双螺杆磨浆机构设计及其有限元分析的研究
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摘要
双螺杆磨浆机以其结构简单、得浆率高、耗能少、用水量少和污染小等优良特性,被称为继盘磨机后的第三代机械制浆设备。国内双螺杆磨浆机设计的研究已经取得一定的成果,但其主要的设计手段仍然是传统的模式。
本文应用CAD/CAE技术进行了双螺杆磨浆机构的设计和分析。首先从系统的角度分析双螺杆磨浆机构的设计过程,建立了磨浆机构设计系统的IDEF0功能模型和IDEF1x信息模型;利用PRO/ENGINEER软件完成了双螺杆磨浆机构的螺杆、芯轴、机筒、轴承座以及其他辅助部分的零件设计和装配设计;在PRO/ENGINEER MECHANISM环境下,进行了螺杆的运动仿真和干涉检验;对不同形式的芯轴和螺杆进行了有限元模拟分析。
对两种不同形式的芯轴进行了有限元应力分析,其中,渐开线花键芯轴较矩形芯轴承载能力好。通过有限元分析优化了芯轴的结构,进而对如何减小芯轴的应力集中提出了建议。同时,采用有限元方法对螺杆进行了接触应力分析。研究了螺棱齿顶圆角和齿根圆角半径对螺杆应力变化的影响,并进一步对螺棱截面进行了优化设计,得出最佳螺棱齿顶圆角和齿根圆角半径值。
本文通过在计算机上构造数字化模型,并且模拟实际工作情况下产品的性能,获得产品的优化设计方案。从而缩短了开发周期、提高了设计效率、设计质量。
As an up to date grinder machine, twin-screw grinder has the characters of simple structure, high-powered pulp efficiency, lower cost, less water consumption and lower pollution. A lot of accomplishments have been achieved on twin-screw grinder design. However, traditional design methods are usually used in design of twin-screw grinder.In this thesis, CAD/CAE technologies have been applied in twin-screw grinder design. Firstly, design process was analyzed from the point of system design, and then the system function models and information models were built. Secondly, with the help of PRO/ENGINEER software, the parts including screw element, shaft, machine barrel and bearing block etc, and assembly of mechanism have been accomplished. Also, motion simulation and interference verification of twin screw have been finished. Thirdly, finite element method was applied in the research for the stress distribution of shafts and screws, so their structures were improved.Stress of two kinds of shafts was analyzed. Involute-shaped shaft shows better resistance capability to the pressure than that of rectangle-shaped shaft. Through calculation and analyzing, the best radius of transition angle has been found. With the Finite Element contact analysis method, the stress concentration of twin screws has been investigated. By optimizing the radius of tooth top and root, the stress concentration has been reduced, and the stress distribution has also been ameliorated.Building up computer models of the mechanism, this thesis has simulated the performances of product under actual work circumstance, and acquired optimized results. These shorten the development period, improve design efficiency and quality.
本文应用CAD/CAE技术进行了双螺杆磨浆机构的设计和分析。首先从系统的角度分析双螺杆磨浆机构的设计过程,建立了磨浆机构设计系统的IDEF0功能模型和IDEF1x信息模型;利用PRO/ENGINEER软件完成了双螺杆磨浆机构的螺杆、芯轴、机筒、轴承座以及其他辅助部分的零件设计和装配设计;在PRO/ENGINEER MECHANISM环境下,进行了螺杆的运动仿真和干涉检验;对不同形式的芯轴和螺杆进行了有限元模拟分析。
对两种不同形式的芯轴进行了有限元应力分析,其中,渐开线花键芯轴较矩形芯轴承载能力好。通过有限元分析优化了芯轴的结构,进而对如何减小芯轴的应力集中提出了建议。同时,采用有限元方法对螺杆进行了接触应力分析。研究了螺棱齿顶圆角和齿根圆角半径对螺杆应力变化的影响,并进一步对螺棱截面进行了优化设计,得出最佳螺棱齿顶圆角和齿根圆角半径值。
本文通过在计算机上构造数字化模型,并且模拟实际工作情况下产品的性能,获得产品的优化设计方案。从而缩短了开发周期、提高了设计效率、设计质量。
As an up to date grinder machine, twin-screw grinder has the characters of simple structure, high-powered pulp efficiency, lower cost, less water consumption and lower pollution. A lot of accomplishments have been achieved on twin-screw grinder design. However, traditional design methods are usually used in design of twin-screw grinder.In this thesis, CAD/CAE technologies have been applied in twin-screw grinder design. Firstly, design process was analyzed from the point of system design, and then the system function models and information models were built. Secondly, with the help of PRO/ENGINEER software, the parts including screw element, shaft, machine barrel and bearing block etc, and assembly of mechanism have been accomplished. Also, motion simulation and interference verification of twin screw have been finished. Thirdly, finite element method was applied in the research for the stress distribution of shafts and screws, so their structures were improved.Stress of two kinds of shafts was analyzed. Involute-shaped shaft shows better resistance capability to the pressure than that of rectangle-shaped shaft. Through calculation and analyzing, the best radius of transition angle has been found. With the Finite Element contact analysis method, the stress concentration of twin screws has been investigated. By optimizing the radius of tooth top and root, the stress concentration has been reduced, and the stress distribution has also been ameliorated.Building up computer models of the mechanism, this thesis has simulated the performances of product under actual work circumstance, and acquired optimized results. These shorten the development period, improve design efficiency and quality.
引文
[1] 余贻骥.现代造纸工业中高新技术的应用与发展[J].造纸信息,2003(2)
[2] 谢来苏等.制浆原理与工程[M],北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001.5
[3] 刘长恩等.一种化学机械制浆方法及设备[J].中国专利,99120924.2001-04-25
[4] 董平等。BIVIS系统螺杆设计[J].大连轻工学院学报,1992,11(3)
[5] 刘长恩,岳金权.双螺旋辊式多功能磨浆机结构及其磨浆机理[J].中华纸业,2000,21(10):25
[6] 王平等.双螺杆磨浆机的研究与应用[J],中国造纸,2004,23(1)
[7] J.D. sinkey. Development of a third generation Refiner[M]. C-E Bauer internal correspondence. 1982
[8] Creusot Loine. Proscess for preparing a paper pulp [P]. EP,0017544.1980-10-15
[9] Banque De France, Clextral, Centre Tech Ind Papier. Method for the manufacture of a paper pulp for currency use [P]. US,4983256.1991-01-09
[10] Clextral. Method and Apparatus for Continuously Preparing Cellulose Pulp [P]. FR,2741638.1997-05-30
[11] 王丹.以Bivis法制高自度化学热磨机械浆[J].黑龙江造纸,1994(1):46
[12] 陈樵鉴.Bivis法制浆机理的探讨[C].中国造纸学会第八届学术年会论文集(上册),1997,11.1
[13] 刘长恩,朱孝生,王晋华等.双螺旋式磨浆机[P].中国专利,97214188.1998-09-01
[14] 刘长恩,岳金权.双螺旋辊式多功能磨浆机结构及其磨浆机理[J].中华纸业,2000,21(10):25
[15] M.L.Booy. GEOMETRY OF FULLY WIPED TWIN-SCREW EQUIPMENT[J]. Polymer Engineering and Science, 1978, (9): 973-984
[16] J.M.Harper. Extruded of foods[M],CRC Press Inc, 1981
[17] Machado,A.V;Covas.J.A;Van Duin. Evolution of morphology and of chemical conversion along the screw in a corotating twin-screw extruder[J], Journal of Applied Polymer Scince,v71 nl Jan 3 1999,135-141
[18] Carneiro.O.S.;Covas.J.A.;Vergnes.B. Experimental and theoretical study of twin-screw extrusion of polypropylene[J], Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Nov 2000,112-117
[19] T.D.Higgins, J.S.Soomtaranum. Experimental study of polymer blend mixing in twin-screw extruders[J], Polymers&polymer composites, Nov 4 1998,223-227
[20] Fukuoka, Takamasa. Numerical analysis of a reactive extrusion process. Part 2: Simulations and verifications for the twin screw extrusion[J], Polymer Engineering and Science, 12 Dec 2000,40
[21] Mielcarek, Daniel F. Techology advances in twin screw compounding lines[J],Proceedings of the Conference on Continuous Compounding in the 90's RETEC, NOV 30-DEC 2 1993,
[22] Lee,Anderson;Ferguson,Jamie. Optimization of large scale twin screw compounders[J], proceedings of the International Conference on Additives for Polyolefines, Feb 21, 1999
[23] Mielcarek,Daniel. Role of the twin screw extruder in recycled plastic compounds[J], Annual Recycling Conference, ARC, NOV 5,1997
[24] Bakalis,Serafim;Karwe, Mukund. V. Measurement of three-dimensional velocity field in the translational region of a co-rotating twin-screw extruder[J], Polymer Engineering and Sciences, 9 Sep, 1998
[25] 李品华.全啮合同向旋转双螺杆挤出机螺槽中物流停留时间分布的研究[J],机械设计与研究,1995,3,27-29
[26] 曹亚平等.工艺条件对单螺杆挤出机产量稳定的影响[J],塑料,2001,3
[27] 施丰等.啮合型双螺杆挤出机非常规螺纹元件设计新方法[J],中国塑料,2001,1
[28] 董力群等.新型锥形双螺杆——混炼型锥形双螺杆的研制[J],中国塑料,2001,7
[29] 张建敏等.同向双螺杆输送机螺纹曲线的修正[J],北京联合大学学报,1999,1
[30] 郭弈崇等.对组合式同向双螺杆螺纹元件端面结合误差的处理和控制[J],北京化工大学学报,1997,24(2):42-49
[31] 梁基照.挤出机螺杆加料段几何参数的优化设计[J],轻工机械,1994,4:19-22
[32] 丁应生等.螺旋面斜向扭转振动的传动和物料运动分析[J],武汉科技大学学报,2001,3:55-57
[33] 王效岳等.双向双螺杆挤出机的研究[J],机械科学与技术,1997,3
[34] 张裕中等.同向旋转双螺杆挤压机螺杆的计算机辅助设计[J],食品与机械,2000,5
[35] 瞿维国等.同向啮合型双螺杆挤压机挤压过程分析[J],粮油加工与食 品机械
[36] 肖文生等.双头双螺杆齿形线啮合原理[J],石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997,6
[37] 陈禹六.IDEF建模分析和设计方法[M],清华大学出版社,1995.5
[38] 陈禹六等.复查系统统用设计方法[M],北京,电子工业出版社,1991
[39] 刘培玉.面向对象数据库建模方法和逻辑设计[J],计算机应用和设计,1996(3):39-41
[40] 马尚才.在MIS中引入面向对象的系统分析技术[J],计算机应用和研究,1996(1):31-34
[41] 耿孝正.双螺杆挤出机及其应用[M],中国轻工业出版社,2003,207-209
[42] David B.Todd. APV(Baker perkins) Systems.Divid.B.Todd.Plastics Compounding[J]. Munich: Hanser Publisher, 1998
[43] Panl G. Andersen. The Wemer&Prleiderer Twin Screw Corotating Extruder System.David.B[J]. Todd. Plastics Compounding. Munich: Hanser Publisher,1998
[44] I.Manas-Zloczower Z.Tadmor. Mixing and Compounding of polymer---Theory and practice[J].New York: Hanser Publisher, 1998
[45] PRO/ENGINEER WILDFIRE Release Document [M], PTC Inc. 2003.9
[46] 郭奕崇.对组合式同向双螺杆螺纹元件端面接合误差的处理与控制[J],北京化工大学学报,1997,24(2)
[44] 耿孝正.双螺杆挤出机及其应用[M],中国轻工业出版社,2003,217-218
[47] 张林煊等.并行工程中的装配仿真系统及其关键技术研究[J],计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1999(2)
[48] 杨培林等.并行工程中面向装配的设计[J],机械科学与技 术,2000(1):153～154
[49] 叶新朝等.面向装配的三维标准件库工具的研究和开发[J],机械科学与技术,2000(5):770～772
[50] 刘华玲,郭奕崇.同向双螺杆芯轴的受力分析[J],塑料,2004,33(2)
[51] 李猛,薛强,双螺杆应力集中分析及结果优化[J],机械设计与制造(已收录,2005.6发表)
[52] ANSYS Release 8.0 Document [M], ANSYS Inc. 2003.12
[53] 孙林松等,接触问题有限元分析方法总述[J],水利水电科技进展,2001.6
[54] 姜晋庆,弹塑性接触问题的分析方法[J],光学机械,1984.3
[55] 丁延卫等,基于接触理论的空间光学遥感器的动力学求解[J],哈尔滨工业大学学报,2002.10
[56] Annita P.H., Extrusion Pulping of Natural Fibres[D], A.P.H Westenbroek, Wageningen, The Netherlands,2000
[57] 马文华,约束、罚单元及其在接触问题中的应用[J],上海力学,1984,5(4):16～27
[58] 孙林松等,接触问题有限元分析方法综述[J],水利水电科技进展,2001, 21(3)
[2] 谢来苏等.制浆原理与工程[M],北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001.5
[3] 刘长恩等.一种化学机械制浆方法及设备[J].中国专利,99120924.2001-04-25
[4] 董平等。BIVIS系统螺杆设计[J].大连轻工学院学报,1992,11(3)
[5] 刘长恩,岳金权.双螺旋辊式多功能磨浆机结构及其磨浆机理[J].中华纸业,2000,21(10):25
[6] 王平等.双螺杆磨浆机的研究与应用[J],中国造纸,2004,23(1)
[7] J.D. sinkey. Development of a third generation Refiner[M]. C-E Bauer internal correspondence. 1982
[8] Creusot Loine. Proscess for preparing a paper pulp [P]. EP,0017544.1980-10-15
[9] Banque De France, Clextral, Centre Tech Ind Papier. Method for the manufacture of a paper pulp for currency use [P]. US,4983256.1991-01-09
[10] Clextral. Method and Apparatus for Continuously Preparing Cellulose Pulp [P]. FR,2741638.1997-05-30
[11] 王丹.以Bivis法制高自度化学热磨机械浆[J].黑龙江造纸,1994(1):46
[12] 陈樵鉴.Bivis法制浆机理的探讨[C].中国造纸学会第八届学术年会论文集(上册),1997,11.1
[13] 刘长恩,朱孝生,王晋华等.双螺旋式磨浆机[P].中国专利,97214188.1998-09-01
[14] 刘长恩,岳金权.双螺旋辊式多功能磨浆机结构及其磨浆机理[J].中华纸业,2000,21(10):25
[15] M.L.Booy. GEOMETRY OF FULLY WIPED TWIN-SCREW EQUIPMENT[J]. Polymer Engineering and Science, 1978, (9): 973-984
[16] J.M.Harper. Extruded of foods[M],CRC Press Inc, 1981
[17] Machado,A.V;Covas.J.A;Van Duin. Evolution of morphology and of chemical conversion along the screw in a corotating twin-screw extruder[J], Journal of Applied Polymer Scince,v71 nl Jan 3 1999,135-141
[18] Carneiro.O.S.;Covas.J.A.;Vergnes.B. Experimental and theoretical study of twin-screw extrusion of polypropylene[J], Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Nov 2000,112-117
[19] T.D.Higgins, J.S.Soomtaranum. Experimental study of polymer blend mixing in twin-screw extruders[J], Polymers&polymer composites, Nov 4 1998,223-227
[20] Fukuoka, Takamasa. Numerical analysis of a reactive extrusion process. Part 2: Simulations and verifications for the twin screw extrusion[J], Polymer Engineering and Science, 12 Dec 2000,40
[21] Mielcarek, Daniel F. Techology advances in twin screw compounding lines[J],Proceedings of the Conference on Continuous Compounding in the 90's RETEC, NOV 30-DEC 2 1993,
[22] Lee,Anderson;Ferguson,Jamie. Optimization of large scale twin screw compounders[J], proceedings of the International Conference on Additives for Polyolefines, Feb 21, 1999
[23] Mielcarek,Daniel. Role of the twin screw extruder in recycled plastic compounds[J], Annual Recycling Conference, ARC, NOV 5,1997
[24] Bakalis,Serafim;Karwe, Mukund. V. Measurement of three-dimensional velocity field in the translational region of a co-rotating twin-screw extruder[J], Polymer Engineering and Sciences, 9 Sep, 1998
[25] 李品华.全啮合同向旋转双螺杆挤出机螺槽中物流停留时间分布的研究[J],机械设计与研究,1995,3,27-29
[26] 曹亚平等.工艺条件对单螺杆挤出机产量稳定的影响[J],塑料,2001,3
[27] 施丰等.啮合型双螺杆挤出机非常规螺纹元件设计新方法[J],中国塑料,2001,1
[28] 董力群等.新型锥形双螺杆——混炼型锥形双螺杆的研制[J],中国塑料,2001,7
[29] 张建敏等.同向双螺杆输送机螺纹曲线的修正[J],北京联合大学学报,1999,1
[30] 郭弈崇等.对组合式同向双螺杆螺纹元件端面结合误差的处理和控制[J],北京化工大学学报,1997,24(2):42-49
[31] 梁基照.挤出机螺杆加料段几何参数的优化设计[J],轻工机械,1994,4:19-22
[32] 丁应生等.螺旋面斜向扭转振动的传动和物料运动分析[J],武汉科技大学学报,2001,3:55-57
[33] 王效岳等.双向双螺杆挤出机的研究[J],机械科学与技术,1997,3
[34] 张裕中等.同向旋转双螺杆挤压机螺杆的计算机辅助设计[J],食品与机械,2000,5
[35] 瞿维国等.同向啮合型双螺杆挤压机挤压过程分析[J],粮油加工与食 品机械
[36] 肖文生等.双头双螺杆齿形线啮合原理[J],石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997,6
[37] 陈禹六.IDEF建模分析和设计方法[M],清华大学出版社,1995.5
[38] 陈禹六等.复查系统统用设计方法[M],北京,电子工业出版社,1991
[39] 刘培玉.面向对象数据库建模方法和逻辑设计[J],计算机应用和设计,1996(3):39-41
[40] 马尚才.在MIS中引入面向对象的系统分析技术[J],计算机应用和研究,1996(1):31-34
[41] 耿孝正.双螺杆挤出机及其应用[M],中国轻工业出版社,2003,207-209
[42] David B.Todd. APV(Baker perkins) Systems.Divid.B.Todd.Plastics Compounding[J]. Munich: Hanser Publisher, 1998
[43] Panl G. Andersen. The Wemer&Prleiderer Twin Screw Corotating Extruder System.David.B[J]. Todd. Plastics Compounding. Munich: Hanser Publisher,1998
[44] I.Manas-Zloczower Z.Tadmor. Mixing and Compounding of polymer---Theory and practice[J].New York: Hanser Publisher, 1998
[45] PRO/ENGINEER WILDFIRE Release Document [M], PTC Inc. 2003.9
[46] 郭奕崇.对组合式同向双螺杆螺纹元件端面接合误差的处理与控制[J],北京化工大学学报,1997,24(2)
[44] 耿孝正.双螺杆挤出机及其应用[M],中国轻工业出版社,2003,217-218
[47] 张林煊等.并行工程中的装配仿真系统及其关键技术研究[J],计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,1999(2)
[48] 杨培林等.并行工程中面向装配的设计[J],机械科学与技 术,2000(1):153～154
[49] 叶新朝等.面向装配的三维标准件库工具的研究和开发[J],机械科学与技术,2000(5):770～772
[50] 刘华玲,郭奕崇.同向双螺杆芯轴的受力分析[J],塑料,2004,33(2)
[51] 李猛,薛强,双螺杆应力集中分析及结果优化[J],机械设计与制造(已收录,2005.6发表)
[52] ANSYS Release 8.0 Document [M], ANSYS Inc. 2003.12
[53] 孙林松等,接触问题有限元分析方法总述[J],水利水电科技进展,2001.6
[54] 姜晋庆,弹塑性接触问题的分析方法[J],光学机械,1984.3
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