蛋氨酸锌对奶牛泌乳及繁殖性能影响的研究
|
摘要
本试验旨在研究蛋氨酸锌对奶牛泌乳性能及繁殖性能的影响，并筛选出奶牛日粮中适宜的蛋氨酸锌添加剂量。
选取泌乳量、体重差异不显著，胎次2-3胎，平均在预产期前40-50天，且健康无疾病的经产奶牛60头。奶牛随机分成4组，每组15头，供试验用。各组奶牛均饲喂含锌量37.15mg／kg(以干物质计量)的基础日粮，其中，A组=基础日粮(对照组)；B组=基础日粮+120mg／kg蛋氨酸锌；C组=基础日粮+240mg／kg蛋氨酸锌；D组=基础日粮+360mg／kg蛋氨酸锌，预试期为10天。试验方法及所测指标如下：于产后第七天到第十四天记录日产奶量，最后计算每组平均日产奶量；每组随机抽取分娩后第七天、第十四天的奶样，测定乳糖、乳蛋白、乳脂、乳锌含量及乳体细胞数；于产后第七天，随机采取奶牛血样，测定血清中PRL含量；于发情周期的当天和第12天，随机采取血样，测定血清中雌二醇(Estradiol，E2)和孕酮(Progesterone，P)的浓度；记录奶牛的分娩情况、犊牛初生重、产后第一次发情日期、产后发情周期，并采用人工授精技术进行受精，记录第一情期受胎率，最后取平均值，作为衡量奶牛繁殖性能的指标。试验结果如下：
对泌乳性能的影响：B、C、D组日均产奶量依次为23.65kg／d、23.67kg／d、23.72kg／d，较对照组(22.41kg／d)分别提高了5.53％、5.85％、5.58％，且差异显著(P＜0.05)。试验组间差异不显著(P＞0.05)，添加360mg／kg蛋氨酸锌组日均产奶量比添加240mg／kg组日均产奶量低0.05kg／d，说明产奶量并不是随着蛋氨酸锌添加量的增加而增加的；随着日粮添加蛋氨酸锌水平的增加，试验组乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖含量较对照组均有不同程度的增加，但差异不显著(P＞0.05)；随蛋氨酸锌水平的升高，乳锌含量较对照组显著增加，但增加的幅度逐渐减小。试验组B与C、D两组差异显著(P＜0.05)，C、D两组间差异不显著(P＞0.05)；B、C、D组的乳体细胞数较对照组显著降低，且B组与C、D两组间也表现出显著差异。随蛋氨酸锌添加量的增加，乳体细胞数降低幅度逐渐减小。
对繁殖性能的影响：添加蛋氨酸锌组的正常分娩率为80％、93.33％、93.33％，较对照组(73.33％)有一定程度的改善；试验组犊牛初生重与对照组犊牛初生重差异不显著(P＞0.05)，但数据结果显示，日粮添加蛋氨酸锌有使犊牛初生重增加的趋势；日粮添加蛋氨酸锌可使奶牛产后发情提前，且差异显著(P＜0.05)，其中，添加蛋氨酸锌240mg／kg组提前的幅度较大，提前了5.8d；试验组发情周期与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05)，均在正常范围之内；B、C、D组血清促乳素含量均比对照组高，且差异显著(P＜0.05)，依次增加1.46ng／ml、3.08ng／ml、3.45ng／ml，试验组B与C、D两组间也达到显著差异(P＜0.05)。血清促乳素含量随蛋氨酸锌添加量的增加而增加，但增加的幅度逐渐减小；日粮添加蛋氨酸锌组，与对照组相比，在奶牛发情周期的发情期和黄体期，均可使奶牛血清中E_2、P_4含量增加，在发情期，E_2血清含量增加明显，在黄体期P_4增加明显，但差异不显著(P＞0.05)；添加蛋氨酸锌试验组，与对照组相比，第一情期受胎率得到了提高，依次提高了6.66％、20.00％、20.00％。
试验研究结果表明，在日粮中添加蛋氨酸锌，对奶牛的泌乳性能及繁殖性能有一定的促进作用。对各项指标所测得的数据进行统计分析，综合评定认为，在含锌37.15mg／kg(以干物质计量)的基础日粮中，添加240mg／kg蛋氨酸锌为宜，可作为奶牛日粮中锌添加量的参考数据。
The objections of this study are to determine the effects of the different levels of Zinc-Methionine(Zn-met) supplemented on on lactational performance and reproductive performance in dairy cows,and find out the suitable does.
Sixty multiparity(parity 2or3),healthy dairy cows,which had the adjacent milk yield and body weight,and at 40-50 mean days in preterm.Cows were randomly assigned to four groups(A,B,CD),fifteen cows of each group.Groups were feeded with routine dietary(Zn37.15mg/kgDM),among which,group A was used to as the control group(routine dietary) andB,C,D groups were added 120mg/kg,240mg/kg,360mg/kg Zn-Met in routine dietary. Pretesting date was 10 days.The testing methods and targets were shown as below:Recorded milk weights from the 7th day postpartum to 15th day postpartum,and calculate the average day-milk yield;Milk samples were draw in 7th day and 14th day postpartum,and testing the milk fat,milk lactose,milk protein,milk Zn and the milk somatic cell counts(SCC);Blood samples were adopted at the 7th day postpartum,testing the levels of serum PRL; Blood samples adopted at the 1st day and the 12th day(oestrus and luteal phase) in oestrous cycle were used to test the levels of E_2 and P_4 in serum;In the experimental stage, registering the condition of parturition, the mean birth weight of calves,the first oestrus,the oestrus scycle postpartum and the conception rate of the first service after artificial insemination.The above targets were all took general average as indexes judging the reproductive performance of dairy cows.The results as follow:
Effects on lactational performance:The milk yields of the B,C,D groups were 23.65kg/d、23.67kg/d、23.72kg/d,respectively,were 5.53%、5.85%、5.58% significantly higher than A group(22.41kg/d)(P<0.05), but no significant difference(P>0.05) among the B,C,D groups,furthermore, D group was 0.05 kg/d lower than the C group;With the augment of the levels of supplemented Zn-Met.the milk fat, milk lactose,milk protein of treatment groups increased in different extent than the control group,but no significant difference(P>0.05); With the augment of the levels of supplemented Zn-Met,the content of milk Zn increased significantly(P<0.05),but the increasing extent went down gradually.Group C,D were significantly different from group B(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between group C and D;Th.e milk somatic cell counts(SCC) of group B.C and D decreased significantly than the control group.But with the augment of the levels of supplemented Zn-Met,the extent of decreasing diminished gradually.
Effects on reproductive performance: The normal delivery of group B,C and D were 80%、93.33%、93.33%,respectively,were improved by a certain extent comparing with the control group; The mean birth weight of calves were not significantly different between the trial and control groups.But numerical datas shown that supplementing Zn-Met in dietary had the tendency to increase the birth weight of calves; Supplementing Zn-Met in dietary can make dairy cows express empathema earlier,and significantly(P<0.05).Among the trial groups,the advanced extent of the group C was comparatively large(5.8d);The oestrous cycles were all in normal range and not significantly different; The levels of serum PRL of group B,C and D were significantly(P<0.05) 1.46 ng/ml、3.08 ng/ml、3.45 ng/ml higher than the group A(control group). The levels of serum PRL increased with the augment of Zn-Met,but the extent of increasing diminished gradually,as well,the group B was significantly different from group B and D;Comparing with the control group,the trail group had the higher content of E_2 and P_4 both in oestrus and luteal phase. In oestrus,the content of E_2 improved obviously,and in luteal phase, the content of P_4 obviously,but all not significantly different(P>0.05);Comparing with the control group.the conception rate of the first service increased 6.66、20.00、20.00 percentage points.So,Zn-Met is good at increasing the conception rate of the first service.
Results shown that, Supplementing Zn-Met in dietary had some certain promotion on the lactational performance and reproductive performance in dairy cows.Analysis indicated that,the 240mg/kg supplementing amount was the best in the normal dietary(Zn37.15mg/kgDM) and could be used as reference data of the Zn supplementing amount in dietary.
选取泌乳量、体重差异不显著，胎次2-3胎，平均在预产期前40-50天，且健康无疾病的经产奶牛60头。奶牛随机分成4组，每组15头，供试验用。各组奶牛均饲喂含锌量37.15mg／kg(以干物质计量)的基础日粮，其中，A组=基础日粮(对照组)；B组=基础日粮+120mg／kg蛋氨酸锌；C组=基础日粮+240mg／kg蛋氨酸锌；D组=基础日粮+360mg／kg蛋氨酸锌，预试期为10天。试验方法及所测指标如下：于产后第七天到第十四天记录日产奶量，最后计算每组平均日产奶量；每组随机抽取分娩后第七天、第十四天的奶样，测定乳糖、乳蛋白、乳脂、乳锌含量及乳体细胞数；于产后第七天，随机采取奶牛血样，测定血清中PRL含量；于发情周期的当天和第12天，随机采取血样，测定血清中雌二醇(Estradiol，E2)和孕酮(Progesterone，P)的浓度；记录奶牛的分娩情况、犊牛初生重、产后第一次发情日期、产后发情周期，并采用人工授精技术进行受精，记录第一情期受胎率，最后取平均值，作为衡量奶牛繁殖性能的指标。试验结果如下：
对泌乳性能的影响：B、C、D组日均产奶量依次为23.65kg／d、23.67kg／d、23.72kg／d，较对照组(22.41kg／d)分别提高了5.53％、5.85％、5.58％，且差异显著(P＜0.05)。试验组间差异不显著(P＞0.05)，添加360mg／kg蛋氨酸锌组日均产奶量比添加240mg／kg组日均产奶量低0.05kg／d，说明产奶量并不是随着蛋氨酸锌添加量的增加而增加的；随着日粮添加蛋氨酸锌水平的增加，试验组乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖含量较对照组均有不同程度的增加，但差异不显著(P＞0.05)；随蛋氨酸锌水平的升高，乳锌含量较对照组显著增加，但增加的幅度逐渐减小。试验组B与C、D两组差异显著(P＜0.05)，C、D两组间差异不显著(P＞0.05)；B、C、D组的乳体细胞数较对照组显著降低，且B组与C、D两组间也表现出显著差异。随蛋氨酸锌添加量的增加，乳体细胞数降低幅度逐渐减小。
对繁殖性能的影响：添加蛋氨酸锌组的正常分娩率为80％、93.33％、93.33％，较对照组(73.33％)有一定程度的改善；试验组犊牛初生重与对照组犊牛初生重差异不显著(P＞0.05)，但数据结果显示，日粮添加蛋氨酸锌有使犊牛初生重增加的趋势；日粮添加蛋氨酸锌可使奶牛产后发情提前，且差异显著(P＜0.05)，其中，添加蛋氨酸锌240mg／kg组提前的幅度较大，提前了5.8d；试验组发情周期与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05)，均在正常范围之内；B、C、D组血清促乳素含量均比对照组高，且差异显著(P＜0.05)，依次增加1.46ng／ml、3.08ng／ml、3.45ng／ml，试验组B与C、D两组间也达到显著差异(P＜0.05)。血清促乳素含量随蛋氨酸锌添加量的增加而增加，但增加的幅度逐渐减小；日粮添加蛋氨酸锌组，与对照组相比，在奶牛发情周期的发情期和黄体期，均可使奶牛血清中E_2、P_4含量增加，在发情期，E_2血清含量增加明显，在黄体期P_4增加明显，但差异不显著(P＞0.05)；添加蛋氨酸锌试验组，与对照组相比，第一情期受胎率得到了提高，依次提高了6.66％、20.00％、20.00％。
试验研究结果表明，在日粮中添加蛋氨酸锌，对奶牛的泌乳性能及繁殖性能有一定的促进作用。对各项指标所测得的数据进行统计分析，综合评定认为，在含锌37.15mg／kg(以干物质计量)的基础日粮中，添加240mg／kg蛋氨酸锌为宜，可作为奶牛日粮中锌添加量的参考数据。
The objections of this study are to determine the effects of the different levels of Zinc-Methionine(Zn-met) supplemented on on lactational performance and reproductive performance in dairy cows,and find out the suitable does.
Sixty multiparity(parity 2or3),healthy dairy cows,which had the adjacent milk yield and body weight,and at 40-50 mean days in preterm.Cows were randomly assigned to four groups(A,B,CD),fifteen cows of each group.Groups were feeded with routine dietary(Zn37.15mg/kgDM),among which,group A was used to as the control group(routine dietary) andB,C,D groups were added 120mg/kg,240mg/kg,360mg/kg Zn-Met in routine dietary. Pretesting date was 10 days.The testing methods and targets were shown as below:Recorded milk weights from the 7th day postpartum to 15th day postpartum,and calculate the average day-milk yield;Milk samples were draw in 7th day and 14th day postpartum,and testing the milk fat,milk lactose,milk protein,milk Zn and the milk somatic cell counts(SCC);Blood samples were adopted at the 7th day postpartum,testing the levels of serum PRL; Blood samples adopted at the 1st day and the 12th day(oestrus and luteal phase) in oestrous cycle were used to test the levels of E_2 and P_4 in serum;In the experimental stage, registering the condition of parturition, the mean birth weight of calves,the first oestrus,the oestrus scycle postpartum and the conception rate of the first service after artificial insemination.The above targets were all took general average as indexes judging the reproductive performance of dairy cows.The results as follow:
Effects on lactational performance:The milk yields of the B,C,D groups were 23.65kg/d、23.67kg/d、23.72kg/d,respectively,were 5.53%、5.85%、5.58% significantly higher than A group(22.41kg/d)(P<0.05), but no significant difference(P>0.05) among the B,C,D groups,furthermore, D group was 0.05 kg/d lower than the C group;With the augment of the levels of supplemented Zn-Met.the milk fat, milk lactose,milk protein of treatment groups increased in different extent than the control group,but no significant difference(P>0.05); With the augment of the levels of supplemented Zn-Met,the content of milk Zn increased significantly(P<0.05),but the increasing extent went down gradually.Group C,D were significantly different from group B(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between group C and D;Th.e milk somatic cell counts(SCC) of group B.C and D decreased significantly than the control group.But with the augment of the levels of supplemented Zn-Met,the extent of decreasing diminished gradually.
Effects on reproductive performance: The normal delivery of group B,C and D were 80%、93.33%、93.33%,respectively,were improved by a certain extent comparing with the control group; The mean birth weight of calves were not significantly different between the trial and control groups.But numerical datas shown that supplementing Zn-Met in dietary had the tendency to increase the birth weight of calves; Supplementing Zn-Met in dietary can make dairy cows express empathema earlier,and significantly(P<0.05).Among the trial groups,the advanced extent of the group C was comparatively large(5.8d);The oestrous cycles were all in normal range and not significantly different; The levels of serum PRL of group B,C and D were significantly(P<0.05) 1.46 ng/ml、3.08 ng/ml、3.45 ng/ml higher than the group A(control group). The levels of serum PRL increased with the augment of Zn-Met,but the extent of increasing diminished gradually,as well,the group B was significantly different from group B and D;Comparing with the control group,the trail group had the higher content of E_2 and P_4 both in oestrus and luteal phase. In oestrus,the content of E_2 improved obviously,and in luteal phase, the content of P_4 obviously,but all not significantly different(P>0.05);Comparing with the control group.the conception rate of the first service increased 6.66、20.00、20.00 percentage points.So,Zn-Met is good at increasing the conception rate of the first service.
Results shown that, Supplementing Zn-Met in dietary had some certain promotion on the lactational performance and reproductive performance in dairy cows.Analysis indicated that,the 240mg/kg supplementing amount was the best in the normal dietary(Zn37.15mg/kgDM) and could be used as reference data of the Zn supplementing amount in dietary.
引文
[1]刘明生，胡国良，温小杨．氨基酸微量元素螯合物在养殖业中的应用进展[J]．饲料博览，2001，(11)：15-17
[2]高峰，江芸，黄献林．不同锌源对奶牛生产性能和乳品质的影响[J]．食品科学,2005,26(9)：202-203
[3]Outten C.E.,O'Halloran T.V.Femtomolar sensitivity of meatlloregulatory Proteins controlling zin chomeostasis.Science.2001,292:2488-2492
[4]McClung J.P.,Bobilya D.J.The influence of zinc status on the kinetics of zinc uptake into cultured endothelial cells[J].Nutr.Biochem.1999,10:484-489
[5]Vallee BL.,Auld D.S.Active-site zinc ligands and activated H_2O of zinc enzymes.Proc.Natl.AcadSci.USA.1990,87:220-224
[6]Maret,W.G.Yetman C.A.,Jiang L.J..Enzyme regulation by reversible zinc inhibition:glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase as an example.Chemico-Biological Interactions.2001,130-132:891-901
[7]Salgueiro M.J,Bioch,Zubillaga M.,et al.Zinc as an essential micronutrient:A review.Nutrition Research.2000,20(5):737-755
[8]Chvapil M,Ryan J.N.,Elias S.L.,et al.Effect of zinc on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats.Exp.Mol.Protective Pathol.1973,19:186-196
[9]Taylor C.G.and Bray T.M.Effect of hyperoxia on oxygen free radical defence enzymes in the lung of zinc-deficient rats[J].Journal of Nutrition.1991,121:460-66
[10]O'Dell B.L.Role of zinc in plasma membrane function[J].Nutr.2000,130:1432s-1436s
[11]Maret W.G,Vallee B.L.Thiolate ligands in metallothionein confer redox activity on zinc clusters.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.Biochemistry.1997,95:3478-3482
[12]Maret W.G.The function of zinc metallothionein:A link between cellular zinc and redox state[J].Nutr2000,130:1455s-1458s
[13]韩新燕，郭勇．微量元素锌在动物营养上的研究[J]．畜禽业,2000,(8)：26～27
[14]MacDonald R.S.The role of zinc in growth and cell proliferation [J].Nutr.2000,130:1500s-1508s
[15]Kennedy K.J.,Rains T.M.,Shay N.E Zinc deficiency changes preferred macronutrient intake in subpopulations of Sprague-Dawley outbred rats and reduces hepatic pyruvate kinase gene expression[J].Nutr.1998,128:43-49
[16]邓卫东，毛华明．微量元素锌和钴得生物学功能和营养状况得评价[J]．云南畜牧兽医，1999(2)：20-22
[17]Shankar A.H.and Prasad A.S.Zinc and immune function:the biological basis of altered resistance to infection[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.1998,68:447s-463s
[18]杨文正 主编．动物矿物质营养[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，1996：98～113
[19]Shay N.E,Mangian H.F Neurobiology of zinc-influenced eating behavior[J].Nutr.2000,130:1493s-1499s
[20]Ovesen J.,Moller B.,Thomsen J.S.,et al.Yhe positive effects of zinc on skeletal strength in growing rats.Bone.2001,29(6):565-570
[21]Shay N.F,Cousins R.J.,Cloning of rat intestinal mRNAs affected by zinc deficiency [J].Nutr.1993,123:35-41
[22]Cao J.,Cousins R.J.Metallothionein mRNA in monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in cells from dried blood spots increases after zinc supplementation of men [J].Nutr.2000,130:2180-2187
[23]Kudo H.,Doi Y.,Nishino T.,et al.dietary zinc deficiency decreases glutathione s-transferase expression in the rat olfactory epithelium[J].Nutr.2000,130:38-44
[24]Lefebvre D.,Beckers E,Ketelslegers J.M.,et al.Zinc regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I),growth hormone receptor (GHR) and binding protein (GHBP) gene expression in rat cultured hepatocytes.Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.1998,138:127-136
[25]Blanchard R.KMoore J.B.,Green C.L.,et al.Modulation of intestinal gene expression by dietary zinc status:effectiveness of cDNA arrays for expression profiling of a single nutrient deficiency.PNAS.2000,98(24):13507-13513
[26]Wu J.Y J.,Reaves S.K.,Wang Y R,et al.Zinc deficiency decreases plasma level and hepatic mRNA abundance of apolipoprotein A-I in rats and hamsters.Am.J.Pphysiol.1998,275:c1516-c1525
[27]Reaves S.K.,Fanzo J.C.,Arima K.,et al.Expression of the p53 tumor suppressor gene is up-regulated by depletion of intracellular zinc in HepG2 cells[J]..Nutr.2000,130:1688-1694
[28]Lee R.G.,Rains T.M.,Tovar-Palacio C.,et al.Zinc deficiency increases hyppothalamic neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y mRNA levels and does not block neuropeptide Y-induced feeding in rats[J]..Nutr.1998,128:1218-1223
[29]Salguiro M.J.,Bioch,Zubillaga M.B.,et al.Bioavailability,biodistribution,and toxicity of bioZn-AAS:a new zinc source.Comparative studies in rats.Nutrition.2000,16:762-766
[30]Spears,J.W.Micronutrients and immune function in cattle[J].Proc Nutr Soc.2000,59(4):587-594.
[31]Engle,T.E.,Spears,J.W.,Brown,T.T.Effects of dietary phosphorous and trace mineral source on immune function,mineral status,and performance of stressed steers[J].Prof anim sci,1999,15(4):238-244
[32]Rosado JL,Lopez P,Munoz E,et al.Zinc supplementation reduced morbidity,but neither zinc nor iron supplementation affected growth or body composition of Mexican preschoolers[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1997,65(1):13-19
[33]张日俊．锌对动物免疫功能的作用效应．国外畜牧科技[J]．1998,25(1)：3
[34]Nele Wellinghausen.Immunobiology of gestational zinc deficiency [J].British Jour of Nutrition,2001,85(supp):581-586
[35]Revy R S.,Jondreville C.,Dourmada J.Y.,et al.Effect of zinc supplemented as either an organic or an inorganic source and of microbial phytase on zinc and other minerals utilisation by weanling pigs.Animal Feed Science and Technology.2004,116:93-112
[36]Zalewski P.D.Zinc and immunity:implications for growth,survival and function of lymphoid cells[J].Journal of Nutritional Immunology.1996,4:39-80
[37]Underwood E.J.Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nrtrition 4th Edit[M].Academic Press Inc London 1977,4:29
[38]Lonnerdal B.Dietary factors influencing zinc absorption[J].Nutr.2000,130:1378s-1383s
[39]Zhou J.R.,Fordyce E.J.,Raboy V.,et al.Reduction of phytic acid in soybean products improves zinc bioavailability in rats[J].Nutr.1992,122:2466-2473
[40]萱晓慧．氨基酸螯合锌吸收、转运特点和影响因素的研究．博士学位论文．2001．东北农业大学．哈尔滨
[41]倪可德编译．农畜矿物质营养[M]．上海：上海科学技术文献出版社，1995．321
[42]王殿生．高产奶牛矿物质营养特性[J]．中国奶牛，1990,4(22)：2224
[43]芦春莲．锌对奶牛生产性能及血液理化指标的影响研究[D]．河北农业大学,2001，5-8．
[44]刘藏珍，张兆兰，途记成．河北省不同土壤区饲料中微量元素含量及分布[J]．饲料研究，1999,7：35-38．
[45]梁轩，刘福柱，沈伟．锌的生物学作用及其在畜牧业中的应用[J]．内蒙古畜牧科技,2000,21(4)：23-25
[46]孟庆翔 主译．奶牛影响需要[M]．北京：中国农业出版社,2003，196-197
[47]Mcmahon R J,Cousins R J.Mammalian zinc transporters[J].Journal of nutrition.1998,128(4):667-670
[48]McClung J.P.,Bobilya D.J.The influence of zinc status on the kinetics of zinc uptake into cultured endothelial cells [J].Nutr.Biochem.1999,10:484-489
[49]Condomina J.,Zornoza-Sabina T.,Granero L.Kinetics of zinc transport in vitro in rat small intestine and colon:interaction with copper[J].European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.2002,16:289-295
[50]Liuzzi J.P.,Blanchard R.K.,Cousins R.J..Differential regulation of zinc transporter1,2 and 4 mRNA expression by dietary zinc in rats[J].Nutr.2001,131:46-52
[51]龙建纲、王福佛、王海明．锌转运体研究进展．国外医学卫生学分册．2001,28(1)：37
[52]Colvin R.A..Characterization of a plasma membrane zinc transporter in rat brain.Neuroscience Letters.1998,247:147-150
[53]Richter S.,Hamann J.,Kummerow D.,et al.The monovalent cation 'leak' transport in human erythrocytes:an electroneutral exchange process[J].Biophs.1997,73:733-745
[54]Ashmead H.D.Comparative intestinal absorption and subsepuent metabolism of metal amino acidchelates and inorganic metal salts.The roles of amino acid chelates in animal nutrition.Noyes Publishers,New Jersey.1992,306-319
[55]Lowe J.A.,Wiseman J.,Cole D.J.A.Absorption and retention of zinc when administered as an amino-acid chelate in the dog [J].Nutr.1994,124:2572s-2574s
[56]Lowe J．A．，Wiseman J．．A comparison of the bioavailability of three dietary zinc sources using four，different physiolozic parameters in dogs[J]．Nutr．1998．128：2809s-2811s
[57]董晓慧，韩友文，周桂莲等．不同肠段中氨基酸螯合锌吸收特点的研究[J]．畜牧与兽医2003．35(4)：1-4
[58]Wedekind,K.J.,Lewis,A.J.Assessing zinc bloavailabitlity [M].EC Coop Ext Serv Univ Nebr.Lincoln,Neb.1992,91:219
[59]Tan BP,Mai KS.Zinc methionine and zinc sulfate as sources of dietary zinc for juvenile abalone,Haliotis discus hannai Ino [J].Aquaculrure,2001,192(1):67-84
[60]McMahon,R.J.,Cousins,R.J.Mammalian zinc transporters [J].Journal of nutri-tion.1998,128(4):667-670
[61]Wedekind K J,Hortin AE,Baker DH,et al.Methodology for assessing zinc bioavailability:dfficacy estimate for zinc-methionine,zinc sulfate and zinc oxide[J].Journal of aninal science.1992,70(1):178-187
[62]韩友文，滕冰．微量元素氨基酸螯合物的生物效价及其应用中一些问题．饲料博览，2001(11)：6-9
[63]腾冰，韩友文．微量元素氨基酸螯合物及其营养中的若干问题[J]．饲料博览，1999,11(5)：10
[64]刘春海．鳌合物添加剂的研究进展[J]国外畜牧科技，1991，18(5)：33
[65]张格丽，李丽立．氨基酸金属螯合物在动物营养中的应用效果研究进展[J]．家畜生态，1998,19(4)：41-44
[66]黄国清，潘坷．氨基酸微量元素螯合物及其研究进展[J]广东饲料，1998，3：23-26
[67]张伟，陈志虹．氨基酸螯合锌的营养及应用研究进展[J]．饲料博览，2001，11：10-13
[68]J.Wiseman,D.J.Code.feedstuffs Evaluation Ed.1990:253
[69]Wedekind K J,Hortin AE,Baker DH,et al.Methodology for assessing zinc bioavailability:dfficacy estimate for zinc-methionine,zinc sulfate and zinc oxide[J].Journal of aninal science.1992,70(1):178-187
[70]杨月邱，刘建宇，崔红梅．四种锌化合物的生物利用率的比较[J]．营养学报．1998,20(2)：157-166
[71]Wwdekind，K J，Baker,D H．Zinc bioavailability in feed-grade sources of zinc[J]．Journal of Animal Science，1990,68(3)：684-689
[72]虞泽鹏，吴晋强．不同锌源对肉用仔鸡生产性能及部分生理生化指标的影响[J]．饲料研究,2002,12：1-3
[73]J Cao,P R Henry,R Guo,et al.Chemical characteristics and relative Bioavailability of supplemental organic zinc sources for poultry and ruminatits[J].J Anim Sci,2000,78:2039-2054
[74]Beutler KT;Pankewycz O;Brautigan DL.Equivalent uptake of organic and inorganic zinc by monkey kidney fibroblasts,human intestinal epithelial cells,or perfused mouse intestine[J].Biological Trace Element Research,1998,61 (1):19-31
[75]邵凯．有机锌对绵羊消化代谢及免疫机能的影响[J]．华北农学报．2000,15
[76]王洪荣，邵凯．蛋氨酸锌螯合物在绵羊体内消化代谢规律的研究[J]．畜牧兽医学报，1998,29(4)：322-331
[77]赵士堂．羟基蛋氨酸锌在奶牛上的上产应用．硕士学位论文．杭州：浙江大学．2003
[78]任善茂，张牧．微量元素对母畜繁殖性能的影响[J]．饲料研究,2001(4)：7-9
[79]马群山，付云超，李善文等．微量元素对奶牛繁殖性能的影响．养殖技术顾问,2006(12)：54-55
[80]高永慧．饲料中锌含量的测定[J]．饲料工业，1998,19(8)：29-30
[81]董慕新．原子吸收光谱法在饲料分析中的应用[J]．中国饲料，1997,10：30-33
[82]李永禄 主编．养牛学[M]．北京：农业出版社，1992,85-91
[83]芦春莲．锌对奶牛生产性能及血液理化指标的影响研究．硕士学位论文．河北，保定：河北农业大学．2001
[84]高峰，江芸，黄献林．不同锌源对奶牛产奶量和乳品质的影响．食品科学，2005，26(9)：202-203
[85]刘明样，弓子敬，黄应祥，等．微量元素铜、锌、硒、碘单因子饲喂荷斯坦泌乳牛的试验[J]．中国奶牛，1998(6)：3032
[86]Rojas L X,Mcdowell L R,Cousins R J,et al.Relative bioavailability of two organic and inorganic zinc sources fed to sheep [J].J Anim Sci,1995,73(4):1202-1207
[87]Boer D G,Buchanan,Smith J G,Macleod G K,et al.Responser of dairy cows fed alfalfa silage supplemented with phosphorus,coppeer,zinc and manganese[J].J DairySci,1981,64:2370-2377
[88]史清河，石满仓等．蛋氨酸锌在奶牛预混料中的应用效果研究[J]．中国饲料，2001，13：8-9
[89]吴志广．日粮添加蛋氨酸锌对奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响．硕士学位论文．河北，保定：河 北农业大学,2006
[90]Vaillancourt S J,Allen J C.Glucocorticoids effects on zinc transport into colostrum and milk of lactating cows[J].Biological Trace Element Research,1991,30(2):185-196
[91]Georgievskii V L,Ivanov A A,GurtekayaMT,et al.Metabolism of minerals and vitamins in Black Pied primiparous cows on a diet containing different amounts of zinc[J].Timiryazevskio Ssl'skogkhozyaistoennoi Akademii,1991,3:145-155
[92]芦春莲，李建国，曹洪战，等．日粮不同锌水平对奶牛生产性能和血液指标的影响研究[J]河北农业大学学报,2002,25(Sup)：246-248
[93]韩向敏．牛奶增锌研究[J]．甘肃畜牧兽医，1998,2：2-4
[94]孙亚波，苗树君，李秋梅．维生素和微量元素与牛奶中体细胞数关系的研究[J]．黄牛杂志,2003,29(6)：35-37
[95]葛君萍．牛奶中体细胞含量高的成因与对策[J]．浙江畜牧兽医,2004,1：45
[96]吴子林译，钟启新校．锌对奶牛抗乳房感染的作用[J]．中国奶牛，1994-3：40-41
[97]候俊财．日粮微量元素锌硒状态与奶牛乳腺健康关系的研究[D]．东北农业大学，2003,2-8
[98]Kellogg D W,Tomlinson D J,Socha M T,et al.Effect of zinc methionine complex on milk production and somatic cell count of dairy cows Twelve-Trial summary [J].Professional Animal Scientist,2004,20(4):295-301
[99]刘九生．微量元素对母猪繁殖性能的影响[J]．饲料博览,2000,6：18
[100]Mahan C M.Mineral nutrition of sow [J].J Anim Sci,1990,68(2):573-582
[101]Ali A,Ezzo O H,Ei-Ekhnawy K E.Effect of zinc supplementation on reproductive performance of Barki ewes under practical field condition[J].Vet Med J Giza,1998,46:77-87.
[102]黎日立，冯定远．有机微量元素在繁殖母猪日粮中的应用．广东饲料,2003，12(1)：26-27
[103]王宏辉，李愉鑫，王昆山等．高海拔条件下锌硒对猪繁殖性能的影响[J]．当代畜牧,2001 5：63-64．
[104]MacDonald R.S.The role of zinc in growth and cell proliferation.J.Nutr.2000,130:1500s-1508s
[105]Kennedy K.J.,Rains T.M.,Shay N.F.Zinc deficiency changes preferred macronutrient intake in subpopulations of Sprague-Dawley outbred rats and reduces hepatic pyruvate kinase gene expression.J.Nutr.1998,128:43-49
[106]杨文正 主编．动物矿物质营养[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，1996，98-113
[107]张拴林，黄应祥，岳文斌等．锌对雄性动物生殖的影响[J]．黄牛杂志，2001，27(1)：39-40．
[108]Matertin G B,White C L,Markey C M,et al.Effects of dietary zinc deficiency on the reproductive system of young male sheep:tesricular growth and the secretion of inhibin and testosterone[J].J Reprod Fertil,1994,101:87-90
[109]Bedwal R S,Bahuguna A.Zinc,copper and selenium in reproduction[J].Experientia,1993,50:626-640
[2]高峰，江芸，黄献林．不同锌源对奶牛生产性能和乳品质的影响[J]．食品科学,2005,26(9)：202-203
[3]Outten C.E.,O'Halloran T.V.Femtomolar sensitivity of meatlloregulatory Proteins controlling zin chomeostasis.Science.2001,292:2488-2492
[4]McClung J.P.,Bobilya D.J.The influence of zinc status on the kinetics of zinc uptake into cultured endothelial cells[J].Nutr.Biochem.1999,10:484-489
[5]Vallee BL.,Auld D.S.Active-site zinc ligands and activated H_2O of zinc enzymes.Proc.Natl.AcadSci.USA.1990,87:220-224
[6]Maret,W.G.Yetman C.A.,Jiang L.J..Enzyme regulation by reversible zinc inhibition:glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase as an example.Chemico-Biological Interactions.2001,130-132:891-901
[7]Salgueiro M.J,Bioch,Zubillaga M.,et al.Zinc as an essential micronutrient:A review.Nutrition Research.2000,20(5):737-755
[8]Chvapil M,Ryan J.N.,Elias S.L.,et al.Effect of zinc on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats.Exp.Mol.Protective Pathol.1973,19:186-196
[9]Taylor C.G.and Bray T.M.Effect of hyperoxia on oxygen free radical defence enzymes in the lung of zinc-deficient rats[J].Journal of Nutrition.1991,121:460-66
[10]O'Dell B.L.Role of zinc in plasma membrane function[J].Nutr.2000,130:1432s-1436s
[11]Maret W.G,Vallee B.L.Thiolate ligands in metallothionein confer redox activity on zinc clusters.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA.Biochemistry.1997,95:3478-3482
[12]Maret W.G.The function of zinc metallothionein:A link between cellular zinc and redox state[J].Nutr2000,130:1455s-1458s
[13]韩新燕，郭勇．微量元素锌在动物营养上的研究[J]．畜禽业,2000,(8)：26～27
[14]MacDonald R.S.The role of zinc in growth and cell proliferation [J].Nutr.2000,130:1500s-1508s
[15]Kennedy K.J.,Rains T.M.,Shay N.E Zinc deficiency changes preferred macronutrient intake in subpopulations of Sprague-Dawley outbred rats and reduces hepatic pyruvate kinase gene expression[J].Nutr.1998,128:43-49
[16]邓卫东，毛华明．微量元素锌和钴得生物学功能和营养状况得评价[J]．云南畜牧兽医，1999(2)：20-22
[17]Shankar A.H.and Prasad A.S.Zinc and immune function:the biological basis of altered resistance to infection[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.1998,68:447s-463s
[18]杨文正 主编．动物矿物质营养[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，1996：98～113
[19]Shay N.E,Mangian H.F Neurobiology of zinc-influenced eating behavior[J].Nutr.2000,130:1493s-1499s
[20]Ovesen J.,Moller B.,Thomsen J.S.,et al.Yhe positive effects of zinc on skeletal strength in growing rats.Bone.2001,29(6):565-570
[21]Shay N.F,Cousins R.J.,Cloning of rat intestinal mRNAs affected by zinc deficiency [J].Nutr.1993,123:35-41
[22]Cao J.,Cousins R.J.Metallothionein mRNA in monocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in cells from dried blood spots increases after zinc supplementation of men [J].Nutr.2000,130:2180-2187
[23]Kudo H.,Doi Y.,Nishino T.,et al.dietary zinc deficiency decreases glutathione s-transferase expression in the rat olfactory epithelium[J].Nutr.2000,130:38-44
[24]Lefebvre D.,Beckers E,Ketelslegers J.M.,et al.Zinc regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I),growth hormone receptor (GHR) and binding protein (GHBP) gene expression in rat cultured hepatocytes.Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.1998,138:127-136
[25]Blanchard R.KMoore J.B.,Green C.L.,et al.Modulation of intestinal gene expression by dietary zinc status:effectiveness of cDNA arrays for expression profiling of a single nutrient deficiency.PNAS.2000,98(24):13507-13513
[26]Wu J.Y J.,Reaves S.K.,Wang Y R,et al.Zinc deficiency decreases plasma level and hepatic mRNA abundance of apolipoprotein A-I in rats and hamsters.Am.J.Pphysiol.1998,275:c1516-c1525
[27]Reaves S.K.,Fanzo J.C.,Arima K.,et al.Expression of the p53 tumor suppressor gene is up-regulated by depletion of intracellular zinc in HepG2 cells[J]..Nutr.2000,130:1688-1694
[28]Lee R.G.,Rains T.M.,Tovar-Palacio C.,et al.Zinc deficiency increases hyppothalamic neuropeptide Y and neuropeptide Y mRNA levels and does not block neuropeptide Y-induced feeding in rats[J]..Nutr.1998,128:1218-1223
[29]Salguiro M.J.,Bioch,Zubillaga M.B.,et al.Bioavailability,biodistribution,and toxicity of bioZn-AAS:a new zinc source.Comparative studies in rats.Nutrition.2000,16:762-766
[30]Spears,J.W.Micronutrients and immune function in cattle[J].Proc Nutr Soc.2000,59(4):587-594.
[31]Engle,T.E.,Spears,J.W.,Brown,T.T.Effects of dietary phosphorous and trace mineral source on immune function,mineral status,and performance of stressed steers[J].Prof anim sci,1999,15(4):238-244
[32]Rosado JL,Lopez P,Munoz E,et al.Zinc supplementation reduced morbidity,but neither zinc nor iron supplementation affected growth or body composition of Mexican preschoolers[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1997,65(1):13-19
[33]张日俊．锌对动物免疫功能的作用效应．国外畜牧科技[J]．1998,25(1)：3
[34]Nele Wellinghausen.Immunobiology of gestational zinc deficiency [J].British Jour of Nutrition,2001,85(supp):581-586
[35]Revy R S.,Jondreville C.,Dourmada J.Y.,et al.Effect of zinc supplemented as either an organic or an inorganic source and of microbial phytase on zinc and other minerals utilisation by weanling pigs.Animal Feed Science and Technology.2004,116:93-112
[36]Zalewski P.D.Zinc and immunity:implications for growth,survival and function of lymphoid cells[J].Journal of Nutritional Immunology.1996,4:39-80
[37]Underwood E.J.Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nrtrition 4th Edit[M].Academic Press Inc London 1977,4:29
[38]Lonnerdal B.Dietary factors influencing zinc absorption[J].Nutr.2000,130:1378s-1383s
[39]Zhou J.R.,Fordyce E.J.,Raboy V.,et al.Reduction of phytic acid in soybean products improves zinc bioavailability in rats[J].Nutr.1992,122:2466-2473
[40]萱晓慧．氨基酸螯合锌吸收、转运特点和影响因素的研究．博士学位论文．2001．东北农业大学．哈尔滨
[41]倪可德编译．农畜矿物质营养[M]．上海：上海科学技术文献出版社，1995．321
[42]王殿生．高产奶牛矿物质营养特性[J]．中国奶牛，1990,4(22)：2224
[43]芦春莲．锌对奶牛生产性能及血液理化指标的影响研究[D]．河北农业大学,2001，5-8．
[44]刘藏珍，张兆兰，途记成．河北省不同土壤区饲料中微量元素含量及分布[J]．饲料研究，1999,7：35-38．
[45]梁轩，刘福柱，沈伟．锌的生物学作用及其在畜牧业中的应用[J]．内蒙古畜牧科技,2000,21(4)：23-25
[46]孟庆翔 主译．奶牛影响需要[M]．北京：中国农业出版社,2003，196-197
[47]Mcmahon R J,Cousins R J.Mammalian zinc transporters[J].Journal of nutrition.1998,128(4):667-670
[48]McClung J.P.,Bobilya D.J.The influence of zinc status on the kinetics of zinc uptake into cultured endothelial cells [J].Nutr.Biochem.1999,10:484-489
[49]Condomina J.,Zornoza-Sabina T.,Granero L.Kinetics of zinc transport in vitro in rat small intestine and colon:interaction with copper[J].European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences.2002,16:289-295
[50]Liuzzi J.P.,Blanchard R.K.,Cousins R.J..Differential regulation of zinc transporter1,2 and 4 mRNA expression by dietary zinc in rats[J].Nutr.2001,131:46-52
[51]龙建纲、王福佛、王海明．锌转运体研究进展．国外医学卫生学分册．2001,28(1)：37
[52]Colvin R.A..Characterization of a plasma membrane zinc transporter in rat brain.Neuroscience Letters.1998,247:147-150
[53]Richter S.,Hamann J.,Kummerow D.,et al.The monovalent cation 'leak' transport in human erythrocytes:an electroneutral exchange process[J].Biophs.1997,73:733-745
[54]Ashmead H.D.Comparative intestinal absorption and subsepuent metabolism of metal amino acidchelates and inorganic metal salts.The roles of amino acid chelates in animal nutrition.Noyes Publishers,New Jersey.1992,306-319
[55]Lowe J.A.,Wiseman J.,Cole D.J.A.Absorption and retention of zinc when administered as an amino-acid chelate in the dog [J].Nutr.1994,124:2572s-2574s
[56]Lowe J．A．，Wiseman J．．A comparison of the bioavailability of three dietary zinc sources using four，different physiolozic parameters in dogs[J]．Nutr．1998．128：2809s-2811s
[57]董晓慧，韩友文，周桂莲等．不同肠段中氨基酸螯合锌吸收特点的研究[J]．畜牧与兽医2003．35(4)：1-4
[58]Wedekind,K.J.,Lewis,A.J.Assessing zinc bloavailabitlity [M].EC Coop Ext Serv Univ Nebr.Lincoln,Neb.1992,91:219
[59]Tan BP,Mai KS.Zinc methionine and zinc sulfate as sources of dietary zinc for juvenile abalone,Haliotis discus hannai Ino [J].Aquaculrure,2001,192(1):67-84
[60]McMahon,R.J.,Cousins,R.J.Mammalian zinc transporters [J].Journal of nutri-tion.1998,128(4):667-670
[61]Wedekind K J,Hortin AE,Baker DH,et al.Methodology for assessing zinc bioavailability:dfficacy estimate for zinc-methionine,zinc sulfate and zinc oxide[J].Journal of aninal science.1992,70(1):178-187
[62]韩友文，滕冰．微量元素氨基酸螯合物的生物效价及其应用中一些问题．饲料博览，2001(11)：6-9
[63]腾冰，韩友文．微量元素氨基酸螯合物及其营养中的若干问题[J]．饲料博览，1999,11(5)：10
[64]刘春海．鳌合物添加剂的研究进展[J]国外畜牧科技，1991，18(5)：33
[65]张格丽，李丽立．氨基酸金属螯合物在动物营养中的应用效果研究进展[J]．家畜生态，1998,19(4)：41-44
[66]黄国清，潘坷．氨基酸微量元素螯合物及其研究进展[J]广东饲料，1998，3：23-26
[67]张伟，陈志虹．氨基酸螯合锌的营养及应用研究进展[J]．饲料博览，2001，11：10-13
[68]J.Wiseman,D.J.Code.feedstuffs Evaluation Ed.1990:253
[69]Wedekind K J,Hortin AE,Baker DH,et al.Methodology for assessing zinc bioavailability:dfficacy estimate for zinc-methionine,zinc sulfate and zinc oxide[J].Journal of aninal science.1992,70(1):178-187
[70]杨月邱，刘建宇，崔红梅．四种锌化合物的生物利用率的比较[J]．营养学报．1998,20(2)：157-166
[71]Wwdekind，K J，Baker,D H．Zinc bioavailability in feed-grade sources of zinc[J]．Journal of Animal Science，1990,68(3)：684-689
[72]虞泽鹏，吴晋强．不同锌源对肉用仔鸡生产性能及部分生理生化指标的影响[J]．饲料研究,2002,12：1-3
[73]J Cao,P R Henry,R Guo,et al.Chemical characteristics and relative Bioavailability of supplemental organic zinc sources for poultry and ruminatits[J].J Anim Sci,2000,78:2039-2054
[74]Beutler KT;Pankewycz O;Brautigan DL.Equivalent uptake of organic and inorganic zinc by monkey kidney fibroblasts,human intestinal epithelial cells,or perfused mouse intestine[J].Biological Trace Element Research,1998,61 (1):19-31
[75]邵凯．有机锌对绵羊消化代谢及免疫机能的影响[J]．华北农学报．2000,15
[76]王洪荣，邵凯．蛋氨酸锌螯合物在绵羊体内消化代谢规律的研究[J]．畜牧兽医学报，1998,29(4)：322-331
[77]赵士堂．羟基蛋氨酸锌在奶牛上的上产应用．硕士学位论文．杭州：浙江大学．2003
[78]任善茂，张牧．微量元素对母畜繁殖性能的影响[J]．饲料研究,2001(4)：7-9
[79]马群山，付云超，李善文等．微量元素对奶牛繁殖性能的影响．养殖技术顾问,2006(12)：54-55
[80]高永慧．饲料中锌含量的测定[J]．饲料工业，1998,19(8)：29-30
[81]董慕新．原子吸收光谱法在饲料分析中的应用[J]．中国饲料，1997,10：30-33
[82]李永禄 主编．养牛学[M]．北京：农业出版社，1992,85-91
[83]芦春莲．锌对奶牛生产性能及血液理化指标的影响研究．硕士学位论文．河北，保定：河北农业大学．2001
[84]高峰，江芸，黄献林．不同锌源对奶牛产奶量和乳品质的影响．食品科学，2005，26(9)：202-203
[85]刘明样，弓子敬，黄应祥，等．微量元素铜、锌、硒、碘单因子饲喂荷斯坦泌乳牛的试验[J]．中国奶牛，1998(6)：3032
[86]Rojas L X,Mcdowell L R,Cousins R J,et al.Relative bioavailability of two organic and inorganic zinc sources fed to sheep [J].J Anim Sci,1995,73(4):1202-1207
[87]Boer D G,Buchanan,Smith J G,Macleod G K,et al.Responser of dairy cows fed alfalfa silage supplemented with phosphorus,coppeer,zinc and manganese[J].J DairySci,1981,64:2370-2377
[88]史清河，石满仓等．蛋氨酸锌在奶牛预混料中的应用效果研究[J]．中国饲料，2001，13：8-9
[89]吴志广．日粮添加蛋氨酸锌对奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响．硕士学位论文．河北，保定：河 北农业大学,2006
[90]Vaillancourt S J,Allen J C.Glucocorticoids effects on zinc transport into colostrum and milk of lactating cows[J].Biological Trace Element Research,1991,30(2):185-196
[91]Georgievskii V L,Ivanov A A,GurtekayaMT,et al.Metabolism of minerals and vitamins in Black Pied primiparous cows on a diet containing different amounts of zinc[J].Timiryazevskio Ssl'skogkhozyaistoennoi Akademii,1991,3:145-155
[92]芦春莲，李建国，曹洪战，等．日粮不同锌水平对奶牛生产性能和血液指标的影响研究[J]河北农业大学学报,2002,25(Sup)：246-248
[93]韩向敏．牛奶增锌研究[J]．甘肃畜牧兽医，1998,2：2-4
[94]孙亚波，苗树君，李秋梅．维生素和微量元素与牛奶中体细胞数关系的研究[J]．黄牛杂志,2003,29(6)：35-37
[95]葛君萍．牛奶中体细胞含量高的成因与对策[J]．浙江畜牧兽医,2004,1：45
[96]吴子林译，钟启新校．锌对奶牛抗乳房感染的作用[J]．中国奶牛，1994-3：40-41
[97]候俊财．日粮微量元素锌硒状态与奶牛乳腺健康关系的研究[D]．东北农业大学，2003,2-8
[98]Kellogg D W,Tomlinson D J,Socha M T,et al.Effect of zinc methionine complex on milk production and somatic cell count of dairy cows Twelve-Trial summary [J].Professional Animal Scientist,2004,20(4):295-301
[99]刘九生．微量元素对母猪繁殖性能的影响[J]．饲料博览,2000,6：18
[100]Mahan C M.Mineral nutrition of sow [J].J Anim Sci,1990,68(2):573-582
[101]Ali A,Ezzo O H,Ei-Ekhnawy K E.Effect of zinc supplementation on reproductive performance of Barki ewes under practical field condition[J].Vet Med J Giza,1998,46:77-87.
[102]黎日立，冯定远．有机微量元素在繁殖母猪日粮中的应用．广东饲料,2003，12(1)：26-27
[103]王宏辉，李愉鑫，王昆山等．高海拔条件下锌硒对猪繁殖性能的影响[J]．当代畜牧,2001 5：63-64．
[104]MacDonald R.S.The role of zinc in growth and cell proliferation.J.Nutr.2000,130:1500s-1508s
[105]Kennedy K.J.,Rains T.M.,Shay N.F.Zinc deficiency changes preferred macronutrient intake in subpopulations of Sprague-Dawley outbred rats and reduces hepatic pyruvate kinase gene expression.J.Nutr.1998,128:43-49
[106]杨文正 主编．动物矿物质营养[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，1996，98-113
[107]张拴林，黄应祥，岳文斌等．锌对雄性动物生殖的影响[J]．黄牛杂志，2001，27(1)：39-40．
[108]Matertin G B,White C L,Markey C M,et al.Effects of dietary zinc deficiency on the reproductive system of young male sheep:tesricular growth and the secretion of inhibin and testosterone[J].J Reprod Fertil,1994,101:87-90
[109]Bedwal R S,Bahuguna A.Zinc,copper and selenium in reproduction[J].Experientia,1993,50:626-640