超宽带双极化天线的设计
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摘要
近年来，随着通信系统的不断发展与微电子器件的技术工艺提高，超宽带天线技术也开始从军事技术渐渐向民用技术转变，同时，天线的双极化技术也在不断发展，天线的双极化有利于极化复用，或者实现收发同工。在地面通信中，双极化天线可以实现极化分集通信，同时也让通信系统有更好的抗多径衰落特性；在卫星通信中可以实现收发的极化隔离。超宽带双极化天线技术也就成为了现在的热点话题。
本文首先介绍了天线的极化理论分析，考察了通常用于实现线极化设计的基本单元：微带结构、对称振子、单极子天线、环天线和喇叭天线，分析了其形成线极化波的原因以及各种发展和变化。选择对称振子变化来的圆盘偶极子天线进行深入研究。
在分析了圆盘偶极子的结构设计及超宽带特性，线极化特性的基础上，对圆盘偶极子提出了改进方案，电气性能上通过在馈电点连接小圆盘寄生结构以提升高频段天线性能，物理结构上通过添加介质板为天线提供物理支撑并改善天线的低频特性。
在此基础上，设计了连续嵌套两个半径渐变的圆盘结构的超宽带线极化天线单元。仿真数据天线在4-40GHz内驻波比<2.5 ,交叉极化<-30dB。将此线极化天线单元空间内正交放置，实现了双极化设计，并给出了平面结构上的双线极化和圆极化设计方案。
最后根据设计的天线方案加工了一副双极化天线并进行了测试。并根据测试结果讨论了加载介质板对天线性能的影响。驻波特性与交叉极化验证了仿真设计的结果。
In recent years, with the continuous development of communication systems and improving of the technology of microelectronic devices, ultra-wideband antenna technology has begun to gradually shift from the military field to the civilian technology. At the same time, the dual-polarized antenna technology is developing rapidly. This is conducive to polarization multiplexing, or to send and receive for the same time. On ground communications, dual-polarized antenna polarization diversity can communicate, when a better communication system against the anti-multipath fading characteristics; in satellite communications we can polarization isolation sending and receiving. Ultra-wideband dual-polarized antenna technology has become a hot topic now.
This paper firstly describes the theoretical analysis of the polarization of the antenna, and investigates for the realization of linear polarization is basically used to design: micro strip, symmetrical oscillator, monopole antennas, loop antennas and the horn antenna. The reasons four their linear polarization are given and a variety of the development and change are shown out. In this paper, we choose a circular disk dipole antenna to study with which is evolved from monopole antennas.
After the analysis of the structural design of circular disk dipole antenna of ultra-wideband, linear polarization, A program based on circular disk dipole antenna is purposed, electrical performance which can highly proof its electrical performance by the connection of a smaller disk through the feed structure to enhance the performance of high frequency, the physical structure of the antenna is also strengthen by adding the media board to provide physical support and improve low frequency performance of the antenna.
On this basis, a design of a continuous two disk additional circular disk dipole antenna is purposed, Simulation data shows within the 4-40GHz the antenna has the data of VSWR <2.5, cross-polarization <-30dB. This linearly polarized antenna elements placed orthogonal space to achieve the dual-polarized design, and gives the structure of the two-plane polarization and circular polarization design.
Finally, according to design a pair of dual-polarized antenna, the antenna processing program and tested. The results are discussed according to the media board loading of the antenna performance. VSWR and cross polarization results verify the simulation design.
本文首先介绍了天线的极化理论分析，考察了通常用于实现线极化设计的基本单元：微带结构、对称振子、单极子天线、环天线和喇叭天线，分析了其形成线极化波的原因以及各种发展和变化。选择对称振子变化来的圆盘偶极子天线进行深入研究。
在分析了圆盘偶极子的结构设计及超宽带特性，线极化特性的基础上，对圆盘偶极子提出了改进方案，电气性能上通过在馈电点连接小圆盘寄生结构以提升高频段天线性能，物理结构上通过添加介质板为天线提供物理支撑并改善天线的低频特性。
在此基础上，设计了连续嵌套两个半径渐变的圆盘结构的超宽带线极化天线单元。仿真数据天线在4-40GHz内驻波比<2.5 ,交叉极化<-30dB。将此线极化天线单元空间内正交放置，实现了双极化设计，并给出了平面结构上的双线极化和圆极化设计方案。
最后根据设计的天线方案加工了一副双极化天线并进行了测试。并根据测试结果讨论了加载介质板对天线性能的影响。驻波特性与交叉极化验证了仿真设计的结果。
In recent years, with the continuous development of communication systems and improving of the technology of microelectronic devices, ultra-wideband antenna technology has begun to gradually shift from the military field to the civilian technology. At the same time, the dual-polarized antenna technology is developing rapidly. This is conducive to polarization multiplexing, or to send and receive for the same time. On ground communications, dual-polarized antenna polarization diversity can communicate, when a better communication system against the anti-multipath fading characteristics; in satellite communications we can polarization isolation sending and receiving. Ultra-wideband dual-polarized antenna technology has become a hot topic now.
This paper firstly describes the theoretical analysis of the polarization of the antenna, and investigates for the realization of linear polarization is basically used to design: micro strip, symmetrical oscillator, monopole antennas, loop antennas and the horn antenna. The reasons four their linear polarization are given and a variety of the development and change are shown out. In this paper, we choose a circular disk dipole antenna to study with which is evolved from monopole antennas.
After the analysis of the structural design of circular disk dipole antenna of ultra-wideband, linear polarization, A program based on circular disk dipole antenna is purposed, electrical performance which can highly proof its electrical performance by the connection of a smaller disk through the feed structure to enhance the performance of high frequency, the physical structure of the antenna is also strengthen by adding the media board to provide physical support and improve low frequency performance of the antenna.
On this basis, a design of a continuous two disk additional circular disk dipole antenna is purposed, Simulation data shows within the 4-40GHz the antenna has the data of VSWR <2.5, cross-polarization <-30dB. This linearly polarized antenna elements placed orthogonal space to achieve the dual-polarized design, and gives the structure of the two-plane polarization and circular polarization design.
Finally, according to design a pair of dual-polarized antenna, the antenna processing program and tested. The results are discussed according to the media board loading of the antenna performance. VSWR and cross polarization results verify the simulation design.
引文
1 J. Powell, A. Chandrakasan. Differential and Single Ended Elliptical Antennas for 3.1-10.6 GHz Ultra Wideband Communication[C]. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society, AP-S International Symposium, Monterey, CA, United States, 2004, 3:2935~2938
2 T. Huaiying, S. Qi and G Jianming. UWB-SAR: Applicable to Highway Technology. 2007 1st Asian and Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar Proceedings[C], APSAR 2007, Huangshan, China, 2007: 215217
3 Vladimir G. Kolinko, Shiow-Hwa Lin, Alex Shek, Will Manning, Chris Martin, Max Hall, Oskar Kirsten, Joshua Moore, and David A. Wikner. A passive millimeter-wave imaging system for concealed weapons and explosives detection[C]. Proceedings of SPIE, Bellingham, 2005, 5781: 85~92
4 Wakabayashi T, Matsui H. Omni-directional Characteristics over Frequency Range for UWB of Modified Planar Antenna with an Elliptical Element on the Dielectric Substrate[C]. 6th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems, Tuscany, Italy, 2009: 463-467.
5温标荣:浅析移动通信的分集技术[J],中国无线电管理,2002,4:30-33。.
6赵爱民,张淑芳:分集技术在联通移动网中的应用[J] ,电信科学,1999,11:51-52.
7伍裕江,聂在平:多天线系统中的多位极分析性能分析[J],电波科学学报,2007,22(3):365-369。.
8黄丘林,郭万又,史小卫:极化分集时MIMO系统的信道容量[J],电子与信息学报,2006,28(8):1443-1446。
9 Juan F, Valenzuela-Valdes, Miguel, A. Garcia-Fernandez, Antonio M.Martinet-Gonzalez, David Sanchez-Hernandez: The role of polarization diversity for MIMO systems under Raleigh-Fading environments[C], IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag, 2006, (1): 534-536.
10 Tim W. C. Brown, Simon R. Saunders, Stavros Stavrou, Mauro Fiacco: Characterization of Polarization Diversity at the Mobile[C], IEEE Trans. On Vehicular Tech., 2007, (5): pp. 2440-2446.
11 Jonathan J. Lynch, Keith V. Guinn. A Wideband Radiometer Module for anUnamplified Direct Detection Scalable W-Band Imaging Arrays[J]. Proc. of SPIE 2008,(6): 801~807
12 E.N. Grossman, C.R. Dietlein. Imaging with Modular Linear Arrays of Cryogenic Nb Microbolometers[J]. Proc. of SPIE, 2008, (6):801~806.
13薛润峰,钟顺时,微带天线圆极化技术概述与进展[J],电波科学学报,2002,8.17(4):331-336.
14 Jeen-Sheen Row,”Design of aperture-coupled annular-ring microsrtip antennas for circular polarizationg[J],”IEEE, Trans, Antennas Propag, 2005: 1967-1972.
15 K-L wong, J-Y Wu“Single feed small circularly-polarized circular microstrip antenna with cross slot and peripheral cuts[J],”Electron. Lett., 1998:1041~1042.
16叶云裳,杨小勇.一种星载GPS接收天线[J].中国空间科学技术, 2001,6(3):12-16.
17林昌禄:近代天线设计[M],北京,人民邮电出版社,1990
18 P. F. Goldsmith. Perforated Plate Lens for Millimeter Quasi-optical Systems[J]. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation. 1991(39):834~838
19 Al Pergande, Donald D. Dean, and Daniel J. O'Donnell. Passive Millimeter Wave Imaging.SPIE. Enhanced and Synthetic Vision[C], Orlando, FL, USA,1996. Proc. SPIE, Vol. 2736:240~247
20 J-H Lu,C-L Tang.“Circularly polarization design of a single-feed equilater microstrip antenna[J],”Electron . Lett,1998(4),319-321.
21 H-D Chen,W-S Chen,“probe-fed compact circular microstrip antenna for circular polariziton,”Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett, 29[J], 2001(1), 52-54
22 Lettington AH, et al. Review of imaging architecture[J]. SPIE.2002, (4719):327~340
23王欣,刘庆想,赵柳。高功率单层径向线螺旋天线阵列的设计和模拟[J].强光与粒子束.2007,19(11):1869-1872
24康行健。天线原理与设计[M]北京:北京理工大学出版社。
25 Y. Susuki,J. Hirokawa. Development of planar antennas[C], IEICE Trans. Commun. 2003 (3):909-924
26卜海建,郑勇,于海军,严永林低介电常数微波介质陶瓷研究进展.材料导报[J]. 2007.8(21):30~36
27方亮,杨卫明,鄢俊兵,张辉.高功率超宽带同轴双锥天线的设计和实验[J].武汉理工大学学报. 2002,2(12):12~15
28约翰克劳斯.天线.电子工业出版社. 2006.3:157~159
29 Hsu H T, Rautio J, Chang S W. Novel Planar Wideband Omni-directional QuasiLog-periodic Antenna[C]. Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, Suzhou, China,2005(4): 4.
30 Zhang C, Fathy A E. Development of an Ultra-wideband Elliptical Disc PlanarMonopole Antenna with Improved Omni-directional Performance Using aModified Ground[C]. Antenna and Propagation International Symposium,Albuquerque, NM, U.S., 2006: 1689-1692
31 Wakabayashi T, Matsui H. Omni-directional Characteristics over FrequencyRange for UWB of Modified Planar Antenna with an Elliptical Element on theDielectric Substrate[C]. 6th International Symposium on WirelessCommunication Systems, Tuscany, Italy, 2009: 463-467.
32 R Gomez Martin, A Rubiok Bretones, M Fernandez Panto-ja. RadiationCharacteristics of Thin Wire V-Antennas Excited by arbitrary time- dependentcurrents [J]. IEEE trans. Antennas and Propagat, 2001, 49(12): 1877-1880
33 Ahmed A.Kishk. Tetrahedron and triangular dielectric resonator antenna withwideband performance[C]. Antenna and Propagation Society InternationalSymposium, IEEE, 2002(12):162~465
34 Ahmed A.Kishk, A. W. Glisson, Yan Yin. Conical dielectric and resonatorantennas for untl wide-band applications[C]. IEEE Transactions on Antennasand Propagation, 2002(51): 469~474
35王均宏.脉冲电磁波通过偶极天线辐射的物理过程及其数学模拟[J].物理学报，2005,54（2）：642-647
36张丽娜,许赛卿,钟顺时.并联介质加载偶极天线脉冲辐射特性的研究[J].上海大学学报. 2008.6:221~225
37 Rajesh K.Mongla and R Gomez Martin. Dielectric Resonator Antenna-AReview and Generel Design Relation for Resonant Frequenciy and Bandwidth[C]. International Journel of Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Computer-Aided Engineering, 1994, 4(3): 230~247
38钟玲玲.超宽带圆片天线及其小型化[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文，2008：35-38.
39孟凡宝，杨周炳.超宽带高功率同轴双锥天线的设计和实验[J].强激光与粒子束，1999，11（2）：245-247
40沈良，钟顺时，许赛卿.小型化介质加载方形四臂螺旋天线[J].无线通信技术，2007, 2：19-21
41 K.Kiesi, A small quadrifilar helix antenna[C], Masters`s thesis, HelsinkiUniversity of Technology, 1995,2: 11-15
42刘沙. GPS/CNSS多频手持终端天线研究[M],华南理工大学学位论文，2009:60-63.
43 Qian Wang; Xiaoli Xi, Design of Combinationg Antenna of Whip Antennas andQuadrifilar Helix antenna[C], Electronic Measurement and Instruments, ICEMI
07.8th International Conference. 2007.8(1), 669-672.
2 T. Huaiying, S. Qi and G Jianming. UWB-SAR: Applicable to Highway Technology. 2007 1st Asian and Pacific Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar Proceedings[C], APSAR 2007, Huangshan, China, 2007: 215217
3 Vladimir G. Kolinko, Shiow-Hwa Lin, Alex Shek, Will Manning, Chris Martin, Max Hall, Oskar Kirsten, Joshua Moore, and David A. Wikner. A passive millimeter-wave imaging system for concealed weapons and explosives detection[C]. Proceedings of SPIE, Bellingham, 2005, 5781: 85~92
4 Wakabayashi T, Matsui H. Omni-directional Characteristics over Frequency Range for UWB of Modified Planar Antenna with an Elliptical Element on the Dielectric Substrate[C]. 6th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems, Tuscany, Italy, 2009: 463-467.
5温标荣:浅析移动通信的分集技术[J],中国无线电管理,2002,4:30-33。.
6赵爱民,张淑芳:分集技术在联通移动网中的应用[J] ,电信科学,1999,11:51-52.
7伍裕江,聂在平:多天线系统中的多位极分析性能分析[J],电波科学学报,2007,22(3):365-369。.
8黄丘林,郭万又,史小卫:极化分集时MIMO系统的信道容量[J],电子与信息学报,2006,28(8):1443-1446。
9 Juan F, Valenzuela-Valdes, Miguel, A. Garcia-Fernandez, Antonio M.Martinet-Gonzalez, David Sanchez-Hernandez: The role of polarization diversity for MIMO systems under Raleigh-Fading environments[C], IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag, 2006, (1): 534-536.
10 Tim W. C. Brown, Simon R. Saunders, Stavros Stavrou, Mauro Fiacco: Characterization of Polarization Diversity at the Mobile[C], IEEE Trans. On Vehicular Tech., 2007, (5): pp. 2440-2446.
11 Jonathan J. Lynch, Keith V. Guinn. A Wideband Radiometer Module for anUnamplified Direct Detection Scalable W-Band Imaging Arrays[J]. Proc. of SPIE 2008,(6): 801~807
12 E.N. Grossman, C.R. Dietlein. Imaging with Modular Linear Arrays of Cryogenic Nb Microbolometers[J]. Proc. of SPIE, 2008, (6):801~806.
13薛润峰,钟顺时,微带天线圆极化技术概述与进展[J],电波科学学报,2002,8.17(4):331-336.
14 Jeen-Sheen Row,”Design of aperture-coupled annular-ring microsrtip antennas for circular polarizationg[J],”IEEE, Trans, Antennas Propag, 2005: 1967-1972.
15 K-L wong, J-Y Wu“Single feed small circularly-polarized circular microstrip antenna with cross slot and peripheral cuts[J],”Electron. Lett., 1998:1041~1042.
16叶云裳,杨小勇.一种星载GPS接收天线[J].中国空间科学技术, 2001,6(3):12-16.
17林昌禄:近代天线设计[M],北京,人民邮电出版社,1990
18 P. F. Goldsmith. Perforated Plate Lens for Millimeter Quasi-optical Systems[J]. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation. 1991(39):834~838
19 Al Pergande, Donald D. Dean, and Daniel J. O'Donnell. Passive Millimeter Wave Imaging.SPIE. Enhanced and Synthetic Vision[C], Orlando, FL, USA,1996. Proc. SPIE, Vol. 2736:240~247
20 J-H Lu,C-L Tang.“Circularly polarization design of a single-feed equilater microstrip antenna[J],”Electron . Lett,1998(4),319-321.
21 H-D Chen,W-S Chen,“probe-fed compact circular microstrip antenna for circular polariziton,”Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett, 29[J], 2001(1), 52-54
22 Lettington AH, et al. Review of imaging architecture[J]. SPIE.2002, (4719):327~340
23王欣,刘庆想,赵柳。高功率单层径向线螺旋天线阵列的设计和模拟[J].强光与粒子束.2007,19(11):1869-1872
24康行健。天线原理与设计[M]北京:北京理工大学出版社。
25 Y. Susuki,J. Hirokawa. Development of planar antennas[C], IEICE Trans. Commun. 2003 (3):909-924
26卜海建,郑勇,于海军,严永林低介电常数微波介质陶瓷研究进展.材料导报[J]. 2007.8(21):30~36
27方亮,杨卫明,鄢俊兵,张辉.高功率超宽带同轴双锥天线的设计和实验[J].武汉理工大学学报. 2002,2(12):12~15
28约翰克劳斯.天线.电子工业出版社. 2006.3:157~159
29 Hsu H T, Rautio J, Chang S W. Novel Planar Wideband Omni-directional QuasiLog-periodic Antenna[C]. Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, Suzhou, China,2005(4): 4.
30 Zhang C, Fathy A E. Development of an Ultra-wideband Elliptical Disc PlanarMonopole Antenna with Improved Omni-directional Performance Using aModified Ground[C]. Antenna and Propagation International Symposium,Albuquerque, NM, U.S., 2006: 1689-1692
31 Wakabayashi T, Matsui H. Omni-directional Characteristics over FrequencyRange for UWB of Modified Planar Antenna with an Elliptical Element on theDielectric Substrate[C]. 6th International Symposium on WirelessCommunication Systems, Tuscany, Italy, 2009: 463-467.
32 R Gomez Martin, A Rubiok Bretones, M Fernandez Panto-ja. RadiationCharacteristics of Thin Wire V-Antennas Excited by arbitrary time- dependentcurrents [J]. IEEE trans. Antennas and Propagat, 2001, 49(12): 1877-1880
33 Ahmed A.Kishk. Tetrahedron and triangular dielectric resonator antenna withwideband performance[C]. Antenna and Propagation Society InternationalSymposium, IEEE, 2002(12):162~465
34 Ahmed A.Kishk, A. W. Glisson, Yan Yin. Conical dielectric and resonatorantennas for untl wide-band applications[C]. IEEE Transactions on Antennasand Propagation, 2002(51): 469~474
35王均宏.脉冲电磁波通过偶极天线辐射的物理过程及其数学模拟[J].物理学报，2005,54（2）：642-647
36张丽娜,许赛卿,钟顺时.并联介质加载偶极天线脉冲辐射特性的研究[J].上海大学学报. 2008.6:221~225
37 Rajesh K.Mongla and R Gomez Martin. Dielectric Resonator Antenna-AReview and Generel Design Relation for Resonant Frequenciy and Bandwidth[C]. International Journel of Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Computer-Aided Engineering, 1994, 4(3): 230~247
38钟玲玲.超宽带圆片天线及其小型化[D].哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文，2008：35-38.
39孟凡宝，杨周炳.超宽带高功率同轴双锥天线的设计和实验[J].强激光与粒子束，1999，11（2）：245-247
40沈良，钟顺时，许赛卿.小型化介质加载方形四臂螺旋天线[J].无线通信技术，2007, 2：19-21
41 K.Kiesi, A small quadrifilar helix antenna[C], Masters`s thesis, HelsinkiUniversity of Technology, 1995,2: 11-15
42刘沙. GPS/CNSS多频手持终端天线研究[M],华南理工大学学位论文，2009:60-63.
43 Qian Wang; Xiaoli Xi, Design of Combinationg Antenna of Whip Antennas andQuadrifilar Helix antenna[C], Electronic Measurement and Instruments, ICEMI
07.8th International Conference. 2007.8(1), 669-672.