疏水疏油纳米银镀膜冠状动脉支架的研究
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摘要
目的：在316L不锈钢材料表面制备纳米结构，改善316L不锈钢表面疏水、疏油性能，观察银纳米镀层对血液相容性及细胞相容性的影响，并在316L不锈钢冠脉支架表面制备银纳米镀层，利用动物实验探讨其在生物体内抗支架内血栓及支架内再狭窄的能力，为冠状动脉支架表面改性研究提供依据。
方法：本研究采用恒电位电沉积的方法在316L不锈钢表面沉积银纳米镀层，并将钢板置于全氟硅烷溶液中浸泡，达到改变钢板表面微观形貌，改善钢板疏水、疏油性能的目的。电镜及红外光谱检测均证实银纳米涂层成功沉积在316L不锈钢表面，且测试疏水角、疏油角和表面银纳米颗粒直径。通过动态凝血实验、抗凝血时间测定、血小板粘附实验、溶血实验、蛋白吸附实验等手段，测试银镀膜全氟硅烷浸泡316L不锈钢的血液相容性。并通过细胞粘附实验、MTT法及流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的方法测试细胞相容性。将银镀膜全氟硅烷浸泡316L不锈钢具有不同疏水疏油性能的冠脉支架置入兔腹主动脉内，通过比较置入时和1个月后的造影及血管内超声结果，并对比病理切片结果，判断体内环境下，纳米结构及疏水疏油性能改变对内皮化、血栓形成及再狭窄的影响。
结果：316L不锈钢利用恒电位电沉积法进行表面沉积银纳米镀层，并以全氟硅烷浸泡后，具备了一定的微相粗糙度，并改善了疏水、疏油性能，血液相容性的很多指标较裸钢板明显改善。比如血小板粘附数量、激活程度、白蛋白吸附量，而抗凝血性能、溶血率及纤维蛋白吸附量至少不次于裸钢板。其中，800s和1600s电镀处理组的抗凝血性能及抗血小板吸附激活能力好于2000s及4000s组。细胞粘附试验，各组全氟硅烷浸泡银纳米镀层疏水、疏油性能改善钢板结果明显好于裸钢板，MTT与流式细胞仪检测显示，疏水、疏油性能改善对细胞相容性无明显影响。动物实验部分，疏水疏油性能改善的316L不锈钢制成的支架置入动物体内后较裸支架不增加置入当时及1个月时血栓发生率，支架具有良好的组织相容性，在支架周围组织没有明显的炎症反应，各组全氟硅烷浸泡的纳米银镀膜316L不锈钢支架内膜厚度都较裸支架薄，内膜面积较裸支架小，其中800s，1600s，4000s均有显著统计学意义（P<0.05）；而中膜厚度、中膜面积，800s，1600s，2000s较裸支架薄，具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,4000s与裸支架类似；管腔面积方面，各组之间无统计学意义的差别，但是800s，1600s，2000s组较裸支架组增大。
结论：在316L不锈钢表面进行银镀膜并在氟化硅烷中浸泡后，可以形成表面纳米结构，可改善316L不锈钢的疏水疏油性能，并具有良好地血液相容性及细胞相容性。银镀膜全氟硅烷浸泡316L不锈钢支架不影响急性或亚急性血栓形成，并可以加速血管内皮化过程，减少支架内再狭窄的发生。
Coronary artery stent is breakthrough of coronary heart disease treatment intwenty century, saved a lot of patients, but so far, stent is not so perfect, thebiggest two problems are stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis. Good bloodcompatibility and cell compatibility is the precondition of solving the twoproblems above, what’s more,we need to find a balance betweenendothelialization and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation.The hydrophobic performance, oleophobic property and surface nanometermicrostructure greatly influences the endothelialization and inhibition ofvascular smooth muscle cells proliferation.There are few researchs abouthydrophobic and oleophobic property’s effects on blood compatibility and cellcompatibility.There is no reports about using nanotecnology to improve316lstainless steel stents’ hydrophobic performance and oleophobic property orverifying performance of stents through animal experiments. In this research，Ag nanoparticles films were prepared by electrodeposition，The thin films werethen treated with a avantin solution of1H,1H,2H,2H–Perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (0.25v/v) for20h. After these solution，316L stainless steel’ssurface mircoscopic view changed, so we succeed to improve thehydrophobicity and oleophobic property， this paper discusses how thenanoscale microstructure and the change of the hydrophobic and oleophobicperformance improve the performance of coronary stents. It may provide areference to the new coronary stents research in the future.
In this research， Ag nanoparticles films were prepared byelectrodeposition，The thin films were then treated with a avantin solution of1H,1H,2H,2H–Perfluorooctyl triethoxysilane (0.25v/v) for20h. After thesesolution，316L stainless steel’s surface mircoscopic view changed, so wesucceed to improve the hydrophobicity and oleophobic property. Both electronmicroscopy (sem) and infrared spectrum detection confirmed Ag nanoparticleshad already successfully deposited on the316l stainless steel surface, Different depositing time makes different diameters of Ag nanoparticles,between90to130nm. The hydrophobicity contact Angle is between130to143°higher than60°of bare steel,the oleophobic contact Angle is between between66to76°higher than0°of bare steel. By dynamic blood coagulation experiment,Anticoagulant time measurement, Platelet adhesion experiment, hemolysis test,Protein adsorption experiment, we test the blood compatibility effect of thefilms. Cell compatibility is tested by cell adhesion experiment, MTT and flowcytometry detection. Ag nanoparticles coating316l stainless steel stents’ bloodcompatibility is obviously improved compared with bare steel,such as thenumber of platelet adhesion, activation degree, albumin adsorption, andanticoagulation. Indicators, hemolysis rate and fiber protein adsorption, are atleast not inferior to bare steel. Among electrodeposition groups,800s and1600s groups’ anticoagulation property and antiplatelet performance are betterthan2000s and4000s groups. In the cell adhesion test, all Ag nanoparticlesgroups results are significantly better than bare steel, MTT and flow cytometryinstrument testing showed cell compatibility is the same with bare steel group.In vivo,we put Ag nanoparticles coronary stents in rabbit abdominal aorta,then we make an angiography and intravascular ultrasound immediately and1month later.Besides angiography and intravascular ultrasound, we contrastpathological findings to judge the nano structure and hydrophobic oleophobicperformance influence in endothelialization, thrombosis and restenosis.Compared with bare steel stent,Ag nanoparticles coronary stent supportedgood histocompatibility,doesn’t increase the incidence of thrombosis in1month, surrounding the stents,tissues have no obvious inflammation, Agnanoparticles coronary stent’s intima thickness was thinner than barestents,intima area is smaller than bare metal stents,800s,1600s,4000sgroups have obvious statistical significance (P <0.05); tunica media thicknessand area have a negative change in800s，1600s，2000s groups，have obviousstatistical significance (P<0.05),4000s groups is similar to the bare stent group.Lumen area of all groups has no obvious statistical significance.But 800s,1600s,2000s groups are larger than the other groups.
This study shows that electrodeposition of Ag nanoparticles can formsurface nano structure on316l stainless steel, can improve the316l stainlesssteel hydrophobic and oleophobic performance, the stents with Agnanoparticles have good blood compatibility and cell compatibility,does notaffect the acute or subacute thrombosis, and can accelerate vascularendothelial process, reduce the occurrence of stent restenosis.
方法：本研究采用恒电位电沉积的方法在316L不锈钢表面沉积银纳米镀层，并将钢板置于全氟硅烷溶液中浸泡，达到改变钢板表面微观形貌，改善钢板疏水、疏油性能的目的。电镜及红外光谱检测均证实银纳米涂层成功沉积在316L不锈钢表面，且测试疏水角、疏油角和表面银纳米颗粒直径。通过动态凝血实验、抗凝血时间测定、血小板粘附实验、溶血实验、蛋白吸附实验等手段，测试银镀膜全氟硅烷浸泡316L不锈钢的血液相容性。并通过细胞粘附实验、MTT法及流式细胞仪检测细胞周期的方法测试细胞相容性。将银镀膜全氟硅烷浸泡316L不锈钢具有不同疏水疏油性能的冠脉支架置入兔腹主动脉内，通过比较置入时和1个月后的造影及血管内超声结果，并对比病理切片结果，判断体内环境下，纳米结构及疏水疏油性能改变对内皮化、血栓形成及再狭窄的影响。
结果：316L不锈钢利用恒电位电沉积法进行表面沉积银纳米镀层，并以全氟硅烷浸泡后，具备了一定的微相粗糙度，并改善了疏水、疏油性能，血液相容性的很多指标较裸钢板明显改善。比如血小板粘附数量、激活程度、白蛋白吸附量，而抗凝血性能、溶血率及纤维蛋白吸附量至少不次于裸钢板。其中，800s和1600s电镀处理组的抗凝血性能及抗血小板吸附激活能力好于2000s及4000s组。细胞粘附试验，各组全氟硅烷浸泡银纳米镀层疏水、疏油性能改善钢板结果明显好于裸钢板，MTT与流式细胞仪检测显示，疏水、疏油性能改善对细胞相容性无明显影响。动物实验部分，疏水疏油性能改善的316L不锈钢制成的支架置入动物体内后较裸支架不增加置入当时及1个月时血栓发生率，支架具有良好的组织相容性，在支架周围组织没有明显的炎症反应，各组全氟硅烷浸泡的纳米银镀膜316L不锈钢支架内膜厚度都较裸支架薄，内膜面积较裸支架小，其中800s，1600s，4000s均有显著统计学意义（P<0.05）；而中膜厚度、中膜面积，800s，1600s，2000s较裸支架薄，具有统计学意义（P<0.05）,4000s与裸支架类似；管腔面积方面，各组之间无统计学意义的差别，但是800s，1600s，2000s组较裸支架组增大。
结论：在316L不锈钢表面进行银镀膜并在氟化硅烷中浸泡后，可以形成表面纳米结构，可改善316L不锈钢的疏水疏油性能，并具有良好地血液相容性及细胞相容性。银镀膜全氟硅烷浸泡316L不锈钢支架不影响急性或亚急性血栓形成，并可以加速血管内皮化过程，减少支架内再狭窄的发生。
Coronary artery stent is breakthrough of coronary heart disease treatment intwenty century, saved a lot of patients, but so far, stent is not so perfect, thebiggest two problems are stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis. Good bloodcompatibility and cell compatibility is the precondition of solving the twoproblems above, what’s more,we need to find a balance betweenendothelialization and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation.The hydrophobic performance, oleophobic property and surface nanometermicrostructure greatly influences the endothelialization and inhibition ofvascular smooth muscle cells proliferation.There are few researchs abouthydrophobic and oleophobic property’s effects on blood compatibility and cellcompatibility.There is no reports about using nanotecnology to improve316lstainless steel stents’ hydrophobic performance and oleophobic property orverifying performance of stents through animal experiments. In this research，Ag nanoparticles films were prepared by electrodeposition，The thin films werethen treated with a avantin solution of1H,1H,2H,2H–Perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane (0.25v/v) for20h. After these solution，316L stainless steel’ssurface mircoscopic view changed, so we succeed to improve thehydrophobicity and oleophobic property， this paper discusses how thenanoscale microstructure and the change of the hydrophobic and oleophobicperformance improve the performance of coronary stents. It may provide areference to the new coronary stents research in the future.
In this research， Ag nanoparticles films were prepared byelectrodeposition，The thin films were then treated with a avantin solution of1H,1H,2H,2H–Perfluorooctyl triethoxysilane (0.25v/v) for20h. After thesesolution，316L stainless steel’s surface mircoscopic view changed, so wesucceed to improve the hydrophobicity and oleophobic property. Both electronmicroscopy (sem) and infrared spectrum detection confirmed Ag nanoparticleshad already successfully deposited on the316l stainless steel surface, Different depositing time makes different diameters of Ag nanoparticles,between90to130nm. The hydrophobicity contact Angle is between130to143°higher than60°of bare steel,the oleophobic contact Angle is between between66to76°higher than0°of bare steel. By dynamic blood coagulation experiment,Anticoagulant time measurement, Platelet adhesion experiment, hemolysis test,Protein adsorption experiment, we test the blood compatibility effect of thefilms. Cell compatibility is tested by cell adhesion experiment, MTT and flowcytometry detection. Ag nanoparticles coating316l stainless steel stents’ bloodcompatibility is obviously improved compared with bare steel,such as thenumber of platelet adhesion, activation degree, albumin adsorption, andanticoagulation. Indicators, hemolysis rate and fiber protein adsorption, are atleast not inferior to bare steel. Among electrodeposition groups,800s and1600s groups’ anticoagulation property and antiplatelet performance are betterthan2000s and4000s groups. In the cell adhesion test, all Ag nanoparticlesgroups results are significantly better than bare steel, MTT and flow cytometryinstrument testing showed cell compatibility is the same with bare steel group.In vivo,we put Ag nanoparticles coronary stents in rabbit abdominal aorta,then we make an angiography and intravascular ultrasound immediately and1month later.Besides angiography and intravascular ultrasound, we contrastpathological findings to judge the nano structure and hydrophobic oleophobicperformance influence in endothelialization, thrombosis and restenosis.Compared with bare steel stent,Ag nanoparticles coronary stent supportedgood histocompatibility,doesn’t increase the incidence of thrombosis in1month, surrounding the stents,tissues have no obvious inflammation, Agnanoparticles coronary stent’s intima thickness was thinner than barestents,intima area is smaller than bare metal stents,800s,1600s,4000sgroups have obvious statistical significance (P <0.05); tunica media thicknessand area have a negative change in800s，1600s，2000s groups，have obviousstatistical significance (P<0.05),4000s groups is similar to the bare stent group.Lumen area of all groups has no obvious statistical significance.But 800s,1600s,2000s groups are larger than the other groups.
This study shows that electrodeposition of Ag nanoparticles can formsurface nano structure on316l stainless steel, can improve the316l stainlesssteel hydrophobic and oleophobic performance, the stents with Agnanoparticles have good blood compatibility and cell compatibility,does notaffect the acute or subacute thrombosis, and can accelerate vascularendothelial process, reduce the occurrence of stent restenosis.
引文
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