用于卫星通信的圆极化天线及CTS阵列天线的研究
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摘要
随着信息技术的不断发展，通信业务的不断拓宽，卫星通信的应用领域越来越广泛并逐步成为重要的通信手段。因此，为了适应现代通信的发展，圆极化、宽波束、倾斜波束、低副瓣和波束扫描等成为天线技术发展的重要研究方向。本论文结合科研课题，为满足卫星通信系统的需求，对单臂螺旋天线、四臂螺旋天线、圆极化微带缝隙天线及CTS阵列天线进行了深入的研究。作者的主要研究成果可概括为：
1.对单臂螺旋天线进行了研究。针对卫星通信系统对天线小型化、倾斜波束的需求，设计了两种分别应用于地面固定站和载体卫星通信系统的单臂螺旋天线。包括带有加载板的轴向模单臂螺旋天线阵列，通过加载短路板可在较低高度下获得较高的增益；采用不对称螺旋臂绕制的锥向模单臂螺旋天线，利用螺旋臂的不对称电流分布实现了较好的波束下倾辐射特性。测试结果表明，上述单臂螺旋天线均具有良好的电性能。
2.对四臂螺旋天线及馈电网络进行了研究。针对卫星通信系统对天线小型化、宽波束的需求，设计了三种集成不同馈电网络的宽波束四臂螺旋天线。包括采用折叠臂技术的折叠四臂螺旋天线及小型化馈电网络；采用弯臂耦合技术的耦合四臂螺旋天线及组合馈电网络；采用多臂组合技术的宽带四臂螺旋天线及宽带馈电网络。测试结果表明，上述四臂螺旋天线均具有良好的电性能。
3.对圆极化微带缝隙天线进行了研究。针对卫星通信系统对宽频带圆极化的需求，设计了两种宽缝圆极化天线阵列。包括带有改进馈电网络的共面波导馈电的宽缝圆极化天线阵列；带有新型串联馈电网络的非对称共面波导馈电的宽缝圆极化天线阵列。测试结果表明，上述圆极化微带天线均具有良好的电性能。
4.对基于SIW的低副瓣CTS天线阵列进行了研究。针对卫星通信系统对天线低剖面、低副瓣的需求，设计了一种新型的SIW-CTS天线阵列。研究了CTS天线的基本理论、单元间互耦特性和辐射特性，采用差分进化算法进行了低副瓣优化，设计了宽带馈电网络。仿真结果表明，设计的CTS天线阵列具有良好的电性能。
5.对VICTS阵列天线进行了研究。针对移动卫星通信系统对天线跟踪的需求，对具有波束扫描特性的VICTS阵列天线进行了初步研究。讨论了VICTS阵列天线的基本理论及分析方法，设计了VICTS天线单元并组阵扫描，对波束扫描中出现的若干问题进行了分析和讨论。
With the constant development of information technology and the spread ofcommunication business, the application domain of satellite communication becomesincreasingly wide and it gradually becomes an important mode of communication.Therefore, in order to adapt to the development of modern communication, circularlypolarized, wide beam, sloping beam, low sidelobe and beam scanning become theimportant research directions of the development of antenna technology. Combined withthe scientific research projects, this dissertation makes intensive researches on thehelical antenna, the quadrifilar helical antenna, the circularly polarized microstrip slotantenna and the CTS array antenna to meet the needs of satellite communicationsystems. The author's major contributions are outlined as follows:
1. Two helical antennas are studied. In view of the demands of the satellitecommunication system for the miniaturization and tilted beam of antennas, two helicalantennas used in the ground and the carrier satellite communication system are designed,respectively. Firstly, an axial mode helical antenna array with loading plates is designed,which can obtain a higher gain under a lower height by loading the shorted plate.Secondly, a cone mode helical antenna winded by asymmetric helical arms is designed,which achieves radiation characteristics of tilted beam by using the asymmetric currentdistribution of helical arms. The measured results show that both of the designed helicalantennas have good electrical performances.
2. Three quadrifilar helix antennas with feeding networks are studied. In view ofthe demands of the satellite communication system for the miniaturization and widebeamwidth of antennas, three wide beam quadrifilar helix antennas integrated withfeeding networks are designed. Firstly, a folding quadrifilar helix antenna using thetechnology of arm folding and its miniaturized feeding network is designed. Secondly, acoupling quadrifilar helix antenna using the technology of bent arm coupling and itscombination of feeding network is designed. Thirdly, a wideband quadrifilar helixantenna using the technology of dobby combination and its wideband feeding networkis designed. The experimental results show that all of the designed quadrifilar helixantennas have good electrical performances.
3. Two circularly polarized microstrip slot antennas are studied. In view of thedemands of the satellite communication system for the broadband circularly polarizationof antennas, two circularly polarized slot antenna arrays are designed. Firstly, a broadband coplanar waveguide fed circularly polarized slot antenna arrays with animproved feeding network is designed. Secondly, a broadband circularly polarized slotantenna arrays fed by asymmetrical coplanar waveguide with a novel series feedingnetwork is designed. The experimental results show that the designed circularlypolarized microstrip slot antenna arrays have good electrical performances.
4. A low sidelobe CTS antenna array based on SIW is studied. In view of thedemands of the satellite communication system for the low profile and low sidelobeperformances of antennas, a novel SIW-CTS antenna array is designed. Firstly, the basictheory of CTS antenna, the mutual coupling and radiation characteristics betweenantenna elements are studied. Secondly, the low sidelobe optimization is performed byusing the differential evolution algorithm, and then the wideband feed network isdesigned. The simulation results show that the designed CTS antenna array has goodelectrical performances.
5. A VICTS antenna array is studied. In view of of the mobile satellitecommunication system for antenna tracking, the VICTS antenna array with the featureof beam scanning is preliminary studied. Firstly, the basic theory and analysis method ofthe VICTS antenna array are discussed. Secondly, the element of the VICTS antenna isdesigned and the array scanning is performed. Finally, some problems arising frombeam scanning are discussed.
1.对单臂螺旋天线进行了研究。针对卫星通信系统对天线小型化、倾斜波束的需求，设计了两种分别应用于地面固定站和载体卫星通信系统的单臂螺旋天线。包括带有加载板的轴向模单臂螺旋天线阵列，通过加载短路板可在较低高度下获得较高的增益；采用不对称螺旋臂绕制的锥向模单臂螺旋天线，利用螺旋臂的不对称电流分布实现了较好的波束下倾辐射特性。测试结果表明，上述单臂螺旋天线均具有良好的电性能。
2.对四臂螺旋天线及馈电网络进行了研究。针对卫星通信系统对天线小型化、宽波束的需求，设计了三种集成不同馈电网络的宽波束四臂螺旋天线。包括采用折叠臂技术的折叠四臂螺旋天线及小型化馈电网络；采用弯臂耦合技术的耦合四臂螺旋天线及组合馈电网络；采用多臂组合技术的宽带四臂螺旋天线及宽带馈电网络。测试结果表明，上述四臂螺旋天线均具有良好的电性能。
3.对圆极化微带缝隙天线进行了研究。针对卫星通信系统对宽频带圆极化的需求，设计了两种宽缝圆极化天线阵列。包括带有改进馈电网络的共面波导馈电的宽缝圆极化天线阵列；带有新型串联馈电网络的非对称共面波导馈电的宽缝圆极化天线阵列。测试结果表明，上述圆极化微带天线均具有良好的电性能。
4.对基于SIW的低副瓣CTS天线阵列进行了研究。针对卫星通信系统对天线低剖面、低副瓣的需求，设计了一种新型的SIW-CTS天线阵列。研究了CTS天线的基本理论、单元间互耦特性和辐射特性，采用差分进化算法进行了低副瓣优化，设计了宽带馈电网络。仿真结果表明，设计的CTS天线阵列具有良好的电性能。
5.对VICTS阵列天线进行了研究。针对移动卫星通信系统对天线跟踪的需求，对具有波束扫描特性的VICTS阵列天线进行了初步研究。讨论了VICTS阵列天线的基本理论及分析方法，设计了VICTS天线单元并组阵扫描，对波束扫描中出现的若干问题进行了分析和讨论。
With the constant development of information technology and the spread ofcommunication business, the application domain of satellite communication becomesincreasingly wide and it gradually becomes an important mode of communication.Therefore, in order to adapt to the development of modern communication, circularlypolarized, wide beam, sloping beam, low sidelobe and beam scanning become theimportant research directions of the development of antenna technology. Combined withthe scientific research projects, this dissertation makes intensive researches on thehelical antenna, the quadrifilar helical antenna, the circularly polarized microstrip slotantenna and the CTS array antenna to meet the needs of satellite communicationsystems. The author's major contributions are outlined as follows:
1. Two helical antennas are studied. In view of the demands of the satellitecommunication system for the miniaturization and tilted beam of antennas, two helicalantennas used in the ground and the carrier satellite communication system are designed,respectively. Firstly, an axial mode helical antenna array with loading plates is designed,which can obtain a higher gain under a lower height by loading the shorted plate.Secondly, a cone mode helical antenna winded by asymmetric helical arms is designed,which achieves radiation characteristics of tilted beam by using the asymmetric currentdistribution of helical arms. The measured results show that both of the designed helicalantennas have good electrical performances.
2. Three quadrifilar helix antennas with feeding networks are studied. In view ofthe demands of the satellite communication system for the miniaturization and widebeamwidth of antennas, three wide beam quadrifilar helix antennas integrated withfeeding networks are designed. Firstly, a folding quadrifilar helix antenna using thetechnology of arm folding and its miniaturized feeding network is designed. Secondly, acoupling quadrifilar helix antenna using the technology of bent arm coupling and itscombination of feeding network is designed. Thirdly, a wideband quadrifilar helixantenna using the technology of dobby combination and its wideband feeding networkis designed. The experimental results show that all of the designed quadrifilar helixantennas have good electrical performances.
3. Two circularly polarized microstrip slot antennas are studied. In view of thedemands of the satellite communication system for the broadband circularly polarizationof antennas, two circularly polarized slot antenna arrays are designed. Firstly, a broadband coplanar waveguide fed circularly polarized slot antenna arrays with animproved feeding network is designed. Secondly, a broadband circularly polarized slotantenna arrays fed by asymmetrical coplanar waveguide with a novel series feedingnetwork is designed. The experimental results show that the designed circularlypolarized microstrip slot antenna arrays have good electrical performances.
4. A low sidelobe CTS antenna array based on SIW is studied. In view of thedemands of the satellite communication system for the low profile and low sidelobeperformances of antennas, a novel SIW-CTS antenna array is designed. Firstly, the basictheory of CTS antenna, the mutual coupling and radiation characteristics betweenantenna elements are studied. Secondly, the low sidelobe optimization is performed byusing the differential evolution algorithm, and then the wideband feed network isdesigned. The simulation results show that the designed CTS antenna array has goodelectrical performances.
5. A VICTS antenna array is studied. In view of of the mobile satellitecommunication system for antenna tracking, the VICTS antenna array with the featureof beam scanning is preliminary studied. Firstly, the basic theory and analysis method ofthe VICTS antenna array are discussed. Secondly, the element of the VICTS antenna isdesigned and the array scanning is performed. Finally, some problems arising frombeam scanning are discussed.
引文
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