盐化物自融雪沥青路面性能研究
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摘要
积雪结冰会降低冰雪路面的摩擦系数,严重危害影响道路的行车安全成为困扰道路管理部门的难题,如何科学有效地解决这一难题成为各界人士关注的焦点。盐化物自融雪沥青混合料是一种新型路面材料,该材料沥青路面在解决这个问题上开辟了一种新方法。采用盐化物替代不同粒径矿料的方法直接添加到混合料中形成的沥青混合料,由于遇到水分后,盐化物中有效成分与水形成了溶液,降低了水的冰点,从而达到抑制道路表面结冰和自动融化道路积雪的作用。本文对盐化物自融雪沥青路面的融雪机理与路用性能展开系统研究。
论文采用密度等效替代法确定出自融雪沥青混合料的盐化物掺量,试验研究表明盐化物自融雪沥青混合料的水稳定性、高温稳定性及低温抗裂性等常规路用性能均能满足使用要求,并提出试验过程中的注意事项。基于稀溶液蒸气压下降理论分析了盐化物降低路表雨雪冰点的作用机理,分析了不同类型盐化物沥青路面自融雪的作用过程。重点针对盐化物自融雪沥青路面的融雪特点,提出采用延缓冻结、薄冰试件摆式仪测定、积雪融化、加速融化等试验方法评价其短期融雪效果,采用盐化物有效成分的自然浸泡溶出及加速溶出等试验方法评价其长期融雪效果,试验结果表明盐化物自融雪沥青混合料融雪性能优良,但是其浸水作用下的长期稳定性较之普通沥青混合料稍差。在我国沥青及沥青混合料气候分区的基础上,分析了温度、降雨持续时间等因素对盐化物析出的影响,提出盐化物自融雪沥青路面的气候分区,并在此基础上提出不同分区盐化物自融雪沥青混合料配合比设计的指导原则。最后,总结国内外盐化物自融雪沥青路面的铺筑经验,总结提出了盐化物白融雪沥青路面的施工工艺,及盐化物有效成分的确认方法。
Road Icy can make friction coefficient of road surface too low to seriously affect transportation security, which is a difficult problem for administrator. How to scientifically and effectively solve the problem becomes the focus of all circles. The asphalt pavement with snow melt salt has opened up a new method in solving this problem. Salt is added into asphalt mixture directly to replace the different parts of mineral aggregates to format new asphalt mixture. The active ingredients in salt becomes solution when salt encounter with water. Freezing temperature of water is reduced, which can realize the purpose of anti-freezing and snow melting. The snow melt mechanism and road performance of asphalt pavement with snow melt salt are systematically studied in this paper.
The. salt content of asphalt mixture with snow melt salt is detemined by density equivalent substitution method. The results of tests indicate that the conventional road performance such as the water stability, the high temperature stability, the low temperature anti-crack performance can satisfy requirement. Matters which should be paid attention in the testing process are proposed. The mechanism of reducing the freezing temperature of water is explained based on the vapor pressure drop theory. The melting processes of asphalt pavement with different kinds of snow melt salt are analyzed. Focusing on the snow melt characteristics of asphalt pavement with snow melt salt, freezing delayed, thin ice pendulum tester method, snow melting and melting accelerating method are used to evaluate its short-term snow melt effect. The method of effective ingredients of salt dissolving out when soaked, accelerate dissolution and other test methods are adopted to evaluate its long-term snow melt effect. The results of tests show that its snow melting performance is good. But its long-term water stability is a bit poorer than common asphalt xiture.The influences of some factors such as temperature, rainfall duration to salt dissolving are analyzed based on asphalt mixture climate zone. The climate zone of asphalt pavement with snow melt salt is proposed, and based on which, the guiding principle of asphalt pavement with snow melt salt design for different climate zones is proposed. Finally, asphalt pavement with snow melt salt paved experience at home and abroad is summarized. The construction technique of asphalt pavement with snow melt salt and the validation method of effective ingredients are proposed.
论文采用密度等效替代法确定出自融雪沥青混合料的盐化物掺量,试验研究表明盐化物自融雪沥青混合料的水稳定性、高温稳定性及低温抗裂性等常规路用性能均能满足使用要求,并提出试验过程中的注意事项。基于稀溶液蒸气压下降理论分析了盐化物降低路表雨雪冰点的作用机理,分析了不同类型盐化物沥青路面自融雪的作用过程。重点针对盐化物自融雪沥青路面的融雪特点,提出采用延缓冻结、薄冰试件摆式仪测定、积雪融化、加速融化等试验方法评价其短期融雪效果,采用盐化物有效成分的自然浸泡溶出及加速溶出等试验方法评价其长期融雪效果,试验结果表明盐化物自融雪沥青混合料融雪性能优良,但是其浸水作用下的长期稳定性较之普通沥青混合料稍差。在我国沥青及沥青混合料气候分区的基础上,分析了温度、降雨持续时间等因素对盐化物析出的影响,提出盐化物自融雪沥青路面的气候分区,并在此基础上提出不同分区盐化物自融雪沥青混合料配合比设计的指导原则。最后,总结国内外盐化物自融雪沥青路面的铺筑经验,总结提出了盐化物白融雪沥青路面的施工工艺,及盐化物有效成分的确认方法。
Road Icy can make friction coefficient of road surface too low to seriously affect transportation security, which is a difficult problem for administrator. How to scientifically and effectively solve the problem becomes the focus of all circles. The asphalt pavement with snow melt salt has opened up a new method in solving this problem. Salt is added into asphalt mixture directly to replace the different parts of mineral aggregates to format new asphalt mixture. The active ingredients in salt becomes solution when salt encounter with water. Freezing temperature of water is reduced, which can realize the purpose of anti-freezing and snow melting. The snow melt mechanism and road performance of asphalt pavement with snow melt salt are systematically studied in this paper.
The. salt content of asphalt mixture with snow melt salt is detemined by density equivalent substitution method. The results of tests indicate that the conventional road performance such as the water stability, the high temperature stability, the low temperature anti-crack performance can satisfy requirement. Matters which should be paid attention in the testing process are proposed. The mechanism of reducing the freezing temperature of water is explained based on the vapor pressure drop theory. The melting processes of asphalt pavement with different kinds of snow melt salt are analyzed. Focusing on the snow melt characteristics of asphalt pavement with snow melt salt, freezing delayed, thin ice pendulum tester method, snow melting and melting accelerating method are used to evaluate its short-term snow melt effect. The method of effective ingredients of salt dissolving out when soaked, accelerate dissolution and other test methods are adopted to evaluate its long-term snow melt effect. The results of tests show that its snow melting performance is good. But its long-term water stability is a bit poorer than common asphalt xiture.The influences of some factors such as temperature, rainfall duration to salt dissolving are analyzed based on asphalt mixture climate zone. The climate zone of asphalt pavement with snow melt salt is proposed, and based on which, the guiding principle of asphalt pavement with snow melt salt design for different climate zones is proposed. Finally, asphalt pavement with snow melt salt paved experience at home and abroad is summarized. The construction technique of asphalt pavement with snow melt salt and the validation method of effective ingredients are proposed.
引文
[1]李昌龙,付俊荣,吕金林.试论高速公路冬季除雪防滑[J].东北公路2001,24(2)：3-6
[2]傅沛兴.北京道路冬季融雪问题的研究[J].市政技术,2001,29(4)：54-59
[3]Makkonen, Lasse, Ahti, Kari. Climatie Mapping of Ice Loads Based on Airport WeatherObservations[J].Atmospheric Researeh,1995,36(3):139-143
[4]唐祖全,李卓球,侯作富,等.导电混凝土电热除冰化雪的功率分析[J].重庆建筑大学学报.2002,24(3)：102-105
[5]张炳臣,刘淑敏.冬季道路除雪方式的探讨[J].山东交通科技.2004,1：76-77
[6]田晋跃.国外道路除雪机械技术发展概况[J].专用汽车.2001(4)：43-44.
[7]邓洪超,马文星,荆宝德.道路冰雪清除技术及发展趋势[J].工程机械,2005(12)：41-44
[8]磨炼同.导电沥青混凝土的制备与研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院,2004：1-6
[9]吴鹏鸣.环境空气监测质量保证手册[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,1989.
[10]韩立军,董继先.高等级公路冬季机械除雪养护方法的探讨[J].科技与经济,2004,(3)：14-16
[11]范杰,马颖.除雪剂在除雪中的应用及对环境危害的防治[J].重庆交通学院学报,2007,26(3)：78-81
[12]Cundy, V.A., J.E.Nydahl, K.M.Pell.Geothermal Heating of Bridge Deeks[C].Seeond International Snow Removal and Ice Researeh SymPosium, Hanover, NewHampshire, May 1978
[13]Sherif Yehia, Christopher Y.Tuan.Conduetive Conerete Overlay for Bridge Deek Deieing [J].ACIMaterialsjournal,1999,96(3):382-390
[14]Benjajnin T Green, Kerop D Janoyan.Use of Eleetrieally Conduetive Conerete Overlays For Passive Control of Snowand Ice on Road[C].International Conferenee on Energy Environment and Disasters, Charlotte, NC, USA, July,2005:795-801
[15]P.J.Tumidajski, P.Xie, M.Arott, J.J.Beaudoin.Overlay Current in a Conduetive Conerete Snow Melting System [J].Cement and Conerete Researeh,2003,33(11):1807-1809
[16]小栗学,下道钝.最近の凉结抑制铺装いついて明.朋凳土木研究所月报,1999(2)：33-37
[17]冻结抑制铺装技衍研究会.冻结抑制铺装ポグツトフツク[Z].东京,2003
[18]骆虹,罗立斌,张晶.融雪剂对环境的影响及对策[J].中国环境监测,2004,20(1)：55-57
[19]洪乃丰.再议“盐害”与融雪剂[J].城市与减灾,2003,1：29-32
[20]舒圣译.融雪剂污染暴露救灾理性不足[EB/OL].中国网,2008
[21]冻结抑制舗装技术研究会.日本における冻结抑制舗装の现状と评价方法.ⅩⅠth PIARCInternational Winter Road Congress 2002, January 2002
[22]沥青及沥青混合料试验规程(JTJ 052-2000) [S]北京：人民交通出版社,2000
[23]武海琴.发热电缆用于路面融雪化冰的技术研究[D].北京：北京工业大学建筑工程学,2005：1-4
[24]公路沥青路面施工技术规范(JTG F40-2004) [S]北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[25]李平,张争奇等.沥青胶浆粘度特性研究[J].交通运输工程学报,2008,8(2)：49-52
[26]李平,芦军等.沥青混合料用矿粉性能指标研究[J].中国公路学报：2008,21(4)：6-10
[27]张争奇,王永财.沥青胶浆对沥青混合料高低温性能的影响[J].长安大学学报：自然科学版,2006,26(2)：1-5
[28]沈金安.沥青及沥青混合料路用性能[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001
[29]顾国芳,浦鸿汀.化学建材用助剂原理与应用[M].北京市：化学工业出版社,2003
[30]印永嘉,王雪琳,奚正楷.物理化学简明教程[M].北京市：高等教育出版社,2009.12
[31]刘晓鸿.RUBBIT设计与研究[D].哈尔滨建筑大学硕士学位论文,2000
[32]仁平阳一郎,浅野 基榭,宫本 修司,及川秀一.车雨走行ガ雪水路面に与える影响いついて[J].北海道开登土木研究所月报,2001(581)：41-45
[33]张洪伟.橡胶颗粒除冰雪沥青路面的研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2009
[34]公路路基路面现场测试技术(JTG E60—2008) [s].北京：人民交通出版社,2008
[2]傅沛兴.北京道路冬季融雪问题的研究[J].市政技术,2001,29(4)：54-59
[3]Makkonen, Lasse, Ahti, Kari. Climatie Mapping of Ice Loads Based on Airport WeatherObservations[J].Atmospheric Researeh,1995,36(3):139-143
[4]唐祖全,李卓球,侯作富,等.导电混凝土电热除冰化雪的功率分析[J].重庆建筑大学学报.2002,24(3)：102-105
[5]张炳臣,刘淑敏.冬季道路除雪方式的探讨[J].山东交通科技.2004,1：76-77
[6]田晋跃.国外道路除雪机械技术发展概况[J].专用汽车.2001(4)：43-44.
[7]邓洪超,马文星,荆宝德.道路冰雪清除技术及发展趋势[J].工程机械,2005(12)：41-44
[8]磨炼同.导电沥青混凝土的制备与研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学材料科学与工程学院,2004：1-6
[9]吴鹏鸣.环境空气监测质量保证手册[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,1989.
[10]韩立军,董继先.高等级公路冬季机械除雪养护方法的探讨[J].科技与经济,2004,(3)：14-16
[11]范杰,马颖.除雪剂在除雪中的应用及对环境危害的防治[J].重庆交通学院学报,2007,26(3)：78-81
[12]Cundy, V.A., J.E.Nydahl, K.M.Pell.Geothermal Heating of Bridge Deeks[C].Seeond International Snow Removal and Ice Researeh SymPosium, Hanover, NewHampshire, May 1978
[13]Sherif Yehia, Christopher Y.Tuan.Conduetive Conerete Overlay for Bridge Deek Deieing [J].ACIMaterialsjournal,1999,96(3):382-390
[14]Benjajnin T Green, Kerop D Janoyan.Use of Eleetrieally Conduetive Conerete Overlays For Passive Control of Snowand Ice on Road[C].International Conferenee on Energy Environment and Disasters, Charlotte, NC, USA, July,2005:795-801
[15]P.J.Tumidajski, P.Xie, M.Arott, J.J.Beaudoin.Overlay Current in a Conduetive Conerete Snow Melting System [J].Cement and Conerete Researeh,2003,33(11):1807-1809
[16]小栗学,下道钝.最近の凉结抑制铺装いついて明.朋凳土木研究所月报,1999(2)：33-37
[17]冻结抑制铺装技衍研究会.冻结抑制铺装ポグツトフツク[Z].东京,2003
[18]骆虹,罗立斌,张晶.融雪剂对环境的影响及对策[J].中国环境监测,2004,20(1)：55-57
[19]洪乃丰.再议“盐害”与融雪剂[J].城市与减灾,2003,1：29-32
[20]舒圣译.融雪剂污染暴露救灾理性不足[EB/OL].中国网,2008
[21]冻结抑制舗装技术研究会.日本における冻结抑制舗装の现状と评价方法.ⅩⅠth PIARCInternational Winter Road Congress 2002, January 2002
[22]沥青及沥青混合料试验规程(JTJ 052-2000) [S]北京：人民交通出版社,2000
[23]武海琴.发热电缆用于路面融雪化冰的技术研究[D].北京：北京工业大学建筑工程学,2005：1-4
[24]公路沥青路面施工技术规范(JTG F40-2004) [S]北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[25]李平,张争奇等.沥青胶浆粘度特性研究[J].交通运输工程学报,2008,8(2)：49-52
[26]李平,芦军等.沥青混合料用矿粉性能指标研究[J].中国公路学报：2008,21(4)：6-10
[27]张争奇,王永财.沥青胶浆对沥青混合料高低温性能的影响[J].长安大学学报：自然科学版,2006,26(2)：1-5
[28]沈金安.沥青及沥青混合料路用性能[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001
[29]顾国芳,浦鸿汀.化学建材用助剂原理与应用[M].北京市：化学工业出版社,2003
[30]印永嘉,王雪琳,奚正楷.物理化学简明教程[M].北京市：高等教育出版社,2009.12
[31]刘晓鸿.RUBBIT设计与研究[D].哈尔滨建筑大学硕士学位论文,2000
[32]仁平阳一郎,浅野 基榭,宫本 修司,及川秀一.车雨走行ガ雪水路面に与える影响いついて[J].北海道开登土木研究所月报,2001(581)：41-45
[33]张洪伟.橡胶颗粒除冰雪沥青路面的研究[D].长安大学硕士学位论文,2009
[34]公路路基路面现场测试技术(JTG E60—2008) [s].北京：人民交通出版社,2008