同轴加载圆波导慢波系统的研究
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摘要
现代军事技术的需求为高功率微波的发展提供了良好的环境，高功率微波源作为高功率微波的重要研究领域也迅速发展起来。而高功率微波源的核心部件是电子注与波进行互作用的场所，对行波管而言即为慢波系统，它的优劣直接影响高功率微波源的性能。全金属慢波结构因其尺寸大、热耗散能力强、整体性能好等优点被广泛应用于宽带、大功率行波管和相对论行波管中，而膜片周期加载慢波系统正是全金属结构中最重要、应用最广泛的一大类结构。本文在传统膜片加载慢波系统的基础上，提出了一类新型的同轴膜片周期加载慢波结构，从理论分析、数值模拟及实验验证几个方面对其进行了全面深入的研究。本论文主要的工作成果为：
一、首次提出一类同轴阶梯形膜片加载慢波系统，利用严格的场匹配法，推导出色散方程和耦合阻抗的表达式。色散方程表达式可以作为一种通用形式用来研究同轴或非同轴的脊加载和普通膜片加载结构。通过数值计算，不仅比较了不同形式加载结构的色散特性差别，还详细研究了结构参数对色散特性和耦合阻抗的影响。和同轴脊加载以及普通膜片加载结构相比，同轴阶梯形加载结构的带宽最宽。
二、利用具有环形电子注的平衡态模型，通过场匹配法，建立了同轴阶梯形膜片加载慢波系统的注波互作用自洽场理论，得到了此结构在小信号条件下的热色散方程。数值分析了结构参数和电子注参数对增益和色散的影响，该结构的3dB带宽可达30％，从而为相对论行波管发现了一种新型的宽带大功率慢波结构。
三、提出了分析任意槽形膜片加载慢波结构的一种普遍分析方法，它用一系列矩形阶梯来近似槽区的边界。这一方法适合于分析任何膜片边界或膜片间的槽边界光滑或有较大突变的结构，因此也可用来分析同轴阶梯形膜片加载波导。利用此法获得了同轴任意槽形膜片加载结构的普遍色散方程和耦合阻抗表达式。通过数值运算得到了系统结构参数对色散特性和耦合阻抗的影响，并比较了五种特殊形状槽形膜片加载结构的高频特性，相同尺寸下三角形槽的带宽最宽，但耦合阻抗最低。
四、分析了同轴任意槽形膜片加载圆波导的注波互作用的线性理论，得到了
The demand of the modern military science and technology provides a favorable environment for the high power microwave technology to develop. As one of the important field of the high power microwave, the high power microwave source technology also make great progress these years. The key component of a high-power microwave device is the RF structure in which the beam and wave interact. To Traveling Wave Tube (TWT), it is the slow-wave structure(SWS) which basically determine the performance of the TWT. Owing to having the advantages of large size, good thermal conductivity, high precision of manufacturing and assembling, the all-metal slow-wave structures are widely used in the wide-band, high power TWT and relativistic TWT. Furthermore, the disc-loaded cylindrical waveguide is one of the most important slow-wave structures in the all-metal SWS. In this dissertation, we have made detailed theoretical study, numerical simulation and experiment study on some new types of the coaxial disc-loaded SWS. The major achievements are listed as the followings:
1. For the first time, a coaxial step-disc-loaded system is presented. By using the field-matching method, the dispersion equations and the coupling impedance of this structure are obtained. The dispersion equation can be used to analyze the coaxial or non-coaxial ridged and disc-loaded structures as the unified expression. The differences in the characteristics of the variant type of the coaxial step-disc-loaded structures are compared, moreover, the influence of various circuit dimensions on the dispersion relation and the coupling impedance are discussed. Compared with the coaxial disc-loaded and ridged-disc-loaded structures, the pass-band of coaxial step-disc-loaded structure is the broadest.
2. The dispersion of the coaxial step-disc-loaded slow-wave structure with an annular electron beam is obtained according to the self-consistent filed theory. The computation results of the hot dispersion equation indicate the influence of the circuit dimensions and the electron beam parameters on the small signal gain. The 3dB bandwidth of this tube can reach 30%.
一、首次提出一类同轴阶梯形膜片加载慢波系统，利用严格的场匹配法，推导出色散方程和耦合阻抗的表达式。色散方程表达式可以作为一种通用形式用来研究同轴或非同轴的脊加载和普通膜片加载结构。通过数值计算，不仅比较了不同形式加载结构的色散特性差别，还详细研究了结构参数对色散特性和耦合阻抗的影响。和同轴脊加载以及普通膜片加载结构相比，同轴阶梯形加载结构的带宽最宽。
二、利用具有环形电子注的平衡态模型，通过场匹配法，建立了同轴阶梯形膜片加载慢波系统的注波互作用自洽场理论，得到了此结构在小信号条件下的热色散方程。数值分析了结构参数和电子注参数对增益和色散的影响，该结构的3dB带宽可达30％，从而为相对论行波管发现了一种新型的宽带大功率慢波结构。
三、提出了分析任意槽形膜片加载慢波结构的一种普遍分析方法，它用一系列矩形阶梯来近似槽区的边界。这一方法适合于分析任何膜片边界或膜片间的槽边界光滑或有较大突变的结构，因此也可用来分析同轴阶梯形膜片加载波导。利用此法获得了同轴任意槽形膜片加载结构的普遍色散方程和耦合阻抗表达式。通过数值运算得到了系统结构参数对色散特性和耦合阻抗的影响，并比较了五种特殊形状槽形膜片加载结构的高频特性，相同尺寸下三角形槽的带宽最宽，但耦合阻抗最低。
四、分析了同轴任意槽形膜片加载圆波导的注波互作用的线性理论，得到了
The demand of the modern military science and technology provides a favorable environment for the high power microwave technology to develop. As one of the important field of the high power microwave, the high power microwave source technology also make great progress these years. The key component of a high-power microwave device is the RF structure in which the beam and wave interact. To Traveling Wave Tube (TWT), it is the slow-wave structure(SWS) which basically determine the performance of the TWT. Owing to having the advantages of large size, good thermal conductivity, high precision of manufacturing and assembling, the all-metal slow-wave structures are widely used in the wide-band, high power TWT and relativistic TWT. Furthermore, the disc-loaded cylindrical waveguide is one of the most important slow-wave structures in the all-metal SWS. In this dissertation, we have made detailed theoretical study, numerical simulation and experiment study on some new types of the coaxial disc-loaded SWS. The major achievements are listed as the followings:
1. For the first time, a coaxial step-disc-loaded system is presented. By using the field-matching method, the dispersion equations and the coupling impedance of this structure are obtained. The dispersion equation can be used to analyze the coaxial or non-coaxial ridged and disc-loaded structures as the unified expression. The differences in the characteristics of the variant type of the coaxial step-disc-loaded structures are compared, moreover, the influence of various circuit dimensions on the dispersion relation and the coupling impedance are discussed. Compared with the coaxial disc-loaded and ridged-disc-loaded structures, the pass-band of coaxial step-disc-loaded structure is the broadest.
2. The dispersion of the coaxial step-disc-loaded slow-wave structure with an annular electron beam is obtained according to the self-consistent filed theory. The computation results of the hot dispersion equation indicate the influence of the circuit dimensions and the electron beam parameters on the small signal gain. The 3dB bandwidth of this tube can reach 30%.
引文
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