非饱和渗流条件下红层路堤稳定性研究
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摘要
随着铁路客运专线的发展，为了满足客运专线的运营要求，路基的设计思想与普通铁路相比需要有一个很大的转变，其中集中体现的一点：过去对路基工程主要满足在强度的要求上，而客运专线更体现在对路堤沉降的严格控制中，同时对路堤边坡的稳定性提出了更高的要求。由于路堤填土基本上都是非饱和土，其边坡稳定性和路堤变形理论与饱和土相比，更复杂，同时鉴于红层易于崩解等特性，因此对红层作为填料能否满足客运专线建设的需要作出评价更显得复杂。本论文针对红层泥岩发育的遂渝客运专线和达成复线客运专线建设，以侏罗系遂宁组泥岩为研究对象，对红层填料的工程地质特性、降雨下边坡的稳定性、非饱土路堤沉降计算理论进行了系统的研究。
采用常规化学方法、电子显微镜法、X射线衍射法和压汞试验对其化学成分、矿物成分、结构特征和物性参数进行了分析；通过室内膨胀试验和室内浸水与室外大气条件下崩解试验对红层填料的膨胀和崩解等水理性质进行了分析；同时通过三轴剪切试验、渗透试验、CBR试验和蠕变试验对不同压实度的红层填料抗压强度、抗剪强度、渗透性、浸水后承载能力、长期强度等主要工程特性进行了分析。
以FLAC~(2d)为基础，利用其自带的fish语言编制了考虑非饱和土水气两相渗流-地表径流耦合程序，假定坡面为不透水边界，利用解析解对坡面产流数学模型的数值解进行了验证，并且通过算例计算分析表明，为了准确地评价降雨对边坡稳定性的影响，建议采用耦合边界进行计算，同时考虑水气两相的流动。
通过建立考虑水气两相非饱和渗流的正演有限元模型，以数值模拟结果的出水时间为输入目标，以不同水平参数为输出目标，同时以模型试验结果为测试输入变量，利用径向基函数神经网络模型对不同压实系下红层填料非饱和土参数进行反演；并且利用反演的参数对不同压实下相应初始饱和度数值模拟水渗出时间与实际水渗出时间进行了比较，证明采用径向基函数神经网络模型对非饱和参数反演的可行性。
基于非饱和土单变量的有效应力理论为基础，建立了非饱和水气两相的流体-固体耦合方程，在考虑地表径流-地下渗流和流体-固体双耦合的情况下，以达成线K240+10～70段因降雨产生的边坡破坏为工程实例，对计算理论模型进行了数值验证，同时对各种影响边坡稳定性因素进行了数值计算，对其破坏范围、降雨引起的破坏深度和入渗深度进行了分析，综合各种影响因素，其中降雨强度和历时及长期强度的影响最为明显。
以单轴压缩红层蠕变试验为基础，提出基于非饱和土单变量理论的红层非饱和土路堤沉降计算理论；通过有限元对不同压实度下的整个离心试验加载过程进行了数值模拟，其结果与实际离心试验结果基本相符；同时通过算例对遂渝客运专线遂宁段某工点实际填筑过程的进行了数值模拟，并对其工后沉降进行了预则，结果表明与根据现场监测数据预测的结果相符。
With the development of railway line for passenger traffic, in order to cater operation requirements of railway line for passenger traffic, Subgrade design compared with ordinary railway is needed a great deal of change, which embodies the point: Subgrade past is mainly on the strength to cater the requirements, but it is emphasized on strict control of embankment settlement in subgrade design of railway line for passenger traffic, and meanwhile the embankment slope stability is needed higher requirements. While most embankments are basically unsaturated soil, slope stability and deformation theories of embankment compared with saturated soil, are more complex, in view of the red layers easily collapsed and other characteristics, therefore evaluations of red layers fillers which can cater needs of railway line for passenger traffic or not become more complex. In this paper directly towards constructions of railway line for passenger traffic from Chongqing to Suining, Sichuan and double line from Dazhou to Chengdu Sichuan, which are across development zones of red layers mudstone, with study of red layers mudstone of Jurassic Suining Group detailed studies are carried out on engineering geology characteristics of red layers fillers, slope stability subjected to rainfall, unsaturated soil embankment settlement.
With conventional chemical methods electron microscopy X-ray diffraction and mercury injection test, chemical mineral composition structural characteristics and physical parameters of red layers mudstone have been obtained; Hydrophysical properties of red lays fillers such as swelling and collapsion have been estimated by Laboratory testing of swelling and collapse indoor and outdoor;And at the same time through triaxial testing, penetration testing, CBR test and creep testing on different compactioning sample of the red layers, engineering characteristics of compressive strength shearing strength permeability bearing capacity After soaking and long-term strength have been analyzed.
Based on FLAC~(2d) with its built-in fish language,coupling procedures of unsaturated water-gas two phase flow and runoff have been compiled. On the assumption that the slope surface is of impermeable border, with the analytic solution of the slope runoff, the numerical solution has been testified and with example analysises ,it is showed that in order to accurately assess rainfall influence on the slope stability, coupling borders are proposed , water-gas two phase flow taken into condider.
In order to estimate seepage time of model test with different levels of parameters of red layers fillers of different compaction, FEM model of unsaturated water-gas two phase flow were established. With numerical simulation results for input targets different levels of parameters for output and simultaneously model test results for the input variables,unsaturated soil parameters of red layers fillers of different compaction were inversely deducted with RBF neural network model; and with the use of these different compaction parameters corresponding to the initial water saturation of model, numerical simulations on seepage of actual progress of model test were carried out , as a result seepages times of numerical simulation and model test are exactly the same which shows that it is feasible that unsaturated parameters are inversely deducted with RBF neural network model.
Based on effective stress theory of single variable of unsaturated soil, unsaturated water-gas two phase fluid-solid coupling equations are established. In considering runoff-underground seepage and fluid-solid coupling of the two, with numerical simulation of engineering examlpe of slope in K240+10～70, railway line from Dazhou to Chengdu, Sichuan, caused damage under rainfall, corresponding characteristics of damage of numerical simulation and examlpe are exactly the same which proves numerical simmlation is feasible, and what's more, with numerical simulations, effects of kinds of factors to slope stability subjected to rainfall were analyzed, with its scope and depth of damage and infiltration depth of rainfall, from which it can be concluded that the intensity of rainfall and lasted time and Long-term strength will cause more effects on slope stability subjected rainfall.
Based on results of uniaxial compression creep test of red layers and unsaturated soil single variable, theory of unsaturated soil embankment settlement of red layers is put forward; with numerical simulations of loading process of centrifugal tests, corresponding deformation characteristics are presented which are compared with result of centrifugal tests; and what's more through numerical simulation of embankment construction process of a worksite in Suining, railway line for passenger traffic from Chongqing to Suining, Deformation characteristics and predicted final settlement of numerical simulation and field measurements are exactly the same.
采用常规化学方法、电子显微镜法、X射线衍射法和压汞试验对其化学成分、矿物成分、结构特征和物性参数进行了分析；通过室内膨胀试验和室内浸水与室外大气条件下崩解试验对红层填料的膨胀和崩解等水理性质进行了分析；同时通过三轴剪切试验、渗透试验、CBR试验和蠕变试验对不同压实度的红层填料抗压强度、抗剪强度、渗透性、浸水后承载能力、长期强度等主要工程特性进行了分析。
以FLAC~(2d)为基础，利用其自带的fish语言编制了考虑非饱和土水气两相渗流-地表径流耦合程序，假定坡面为不透水边界，利用解析解对坡面产流数学模型的数值解进行了验证，并且通过算例计算分析表明，为了准确地评价降雨对边坡稳定性的影响，建议采用耦合边界进行计算，同时考虑水气两相的流动。
通过建立考虑水气两相非饱和渗流的正演有限元模型，以数值模拟结果的出水时间为输入目标，以不同水平参数为输出目标，同时以模型试验结果为测试输入变量，利用径向基函数神经网络模型对不同压实系下红层填料非饱和土参数进行反演；并且利用反演的参数对不同压实下相应初始饱和度数值模拟水渗出时间与实际水渗出时间进行了比较，证明采用径向基函数神经网络模型对非饱和参数反演的可行性。
基于非饱和土单变量的有效应力理论为基础，建立了非饱和水气两相的流体-固体耦合方程，在考虑地表径流-地下渗流和流体-固体双耦合的情况下，以达成线K240+10～70段因降雨产生的边坡破坏为工程实例，对计算理论模型进行了数值验证，同时对各种影响边坡稳定性因素进行了数值计算，对其破坏范围、降雨引起的破坏深度和入渗深度进行了分析，综合各种影响因素，其中降雨强度和历时及长期强度的影响最为明显。
以单轴压缩红层蠕变试验为基础，提出基于非饱和土单变量理论的红层非饱和土路堤沉降计算理论；通过有限元对不同压实度下的整个离心试验加载过程进行了数值模拟，其结果与实际离心试验结果基本相符；同时通过算例对遂渝客运专线遂宁段某工点实际填筑过程的进行了数值模拟，并对其工后沉降进行了预则，结果表明与根据现场监测数据预测的结果相符。
With the development of railway line for passenger traffic, in order to cater operation requirements of railway line for passenger traffic, Subgrade design compared with ordinary railway is needed a great deal of change, which embodies the point: Subgrade past is mainly on the strength to cater the requirements, but it is emphasized on strict control of embankment settlement in subgrade design of railway line for passenger traffic, and meanwhile the embankment slope stability is needed higher requirements. While most embankments are basically unsaturated soil, slope stability and deformation theories of embankment compared with saturated soil, are more complex, in view of the red layers easily collapsed and other characteristics, therefore evaluations of red layers fillers which can cater needs of railway line for passenger traffic or not become more complex. In this paper directly towards constructions of railway line for passenger traffic from Chongqing to Suining, Sichuan and double line from Dazhou to Chengdu Sichuan, which are across development zones of red layers mudstone, with study of red layers mudstone of Jurassic Suining Group detailed studies are carried out on engineering geology characteristics of red layers fillers, slope stability subjected to rainfall, unsaturated soil embankment settlement.
With conventional chemical methods electron microscopy X-ray diffraction and mercury injection test, chemical mineral composition structural characteristics and physical parameters of red layers mudstone have been obtained; Hydrophysical properties of red lays fillers such as swelling and collapsion have been estimated by Laboratory testing of swelling and collapse indoor and outdoor;And at the same time through triaxial testing, penetration testing, CBR test and creep testing on different compactioning sample of the red layers, engineering characteristics of compressive strength shearing strength permeability bearing capacity After soaking and long-term strength have been analyzed.
Based on FLAC~(2d) with its built-in fish language,coupling procedures of unsaturated water-gas two phase flow and runoff have been compiled. On the assumption that the slope surface is of impermeable border, with the analytic solution of the slope runoff, the numerical solution has been testified and with example analysises ,it is showed that in order to accurately assess rainfall influence on the slope stability, coupling borders are proposed , water-gas two phase flow taken into condider.
In order to estimate seepage time of model test with different levels of parameters of red layers fillers of different compaction, FEM model of unsaturated water-gas two phase flow were established. With numerical simulation results for input targets different levels of parameters for output and simultaneously model test results for the input variables,unsaturated soil parameters of red layers fillers of different compaction were inversely deducted with RBF neural network model; and with the use of these different compaction parameters corresponding to the initial water saturation of model, numerical simulations on seepage of actual progress of model test were carried out , as a result seepages times of numerical simulation and model test are exactly the same which shows that it is feasible that unsaturated parameters are inversely deducted with RBF neural network model.
Based on effective stress theory of single variable of unsaturated soil, unsaturated water-gas two phase fluid-solid coupling equations are established. In considering runoff-underground seepage and fluid-solid coupling of the two, with numerical simulation of engineering examlpe of slope in K240+10～70, railway line from Dazhou to Chengdu, Sichuan, caused damage under rainfall, corresponding characteristics of damage of numerical simulation and examlpe are exactly the same which proves numerical simmlation is feasible, and what's more, with numerical simulations, effects of kinds of factors to slope stability subjected to rainfall were analyzed, with its scope and depth of damage and infiltration depth of rainfall, from which it can be concluded that the intensity of rainfall and lasted time and Long-term strength will cause more effects on slope stability subjected rainfall.
Based on results of uniaxial compression creep test of red layers and unsaturated soil single variable, theory of unsaturated soil embankment settlement of red layers is put forward; with numerical simulations of loading process of centrifugal tests, corresponding deformation characteristics are presented which are compared with result of centrifugal tests; and what's more through numerical simulation of embankment construction process of a worksite in Suining, railway line for passenger traffic from Chongqing to Suining, Deformation characteristics and predicted final settlement of numerical simulation and field measurements are exactly the same.
引文
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