掺加抗车辙剂沥青混合料技术性能及其数值模拟研究
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摘要
随着交通量的增长、轴载的加重以及交通的渠化,沥青路面车辙是高速公路最主要的早期破坏现象。与开裂、水损坏相比,车辙不但会严重影响路面的服务水平,显著降低路面的使用寿命,而且维修最困难。因此各国都将防止车辙问题作为沥青路面的病害中最迫切需要解决的问题。在沥青混合料中掺加抗车辙剂为解决沥青路面车辙损坏提供了一个全新方案。
本文首先对XLPE改性工艺进行研究,根据XLPE材料的特点设计出湿法、干法改性工艺,通过路用性能试验研究,综合分析认为XLPE干法工艺改性效果最佳,其混合料在动稳定度、低温破坏应变以及冻融残留强度比等技术指标上均优于其他改性工艺。
为了全面了解抗车辙剂对沥青混合料的影响,选用海川、路孚8000、XLPE以及PRI等不同种类抗车辙剂、不同级配类型(C型和F型)、不同标号沥青(A-70和A-110)进行配合比试验以及路用性能试验研究,并与SBS改性沥青进行了对比;采用统计分析手段对抗车辙剂对路用性能的影响,以及对级配和沥青变化的敏感性分析。试验结果表明,抗车辙剂对提高沥青混合料高温稳定性、低温抗裂以及水稳定性能均有显著效果;选用F型级配的变化对掺加抗车辙剂沥青混合料低温抗裂有明显影响;沥青标号变化对于添加抗车辙沥青混合料60℃动稳定度有影响,对70℃动稳定度无影响,选择较软的沥青对于提高掺加抗车辙剂沥青混合料的抗裂性能有明显帮助。
针对常规低温抗裂试验的不足,基于断裂理论,深入分析了采用单边刻槽梁试件(SENB)沥青混合料低温断裂试验中预制疲劳裂尖、试件最小厚度以及裂尖处塑性区半径大小等问题对低温断裂试验结果的影响,提出沥青混合料低温断裂试验方法;对抗车辙剂对沥青混合料断裂韧性的影响,以及掺加抗车辙剂沥青混合料断裂韧性对级配变化和沥青品种变化敏感性进行了深入分析。试验结果表明加入抗车辙剂以可提高混合料的抗裂性能,且随着用量的增加而有一定的提高;选用较软的沥青可明显提高掺加抗车辙剂沥青混合料的低温抗裂性;唯一与低温弯曲试验结果不同的是,F型级配对提高掺加抗车辙剂沥青混合料的低温断裂性能作用并不明显。
采用非线性有限元方法,选用四参数蠕变材料模型,建立简化的沥青路面结构模型,计算了基质沥青、SBS改性沥青、XLPE改性混合料以及PRI改性混合料四种铺装方案的永久变形;分析了荷载圆下路面材料剪切流动的规律。分析结果表明,在较高温度条件下,基质沥青路面会产生严重的车辙变形,其他三个方案仅产生少量永久变形,抗车辙效果较好,PRI方案最好,XLPE方案次之,SBS改性稍次之。
运用热力耦合有限元手段,建立二维沥青路面结构模型,对基质沥青、SBS改性沥青、XLPE改性混合料以及PRI改性混合料四种铺装方案在变温过程中的温度场、应力场的变化进行数值计算,分别以存储强度和断裂阻力为指标对沥青路面的低温开裂进行判定评价,提出容许裂纹长度作为沥青路面抗裂能力的判断指标;并对导致沥青路面缺陷的原因进行了简单的分析。分析结果表明,传统的容许应力设计方法没有考虑到材料本身的缺陷,与实际路面状况不符,导致与断裂分析结果存在较大的区别;按容许裂纹长度对各方案低温抗裂进行排序:SBS改性沥青方案＞PRI改性混合料方案＞XLPE改性混合料方案＞基质沥青方案。
最后分析抽提试验回收的抗车辙剂颗粒变形体的形貌以及混合料的C和φ,深入探讨抗车辙剂在沥青混合料路用中的作用机理。认为抗车辙剂主要存在如下四方面作用提高沥青混合料路用性能:嵌挤作用、约束作用、胶结作用以及吸附作用。
With the growth of the volume of the traffic, aggravation of axis and canalization of traffic, the rutting of asphalt pavement has become the first ones of premature destroy phenomenon. Compared with cracking and moisture damage, the danger of the rutting is worse. It not only seriously affects the service level of the pavement, but also remarkably reduces the service life. And the rutting is most difficult to maintain, so some countries take the rutting as the most exigent problem to solve. In many technique measures which improve asphalt pavement surface the capability against rutting, the anti-rutting additive provides us an entirely new technique measure.
Firstly this paper discusses the method of XLPE modification. Based on the characteristics of XLPE, the wet method and the dry method are designed. Through the study on pavement performance tests, the dry method of XLPE modification is considered the best effect.
To investigate the influence of the anti-rutting additive on the performance of asphalt mixture deeply, Haichuan, LF8000, XLPE and PRI are chose to test. The experimental research are including: using the different types of the gradation (type C and type F)and different types of basic asphalt (A-70 and A-110) to do the mixture design, test the pavement performance such the stability as high temperature, the thermal crack resistance and the water stability, and make a comparison with the SBS modified asphalt. The method of statistical analysis is employed to analyze the influence of the anti-rutting additive, the dosage of it, the type of gradation and the type of basic asphalt on the asphalt mixture performance.
Based on fracture mechanics theory, the thesis discusses the influence of the fatigue precracking, the thickness of specimen beam and the radius size of plastic area around crack tip on the fracture toughness of asphalt mixture at low temperature by single edge notched bend (SENB) fracture test method. Based on upper research, the influence of anti-rutting additive, the dosage of it, basic asphalt and gradation on the fracture toughness of asphalt mixtures are studied deeply.
Using nonlinear finite element methods, the four-parameter creep model and a simple asphalt pavement structure, the thesis calculates pavement's permanent deformation of base asphalt, SBS modified asphalt, asphalt mixture by XLPE and PRI after 10000 times standard axle load at 48℃. According to these crunodes vector displacement, the law of shear flow of pavement material under the load circle is analyzed. In order to further understand the low-temperature cracking phenomenon of asphalt pavement, using simulation of thermal-mechanical coupling to establish two-dimensional asphalt pavement structure model which contains different length of cracks, numerical simulation calculation is carried out on the temperature field, stress field and stress intensity factor of base asphalt, SBS modified asphalt mixture, modified asphalt mixture by XLPE and PRI. Safety factor and fracture resistance are employed to judge and evaluate the thermal crack of asphalt pavement. Allowable crack length is put forward as the index of asphalt pavement's anti-crack performance. And reasons which cause the defects of asphalt pavement are simply discussed.
Based on the study of the deformed particle morphology of the anti-rutting additive reclaimed from the extraction test, C and f of the mixture, the mechanism that anti-rutting additive affect asphalt mixture performance is analyzed in depth.
本文首先对XLPE改性工艺进行研究,根据XLPE材料的特点设计出湿法、干法改性工艺,通过路用性能试验研究,综合分析认为XLPE干法工艺改性效果最佳,其混合料在动稳定度、低温破坏应变以及冻融残留强度比等技术指标上均优于其他改性工艺。
为了全面了解抗车辙剂对沥青混合料的影响,选用海川、路孚8000、XLPE以及PRI等不同种类抗车辙剂、不同级配类型(C型和F型)、不同标号沥青(A-70和A-110)进行配合比试验以及路用性能试验研究,并与SBS改性沥青进行了对比;采用统计分析手段对抗车辙剂对路用性能的影响,以及对级配和沥青变化的敏感性分析。试验结果表明,抗车辙剂对提高沥青混合料高温稳定性、低温抗裂以及水稳定性能均有显著效果;选用F型级配的变化对掺加抗车辙剂沥青混合料低温抗裂有明显影响;沥青标号变化对于添加抗车辙沥青混合料60℃动稳定度有影响,对70℃动稳定度无影响,选择较软的沥青对于提高掺加抗车辙剂沥青混合料的抗裂性能有明显帮助。
针对常规低温抗裂试验的不足,基于断裂理论,深入分析了采用单边刻槽梁试件(SENB)沥青混合料低温断裂试验中预制疲劳裂尖、试件最小厚度以及裂尖处塑性区半径大小等问题对低温断裂试验结果的影响,提出沥青混合料低温断裂试验方法;对抗车辙剂对沥青混合料断裂韧性的影响,以及掺加抗车辙剂沥青混合料断裂韧性对级配变化和沥青品种变化敏感性进行了深入分析。试验结果表明加入抗车辙剂以可提高混合料的抗裂性能,且随着用量的增加而有一定的提高;选用较软的沥青可明显提高掺加抗车辙剂沥青混合料的低温抗裂性;唯一与低温弯曲试验结果不同的是,F型级配对提高掺加抗车辙剂沥青混合料的低温断裂性能作用并不明显。
采用非线性有限元方法,选用四参数蠕变材料模型,建立简化的沥青路面结构模型,计算了基质沥青、SBS改性沥青、XLPE改性混合料以及PRI改性混合料四种铺装方案的永久变形;分析了荷载圆下路面材料剪切流动的规律。分析结果表明,在较高温度条件下,基质沥青路面会产生严重的车辙变形,其他三个方案仅产生少量永久变形,抗车辙效果较好,PRI方案最好,XLPE方案次之,SBS改性稍次之。
运用热力耦合有限元手段,建立二维沥青路面结构模型,对基质沥青、SBS改性沥青、XLPE改性混合料以及PRI改性混合料四种铺装方案在变温过程中的温度场、应力场的变化进行数值计算,分别以存储强度和断裂阻力为指标对沥青路面的低温开裂进行判定评价,提出容许裂纹长度作为沥青路面抗裂能力的判断指标;并对导致沥青路面缺陷的原因进行了简单的分析。分析结果表明,传统的容许应力设计方法没有考虑到材料本身的缺陷,与实际路面状况不符,导致与断裂分析结果存在较大的区别;按容许裂纹长度对各方案低温抗裂进行排序:SBS改性沥青方案＞PRI改性混合料方案＞XLPE改性混合料方案＞基质沥青方案。
最后分析抽提试验回收的抗车辙剂颗粒变形体的形貌以及混合料的C和φ,深入探讨抗车辙剂在沥青混合料路用中的作用机理。认为抗车辙剂主要存在如下四方面作用提高沥青混合料路用性能:嵌挤作用、约束作用、胶结作用以及吸附作用。
With the growth of the volume of the traffic, aggravation of axis and canalization of traffic, the rutting of asphalt pavement has become the first ones of premature destroy phenomenon. Compared with cracking and moisture damage, the danger of the rutting is worse. It not only seriously affects the service level of the pavement, but also remarkably reduces the service life. And the rutting is most difficult to maintain, so some countries take the rutting as the most exigent problem to solve. In many technique measures which improve asphalt pavement surface the capability against rutting, the anti-rutting additive provides us an entirely new technique measure.
Firstly this paper discusses the method of XLPE modification. Based on the characteristics of XLPE, the wet method and the dry method are designed. Through the study on pavement performance tests, the dry method of XLPE modification is considered the best effect.
To investigate the influence of the anti-rutting additive on the performance of asphalt mixture deeply, Haichuan, LF8000, XLPE and PRI are chose to test. The experimental research are including: using the different types of the gradation (type C and type F)and different types of basic asphalt (A-70 and A-110) to do the mixture design, test the pavement performance such the stability as high temperature, the thermal crack resistance and the water stability, and make a comparison with the SBS modified asphalt. The method of statistical analysis is employed to analyze the influence of the anti-rutting additive, the dosage of it, the type of gradation and the type of basic asphalt on the asphalt mixture performance.
Based on fracture mechanics theory, the thesis discusses the influence of the fatigue precracking, the thickness of specimen beam and the radius size of plastic area around crack tip on the fracture toughness of asphalt mixture at low temperature by single edge notched bend (SENB) fracture test method. Based on upper research, the influence of anti-rutting additive, the dosage of it, basic asphalt and gradation on the fracture toughness of asphalt mixtures are studied deeply.
Using nonlinear finite element methods, the four-parameter creep model and a simple asphalt pavement structure, the thesis calculates pavement's permanent deformation of base asphalt, SBS modified asphalt, asphalt mixture by XLPE and PRI after 10000 times standard axle load at 48℃. According to these crunodes vector displacement, the law of shear flow of pavement material under the load circle is analyzed. In order to further understand the low-temperature cracking phenomenon of asphalt pavement, using simulation of thermal-mechanical coupling to establish two-dimensional asphalt pavement structure model which contains different length of cracks, numerical simulation calculation is carried out on the temperature field, stress field and stress intensity factor of base asphalt, SBS modified asphalt mixture, modified asphalt mixture by XLPE and PRI. Safety factor and fracture resistance are employed to judge and evaluate the thermal crack of asphalt pavement. Allowable crack length is put forward as the index of asphalt pavement's anti-crack performance. And reasons which cause the defects of asphalt pavement are simply discussed.
Based on the study of the deformed particle morphology of the anti-rutting additive reclaimed from the extraction test, C and f of the mixture, the mechanism that anti-rutting additive affect asphalt mixture performance is analyzed in depth.
引文
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