土压平衡式盾构机土舱压力控制技术研究
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摘要
土压平衡(Earth Pressure Balance ,EPB)式盾构是在盾构施工中较为普遍使用的一种隧道掘进专用工程机械。施工过程中,土压平衡盾构一般采用土舱压力控制确保开挖面的稳定。如果土舱压力不足,会引起前方地基沉降,发生开挖面的涌水或坍塌的危险就会增大;如果压力过大,又会引起刀盘扭矩或推力的增大而发生推进速度下降或喷涌等问题。因此,设置合理的施工土舱压力,提高盾构隧道在施工过程中的稳定性,对于控制地表沉降、提高掘进速度、降低掘进成本有着非常重要的意义。
国内对土舱压力控制的研究成果尚不成熟,往往采用“滞后式”的土压纠正。通过预先设定土舱压力值,再根据实际施工情况,对土舱压力进行调整。这种滞后式的调整方法,往往不能及时控制地表的沉降,造成地表隆起或塌陷,对地表周围的建筑物造成很大的危险,工程质量无法达到预期目标。
本文对土压平衡式盾构机土舱压力控制做了如下工作:
1、通过对盾构模拟实验平台的三大液压系统进行研究,提出3种土压平衡的操作控制模式,为AMESim仿真研究打下基础。
2、通过AMESim仿真软件分别搭建三种操作控制模式下的土压平衡控制模型,采用常规PID控制策略来实现土压平衡控制。在AMESim环境下进行仿真研究,仿真结果表明,常规PID控制能够实现对土仓压力平衡控制的要求,但常规PID控制算法需要较长的调整时间,响应特性较差。
3、目前神经网络的兴起,可以充分逼近任意复杂的非线性关系,可以学习和自适应不知道或不确定的系统,盾构土压平衡控制系统存在非线性、时变性等不确定性因素,因此,应用神经网络对盾构机土压平衡进行控制可以达到实时控制的目的。建立基于BP神经网络的四输入两输出的土压平衡控制模型,使用Matlab7.0神经网络工具箱对其进行模拟和仿真,仿真结果得到满意效果。
4、建立土压平衡盾构的数学模型,并在此基础上得到土压平衡盾构与其主要工作参数间的数学关系式。并通过盾构模拟实验平台的大型掘进实验,验证了土压平衡数学模型的正确性。为我国土压平衡式盾构机的设计和隧道掘进施工提供相关参考。
Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) shield is the shield of the more commonly used in the construction of a tunnel boring Special Construction Machinery. During the construction process, EPB Shield generally uses the earth pressure control technology to ensure the stability of excavated surface. If the earth closing chamber is lack of pressure, it will cause the front of foundation settlement, the risk of excavation of surface water gushing or collapse will increase. If the pressure is too much, it will cause the issue such as advancing speed decreases or spewing because of the cutter head torque or the thrust increased. So it has a very important significance for control of the earth surface subsidence and improves speed, lower cost of tunneling excavation that sets a reasonable construction pressure and improves earth pressure tank in shield tunnel construction process of stability.
Domestic research on earth pressure control technology is not yet mature, Lag type of earth pressure is often used to correct it .Preset the earth pressure value at first, then adjust the earth pressure according to the actual situation. This type of lagging method can’t timely adjust control surface subsidence usually. It causes great dangerous to the surrounding buildings on the surface because of the Surface uplift or subsidence. Then the project quality can not achieve the desired goal.
In this paper, earth pressure control technology of EPB shield machine was made the research as follows:
1. Put forward three kinds of earth pressure balance operating control mode, and lay the foundation for AMESim simulation research through the studies on the three hydraulic system of the Shield simulation experiment platform
2. Build three operating control respectively under the mode of earth pressure balance control model with the AMESim simulation software, and use conventional PID control strategy to realize the earth pressure balance control. In AMESim environment simulation research, the simulation results show that the conventional PID control of earth bin to realize pressure balance control requirements, but the conventional PID control algorithm needs a long time, and has less responsive.
3. Now, the rise of neural network, can fully approximate any complicated nonlinear relation, learn and adapt anyone which is unknown or uncertain systems, shield earth pressure balance control systems of nonlinear time-varying, such uncertainty. So the application of neural network on earth pressure balance shield machine control can achieve real-time control. Based on the BP neural network's input and output of two four earth pressure balance control model, using neural network for its Matlab7.0 toolbox to model and simulate, and the simulation results obtained satisfactory effect.
4. Build the mathematical model of EPB shield, and get its main parameters of the mathematical relationship based on the model .Test and verify the correctness of mathematical model of EPS shield through industrial large-scale simulation of shield tunneling experiment platform. Provide the relevant reference for China's EPB shield machine’s design and tunnel excavation construction.
国内对土舱压力控制的研究成果尚不成熟,往往采用“滞后式”的土压纠正。通过预先设定土舱压力值,再根据实际施工情况,对土舱压力进行调整。这种滞后式的调整方法,往往不能及时控制地表的沉降,造成地表隆起或塌陷,对地表周围的建筑物造成很大的危险,工程质量无法达到预期目标。
本文对土压平衡式盾构机土舱压力控制做了如下工作:
1、通过对盾构模拟实验平台的三大液压系统进行研究,提出3种土压平衡的操作控制模式,为AMESim仿真研究打下基础。
2、通过AMESim仿真软件分别搭建三种操作控制模式下的土压平衡控制模型,采用常规PID控制策略来实现土压平衡控制。在AMESim环境下进行仿真研究,仿真结果表明,常规PID控制能够实现对土仓压力平衡控制的要求,但常规PID控制算法需要较长的调整时间,响应特性较差。
3、目前神经网络的兴起,可以充分逼近任意复杂的非线性关系,可以学习和自适应不知道或不确定的系统,盾构土压平衡控制系统存在非线性、时变性等不确定性因素,因此,应用神经网络对盾构机土压平衡进行控制可以达到实时控制的目的。建立基于BP神经网络的四输入两输出的土压平衡控制模型,使用Matlab7.0神经网络工具箱对其进行模拟和仿真,仿真结果得到满意效果。
4、建立土压平衡盾构的数学模型,并在此基础上得到土压平衡盾构与其主要工作参数间的数学关系式。并通过盾构模拟实验平台的大型掘进实验,验证了土压平衡数学模型的正确性。为我国土压平衡式盾构机的设计和隧道掘进施工提供相关参考。
Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) shield is the shield of the more commonly used in the construction of a tunnel boring Special Construction Machinery. During the construction process, EPB Shield generally uses the earth pressure control technology to ensure the stability of excavated surface. If the earth closing chamber is lack of pressure, it will cause the front of foundation settlement, the risk of excavation of surface water gushing or collapse will increase. If the pressure is too much, it will cause the issue such as advancing speed decreases or spewing because of the cutter head torque or the thrust increased. So it has a very important significance for control of the earth surface subsidence and improves speed, lower cost of tunneling excavation that sets a reasonable construction pressure and improves earth pressure tank in shield tunnel construction process of stability.
Domestic research on earth pressure control technology is not yet mature, Lag type of earth pressure is often used to correct it .Preset the earth pressure value at first, then adjust the earth pressure according to the actual situation. This type of lagging method can’t timely adjust control surface subsidence usually. It causes great dangerous to the surrounding buildings on the surface because of the Surface uplift or subsidence. Then the project quality can not achieve the desired goal.
In this paper, earth pressure control technology of EPB shield machine was made the research as follows:
1. Put forward three kinds of earth pressure balance operating control mode, and lay the foundation for AMESim simulation research through the studies on the three hydraulic system of the Shield simulation experiment platform
2. Build three operating control respectively under the mode of earth pressure balance control model with the AMESim simulation software, and use conventional PID control strategy to realize the earth pressure balance control. In AMESim environment simulation research, the simulation results show that the conventional PID control of earth bin to realize pressure balance control requirements, but the conventional PID control algorithm needs a long time, and has less responsive.
3. Now, the rise of neural network, can fully approximate any complicated nonlinear relation, learn and adapt anyone which is unknown or uncertain systems, shield earth pressure balance control systems of nonlinear time-varying, such uncertainty. So the application of neural network on earth pressure balance shield machine control can achieve real-time control. Based on the BP neural network's input and output of two four earth pressure balance control model, using neural network for its Matlab7.0 toolbox to model and simulate, and the simulation results obtained satisfactory effect.
4. Build the mathematical model of EPB shield, and get its main parameters of the mathematical relationship based on the model .Test and verify the correctness of mathematical model of EPS shield through industrial large-scale simulation of shield tunneling experiment platform. Provide the relevant reference for China's EPB shield machine’s design and tunnel excavation construction.
引文
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