6, the author performs casestudies on emerging strategic industry financing, namely focus on Alibaba’s financingmodel, to surmise the lesson we learned from current finance model selection. Chapter7isthe conclusion part in which it discusses the potential further research of this research field.
引文
[1] Allen F.. Stock markets and resource allocation[M].Cambridge University Press,1993.
    [2] Amit R., Brander J., Zott C..Why do venture capital firms exist? Theory and Canadianevidence[J].Journal of Business Venturing,1998,13:441 466.
    [3] Baker M.,Wurgler J..Market Timing and Capital Structure[J].Journal of Finance,2002,57:1-32.
    [4] Beck T.,Demirguc-Kunt A.,MaksiovicV..Bank competition and access to finance:International Evidence[J].Journal of Money,Credit and Banking,2006,36:627-648.
    [5] Bergemann D., Hege U..Venture Capital Financing,Moral Hazard,and Learning[J].Journal of Banking and Finance,1998,22:703-735
    [6] Berger A. N.,Udell G.F..The economics of small business finance:the roles of privateequity and debt markets in the financial growth cycle[J].Journal of banking andFinance,1998,22:613-673.
    [7] Binh K.B.,Sang Yong Park&Bo Sung Shin(2005),Financial structure and industrialgrowth:A direct evidence from OECD countries,From:www.fma.org/Siena/Papers/560496.Pdf.
    [8] Bygrave W.,Timmons J..Venture Capital at the Crossroads,Harvard Business SchoolPress,1992.
    [9] Black B.S.,Gilson R..Venture capital and the structure of capital markets:banks versusstock markets[J].Joumal of Finaneial Economies,1998,47:243-277.
    [10] Brown J.R.,Fazzari S.M.,Petersen B.C..Financing innovation and growth:cashflow,equity,and the1990s R&D boom[J].Journal of Finance,2009,LXIV:151-185.
    [11] Casammatta C..Financing and advising:optimal financing contracts with venturecapitalists [J].Journal of Finance,2003,58:2059-2086.
    [12] Compers P.A., and Lenrer J..The Venture Capital Cycle[M].The MIT Press,1999.
    [13] Chan Y.S..On the positive role of financial intermediation in allocation of venturecapital in market with imperfect information[J].Journal of Finance,1983,35:1543-1568.
    [14] Davila A., Foster G.,Guptab M..Venture-capital financing and the growth of startupfirms[J],Journal of Business Venturing,2003(18):689-708.
    [15] Darin M.,Penes M..The Effect of Venture Capital on Innovation Strategies[R].NBERWorking Paper,2007.
    [16] Engel D.,Keilbach M..Firm-level implications of early stage venture capitalinvestment-An empirical investigation[J].Journal of Empirical Finance,2007,14:150-167.
    [17] Fazzari S.M.,Hubbard R.G.,Petersen B.C..Financing constraints and corporateinvestment,From Brooking Papers on Economic Activity,1988,1:141-195.
    [18] Fazzari S.M.,Hubbard R.G.,Petersen B.C..Financing Constraints and CorporateInvestment:Response to Kaplan and Zingales,National Bureau of Economic Research,NBER Working Papers,2000.
    [19] Feldman M.,Kelley M..The extant assessment of knowledge spillovers: GovernmentR&D policy,economic incentives and private firm behavior[J].Research Policy2006,35:1509-1521.
    [20] Greenwald B.,Stliglitz J..Asymmetric information and the new theory of the firm:financial constraints and risk behavior[J].American economic review,1990,80:160-165.
    [21] Gilson R.,Schizer D..Understanding Venture Capital Structure:A Tax Explanation forConvertible Preferred Stock, working paper, Columbia University,2002.
    [22] Hellman T.,Puri M..The interaction between product market and financingstrategy:The role of venture capital[J].Review of financial studies,2000,13:59-84.
    [23] Hellmann T., Puri M..Venture Capital and the Professionalization of Start-up Firms:Empirical Evidence[J].Journal of Finance,2002,57:169-197.
    [24] Himmelberg C.P.,Petersen B.C..R&D and internal finance:a panel study of smallfirms in high-tech industries[J].The Review of Economics and Statistcs,1994,76:38-51.
    [25] Jensen M C.,Meckling W..Theory of the Firm:Managerial Behavior,Agency Costsand Capital Structure[J].Journal of Financial Economics,1976,33:11-25.
    [26] Jensen M C.,Meckling W.. Agency costs of free-cash-flow,corporate finance,andtakeovers[J].American Economic Review,1986,76:323-329.
    [27] Kortum S.,Lerner J..Does venture capital spur innovation? NBER WorkingPaper,1998.
    [28] Kortum S.,Lerner J..Assessing the contribution of venture capital to innovation[J].TheRand Journal of Economics,2000,31:674–692.
    [29] Myers S C..The capital structure puzzle[J].Journal of Finance,1984,39:575-592.
    [30] Myers S C.,Majluf N..Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms haveinformation investors do not have[J].Journal of Financial Economics,1984,13:187-221.
    [31] Modigliani F.,Miller M H..The Cost of Capital,Corporation Finance and the Theory ofInvestment[J].American Economic Review,1958,53:261-297.
    [32] Modigliani F.,Miller M H..Corporate income taxes and the cost of capital: Acorrection[J].American Economic Review,1963,53:433-443.
    [33] Miller M.. Debt and Taxes[J].Journal of Finance,1977,32:261-275.
    [34] Morck R.,Nakamura M..Banks and Corporate Control in Japan[J].Journal ofFinance,1999,54:319-340.
    [35] Pender M..The impact of venture capital on innovation behavior and firmgrowth,unpublished working paper Austrian Institute of Economic Research,AUS.,2008.
    [36] Petersen M A.,Rajan R G..The benefits of lending relationships: Evidence from smallbusiness data[J].Journal of Finance,1994,49:3-37.
    [37] Petersen, M.A.,Rajan R G..The effect of credit market competition on firm creditorrelationships[J].Quarterly Journal of Economics,1995,111:407-443.
    [38] Stulz R..Managerial discretion and optimal financing policies[J].Journal of FinancialEconomics,1990,26:3-27.
    [39] Schmidt K M..Convertible Securities and Venture Capital Finance[C].workingpaper,Stanford University and University of Munich,2002.
    [40] Quinn J.B.. Intelligent Enterprise[M].Free Press,1992.
    [1]程新章,吴勇刚.中国发展战略性新兴产业的政策选择—主流经济学和演化经济学的比较分析[J].江苏社会科学,2011(1):90-100.
    [2]宾建成.国际战略性新兴产业发展趋势与中国对策[J].亚太经济,2012(1):99-103.
    [3]曾康霖.怎样看待直接融资与间接融资[J].西南金融,1993(11):30-32,26.
    [4]李红霞.美、日、德企业融资模式比较与借鉴[J].财经问题研究,2003(12):21-25.
    [5]张湧.以全能银行为基础的德国企业融资模式评述[J].经济评论,2004(1):88-92.
    [6]张湧.市场主导型融资模式研究[M].上海:学林出版社,2005.
    [7]杨宜,程翔.我国高科技中小企业融资模式选择—西方融资模式的借鉴和发展[J].中国科技论坛,2007(7):141-144.
    [8]人民银行南京分行营业管理部青年课题组.金融支持科技创新路径研究—对成长型高科技中小企业融资模式的探讨[J].金融纵横,2011(12):3-9,15.
    [9]胡海峰,胡吉亚.美日德战略性新兴产业融资机制比较分析及对中国的启示[J].经济理论与经济管理,2011(8):62-74.
    [10]熊广勤.战略性新兴产业发展的金融支持国际比较研究[J].现代管理科学,2012(1):89-91.
    [11]李战奇.金融支持江苏省战略性新兴产业的路径与对策研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2011.
    [12]张伯一.金融支持郴州战略性新兴产业发展的调查与思考[J].武汉金融,2011(9):62-64.
    [13]李文增.战略性新兴产业发展的现代金融服务体系研究—以天津滨海高新区的发展为例[J].天津师范大学学报(社会科学版),2010(5):63-67.
    [14]张琦.支持战略性新兴产业发展的金融创新研究—以长沙市为例[J].湖南商学院学报,2011(2):57-59.
    [15]王宇伟,范从来.发展战略性新兴产业的金融支持—江苏省建设区域性私募股权投资中心的考察[J].现代经济探讨,2011(4):47-51.
    [16]熊正德,林雪.战略性新兴产业上市公司金融支持效率及其影响因素研究[J].经济管理,2010(11):26-33.
    [17]韩慧敏.产业结构调整中的金融支持研究[D].北京:中共中央党校,2006.
    [18]熊良俊.以金融助推战略性新兴产业腾飞[J].中国金融,2010(22):83-85.
    [19]左传长.战略性新兴产业融资方略探讨[J].中国物价,2012(4):31-32,43.
    [20]汪文祥.完善我国战略性新兴产业投融资机制的对策建议[J].中国经贸导刊,2012(3):41-43.
    [21]吕铁,余剑.金融支持战略性新兴产业发展的实践创新-存在问题及政策建议[J].宏观经济研究,2012(5):18-26.
    [22]顾海峰.战略性新兴产业培育、升级与金融支持[J].改革,2011(2):29-34.
    [23]王兰军.战略性新兴产业需要金融创新[J].中国金融,2011(3):48-50.
    [24]顾海峰.战略性新兴产业演进的金融支持体系及政策研究—基于市场性金融的支持视角[J].经济问题探索,2011(11):74-78.
    [25]顾海峰.战略性新兴产业演进的金融支持体系及政策研究—基于政策性金融的支持视角[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2011(7):98-103.
    [26]李朝晖.建立国家级战略性新兴产业创业投资引导基金的对策建议[J].现代经济探讨,2011(10):39-43.
    [27]李宏舟.战略性新兴产业与创业投资体系[J].财经问题研究,2012(4):22-29.
    [28]纪玉山,孙海梅.促进战略性新兴产业发展的风险投资策略研究[J].税务与经济,2012(1):1-8.
    [29]郭淑娟,常京萍.战略性新兴产业知识产权质押融资模式运作及其政策配置[J].中国科技论坛,2012(1):120-125.
    [30]黎四奇.知识产权质押融资的障碍及其克服[J].理论探索,2008(4):139-142.
    [31]杨松堂.知识产权质押融资中的资产评估[J].中国金融,2007(5):16-17.
    [32]孙汉鼎.发展战略性新兴产业中商业银行面临的机遇与挑战[J].金融发展研究,2011(2):65-67.
    [33]刘志彪.科技银行功能构建:商业银行支持战略性新兴产业发展的关键问题研究[J].南京社会科学,2011(4):1-7.
    [34]王林.战略性新兴产业潜在风险及商业银行支持问题研究[J].农村金融研究,2011(7):39-42.
    [35]陈德棉,蔡莉.风险投资:运行机制与管理[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2003.
    [36]胡鞍钢.知识与发展—21世纪新追赶战略[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1999.
    [37]杨兴全.上市公司融资效率问题研究[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2005.
    [38]王玉荣.中国上市公司融资结构与公司绩效[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2005.
    [39]陆正飞等.中国上市公司融资行为与融资结构研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005.
    [40]刘建军,温元凯.融资—奔向香港资本市场[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2010.
    [41]范拓源,尤建新.战略性新兴产业发展规划与管理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011.
    [42]刘红梅,王克强.中国企业融资市场研究[M].北京:中国物价出版社,2002.
    [43]梁鸿飞.企业融资与信用能力[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
    [44]黄泰岩,侯利.企业融资结构的国际比较[J].中国工业经济,2001(4):69-77.
    [45]高劲.股票定价机制与股权融资[M].江西:江西人民出版社,2007.
    [46]熊广琴.战略性新兴产业发展的金融支持国际比较研究[J].现代管理科学,2012(1):89-91.
    [47]晋自力.融资模式的比较分析及其启示[J].中国管理信息化,2008(2):49-52.
    [48]杨宜,程翔.我国高科技中小企业融资模式选择-西方融资模式的借鉴和发展[J].中国科技论坛,2007(7):141-144.
    [49]马岩.美国支持战略性新兴产业的财税与金融政策及总结[J].时代金融,2012(3):265-266.
    [50]邓平.中国科技创新的金融支持研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2009.
    [51]丁锦希,顾艳,王颖玮.中日知识产权融资制度的比较分析—基于创新药物专利质押融资现状的案例研究[J].现代日本经济,2011(3):11-19.
    [52]周晶,何锦义.战略性新兴产业统计标准研究[J].统计研究,2011(10):3-8.
    [53]韩雪莲,谢理,赵文霞.战略性新兴产业中的企业进入、时机与绩效——基于180家上市公司的实证分析[J].财经问题研究,2011(4):45-52.
    [54]屈耀辉,傅元略.优序融资理论的中国上市公司数据验证——兼对股权融资偏好再检验[J].财经研究,2007(2):108-118.
    [55]李传宪,朱渝.民营上市公司资本结构与股权再融资绩效[J].经济问题,2011(2):57-60.
    [56]凌江怀,胡雯蓉.企业规模、融资结构与经营绩效—基于战略性新兴产业和传统产业对比的研究[J].财贸经济,2012(12):71-77.
    [57]张洁倩.我国知识产权质押融资模式多元化的思考[J].武汉金融,2011(4):40-42.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700