城市历史街区改造中公众参与的有效性研究
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摘要
随着我国改革开放的深入和城市建设活动的发展,许多城市开始在城市历史街区改造的过程中引入公众参与,希望通过调动公众参与历史街区的改造,提高历史街区改造的整体水平。但是,依据我国的具体国情,目前我国城市历史街区的改造主要是依靠专家的保护倡导、政府的资金投入,以及专业人员的技术支持,广大公众特别是居住在城市历史街区中的居民,较难真正有效地参与到城市历史街区改造活动中,使得原本可以成为推动城市历史街区改造活动的居民却在很大程度上成为了阻碍我国城市历史街区改造工作开展的不利因素,使改造工作的开展充满难度。在此现实情况下,增强并扩大城市历史街区改造的社会基础,提高我国城市历史街区改造中的公众参与的有效性,改善目前城市历史街区改造中的公众参与现状成为了一种社会客观需要。
本文在吸收国内外先进理论成果和案例经验的基础上,通过深入调查,并综合运用管理学、规划学、社会学等多学科知识,分析了重庆东水门历史街区改造中公众参与存在的问题,并提出了改善策略。
围绕着公众参与的有效性这一中心,本文分为四个部分。
第一章,论述了本文的研究背景、研究意义及相关概念的界定,并对国内外对城市建设过程中公众参与的理论研究成果进行梳理,为本文研究提供了坚实的理论基础。
第二章,通过对相关理论的借鉴,深入分析和总结了国内外城市历史街区改造中的公众参与案例,为本文后续的改善策略研究提供一定的经验借鉴。
第三章,对重庆东水门历史街区改造中的公众参与进行初步认识,并建立历史街区改造中的公众参与的评价体系,根据此评价体系对东水门历史街区改造的公众参与现状进行调研分析,从而对东水门历史街区改造中的公众参与进行深入认识并分析其原因。
第四章,对重庆市历史街区改造中的公众参与的有效性提出了改进和完善的策略,希望对其他城市改造工程的公众参与有一定的借鉴作用。
With the further development of reforming and opening up and urban construction of China, many cities begin to introduce public participation into urban historic quarter reconstruction work, hoping improving the whole level of historic quarter reconstruction through organizing public participate in it. Based on specific situation of China, however, the historic quarter reconstruction of China mainly depends on proposition of experts, finance support from government and technological support of professionals, many people, especially people lived in historic quarter, are unable to efficiently participate in the work of historic quarter reconstruction, which would adversely affect the development of this work, making it hard to run. Under this condition, broadening social basis, support from public, and promoting the effectiveness of public participation in historic quarter reconstruction and improving its situation have become an objective social demand.
The paper firstly gives a good basis of realizing and absorbing advanced theory study achievements and learning some successful cases, by deep field of study work, and analyzes the fact and problems of public participation in Chongqing Dong Shuimen historic quarter reconstruction work, by using interdisciplinary knowledge including administration, sociology, urban planning and etc., and provides some corresponding improvement strategies.
There are main four parts of the paper.
First part is to discuss research background, significance and definition of some relevant concepts, to summarize theory study achievements of foreign and native countries, about public participation in urban establishment process, giving a strong theory basis for study of this paper.
Second part is to understand some relevant theories and to deeply summarize and analyze public participation cases during urban historic quarter reconstruction process of foreign and native countries, proving some useful case practice for improvement strategy study.
Third part is to realize the status quo of public participation in Chongqing Dong Shuimen historic quarter reconstruction, and to establish an assessing system of public participation, making a field study depending on this assess system, and to have a further realization about public participation in Chongqing Dong Shuimen historic quarter reconstruction process and to analyze the reasons.
Fourth part is to provide some improvement strategies aiming to improving public participation situation in Chongqing Dong Shuimen historic quarter reconstruction process, with the hope that there would be some reference significance to improve public participation of other urban historic quarter construction projects.
本文在吸收国内外先进理论成果和案例经验的基础上,通过深入调查,并综合运用管理学、规划学、社会学等多学科知识,分析了重庆东水门历史街区改造中公众参与存在的问题,并提出了改善策略。
围绕着公众参与的有效性这一中心,本文分为四个部分。
第一章,论述了本文的研究背景、研究意义及相关概念的界定,并对国内外对城市建设过程中公众参与的理论研究成果进行梳理,为本文研究提供了坚实的理论基础。
第二章,通过对相关理论的借鉴,深入分析和总结了国内外城市历史街区改造中的公众参与案例,为本文后续的改善策略研究提供一定的经验借鉴。
第三章,对重庆东水门历史街区改造中的公众参与进行初步认识,并建立历史街区改造中的公众参与的评价体系,根据此评价体系对东水门历史街区改造的公众参与现状进行调研分析,从而对东水门历史街区改造中的公众参与进行深入认识并分析其原因。
第四章,对重庆市历史街区改造中的公众参与的有效性提出了改进和完善的策略,希望对其他城市改造工程的公众参与有一定的借鉴作用。
With the further development of reforming and opening up and urban construction of China, many cities begin to introduce public participation into urban historic quarter reconstruction work, hoping improving the whole level of historic quarter reconstruction through organizing public participate in it. Based on specific situation of China, however, the historic quarter reconstruction of China mainly depends on proposition of experts, finance support from government and technological support of professionals, many people, especially people lived in historic quarter, are unable to efficiently participate in the work of historic quarter reconstruction, which would adversely affect the development of this work, making it hard to run. Under this condition, broadening social basis, support from public, and promoting the effectiveness of public participation in historic quarter reconstruction and improving its situation have become an objective social demand.
The paper firstly gives a good basis of realizing and absorbing advanced theory study achievements and learning some successful cases, by deep field of study work, and analyzes the fact and problems of public participation in Chongqing Dong Shuimen historic quarter reconstruction work, by using interdisciplinary knowledge including administration, sociology, urban planning and etc., and provides some corresponding improvement strategies.
There are main four parts of the paper.
First part is to discuss research background, significance and definition of some relevant concepts, to summarize theory study achievements of foreign and native countries, about public participation in urban establishment process, giving a strong theory basis for study of this paper.
Second part is to understand some relevant theories and to deeply summarize and analyze public participation cases during urban historic quarter reconstruction process of foreign and native countries, proving some useful case practice for improvement strategy study.
Third part is to realize the status quo of public participation in Chongqing Dong Shuimen historic quarter reconstruction, and to establish an assessing system of public participation, making a field study depending on this assess system, and to have a further realization about public participation in Chongqing Dong Shuimen historic quarter reconstruction process and to analyze the reasons.
Fourth part is to provide some improvement strategies aiming to improving public participation situation in Chongqing Dong Shuimen historic quarter reconstruction process, with the hope that there would be some reference significance to improve public participation of other urban historic quarter construction projects.
引文
①《规划管理公示暂行规定》(渝文备[2006]41)启动于2006年11月21日,2008年11月18日已废止。
[1]尤建新.城市管理中的公众参与问题分析[J].上海管理科学,2004(4).
[2]杨贵庆.试析当今美国城市规划的公众参与[J].国外城市规划,2002(2).
[3]褚松燕.权利发展与公民参与-我国公民资格权利发展与有序参与研究[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2007.
[4]王慧.不在场的参与[D].兰州大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[5]蔡定剑.公众参与:欧洲的制度和经验[M].北京:法律出版社,2009.
[6]薛澜,陈玲.中国公共政策过程的研究:西方学者的视角及其启示[J].中国行政管理,2005(7).
[7]梁莹,黄健荣.协商民主中的公共治理[J].中国行政管理,2005(9).
[8]吴浩.国外行政立法的公众参与制度[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2008.
[9]李卫华.行政参与主体研究[D].山东大学博士学位论文,2008.
[10]侯玉兰.城市规划与社会参与[J].城市问题,1998(3).
[11]约翰·克莱顿·托马斯著,孙柏瑛译.公共决策中的公民参与[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2010.
[12]阮仪三,王景慧.历史文化名城保护理论与规划[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1999.
[13]陈锦富.论公众参与的城市规划制度[J].城市规划,2000(7).
[14]任国岩.论公众参与城市规划[J].规划师,2000(5).
[15]钱欣.浅谈城市更新中的公众参与问题[J].城市问题,2001(2).
[16]陈易.公众参与中的若干问题[J].城市问题,2002(1).
[17]李其荣.城市规划与历史文化保护[M].江苏:东南大学出版社,2003.
[18]孟丹.公众参与城市规划评价体系初探[D].华南理工大学博士学位论文,2005.
[19]张凡.城市发展中的历史文化保护对策[M].江苏:东南大学出版社,2006.
[20]陈振宇.城市规划中的公众参与程序研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2009.
[21] Paul Davidoff.Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,1965(4).
[22] Sherry Aronstein.A Ladder of Citizen Participation [J].Journal of the American Planning Association,1969(4).
[23] Papageorgiou-Venetas, Alexandre.The nineteenth-century metropolitan city quarters in Europe: criteria for action on their integrated conservation[J].ICOMOS,1984(1).
[24]方国栋.Public Participation in Hong Kong-case Studies in Community Urban Design[D].香港中文大学博士论文,2001.
[25] Pat Crawford著,刘健译.密苏里州立公园ADA指导委员会对公众参与有效性的评价[J].国外城市规划,2002(2).
[26] Frans H. J. M. Coenen著.LA21过程对于公众参与规划改革的潜在作用[J].国外城市规划,2002(2).
[27] David Bell,Mark Jayne.City of quarters: urban villages in the contemporary city[M].York,Ashgate,2004.
[28] Steven Tiesdell,Tim Heath,Taner Oc著张玫英,董卫译.城市历史街区的复兴[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[29]赵士绮,王景慧.联邦德国的古城保护[J].城市规划,1987(5).
[30]孙施文,殷悦.西方城市规划中公众参与的理论基础及其发展[J].国外城市规划,2004(1).
[31]蔡定剑.国外公众参与立法[M].北京:法律出版社,2005.
[32]侯玉兰.城市规划与社会参与[J].城市问题,1998(3).
[33]罗小龙,张京祥.管治理念与中国城市规划的公众参与[J].城市规划汇刊,2001(2).
[34]党秀云.论公共管理中的公民参与[J].中国行政管理,2003(10).
[35]何丹,赵民.论城市规划中公众参与的政治经济基础及制度安排[J].城市规划汇刊,1999(5).
[36]
[37]戴月.关于公众参与的话题:实践与思考[J].城市规划,2000(7).
[38] Bart Wissink.在社会变革中的荷兰空间规划-参与的政治学[J].国外城市规划,2002(2).
[39]郑利军.历史街区的动态保护研究[D].天津大学博士学位论文,2004.
[40]孟丹,刘管平.公众参与城市规划评价体系初探[J].东南大学学报,2005(7).
[41]马彦林,刘建平.现代城市管理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[42]王庆海.现代城市规划与管理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[43]王岩.走过十字街的回望[D].天津大学博士学位论文,2007.
[44]石路.当代中国政府公共决策中的公民参与问题研究[D].华东师范大学博士学位论文,2007.
[45]刘志坚.土地利用规划的公众参与研究[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2007.
[46]田唯佳,鲁蠡.我国公众参与城市规划初探[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2007(3).
[47]王锡锌.行政过程中公众参与的制度实践[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2008.
[48]贾西津.中国公民参与[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2008.
[49]李军洪.城市规划公众参与在背街小巷工程中实践研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[50]杨帆.旧城住区更新工程的公众参与研究[D].华中科技大学博士学位论文,2008.
[51]石路.政府公共决策与公民参与[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2009.
[52]赵刚印.现代化进程中的公民政治参与[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2010.
[53]刘淑妍.公众参与导向的城市治理[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2010.
[1]尤建新.城市管理中的公众参与问题分析[J].上海管理科学,2004(4).
[2]杨贵庆.试析当今美国城市规划的公众参与[J].国外城市规划,2002(2).
[3]褚松燕.权利发展与公民参与-我国公民资格权利发展与有序参与研究[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2007.
[4]王慧.不在场的参与[D].兰州大学硕士学位论文,2006.
[5]蔡定剑.公众参与:欧洲的制度和经验[M].北京:法律出版社,2009.
[6]薛澜,陈玲.中国公共政策过程的研究:西方学者的视角及其启示[J].中国行政管理,2005(7).
[7]梁莹,黄健荣.协商民主中的公共治理[J].中国行政管理,2005(9).
[8]吴浩.国外行政立法的公众参与制度[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2008.
[9]李卫华.行政参与主体研究[D].山东大学博士学位论文,2008.
[10]侯玉兰.城市规划与社会参与[J].城市问题,1998(3).
[11]约翰·克莱顿·托马斯著,孙柏瑛译.公共决策中的公民参与[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2010.
[12]阮仪三,王景慧.历史文化名城保护理论与规划[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1999.
[13]陈锦富.论公众参与的城市规划制度[J].城市规划,2000(7).
[14]任国岩.论公众参与城市规划[J].规划师,2000(5).
[15]钱欣.浅谈城市更新中的公众参与问题[J].城市问题,2001(2).
[16]陈易.公众参与中的若干问题[J].城市问题,2002(1).
[17]李其荣.城市规划与历史文化保护[M].江苏:东南大学出版社,2003.
[18]孟丹.公众参与城市规划评价体系初探[D].华南理工大学博士学位论文,2005.
[19]张凡.城市发展中的历史文化保护对策[M].江苏:东南大学出版社,2006.
[20]陈振宇.城市规划中的公众参与程序研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2009.
[21] Paul Davidoff.Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,1965(4).
[22] Sherry Aronstein.A Ladder of Citizen Participation [J].Journal of the American Planning Association,1969(4).
[23] Papageorgiou-Venetas, Alexandre.The nineteenth-century metropolitan city quarters in Europe: criteria for action on their integrated conservation[J].ICOMOS,1984(1).
[24]方国栋.Public Participation in Hong Kong-case Studies in Community Urban Design[D].香港中文大学博士论文,2001.
[25] Pat Crawford著,刘健译.密苏里州立公园ADA指导委员会对公众参与有效性的评价[J].国外城市规划,2002(2).
[26] Frans H. J. M. Coenen著.LA21过程对于公众参与规划改革的潜在作用[J].国外城市规划,2002(2).
[27] David Bell,Mark Jayne.City of quarters: urban villages in the contemporary city[M].York,Ashgate,2004.
[28] Steven Tiesdell,Tim Heath,Taner Oc著张玫英,董卫译.城市历史街区的复兴[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[29]赵士绮,王景慧.联邦德国的古城保护[J].城市规划,1987(5).
[30]孙施文,殷悦.西方城市规划中公众参与的理论基础及其发展[J].国外城市规划,2004(1).
[31]蔡定剑.国外公众参与立法[M].北京:法律出版社,2005.
[32]侯玉兰.城市规划与社会参与[J].城市问题,1998(3).
[33]罗小龙,张京祥.管治理念与中国城市规划的公众参与[J].城市规划汇刊,2001(2).
[34]党秀云.论公共管理中的公民参与[J].中国行政管理,2003(10).
[35]何丹,赵民.论城市规划中公众参与的政治经济基础及制度安排[J].城市规划汇刊,1999(5).
[36]
[37]戴月.关于公众参与的话题:实践与思考[J].城市规划,2000(7).
[38] Bart Wissink.在社会变革中的荷兰空间规划-参与的政治学[J].国外城市规划,2002(2).
[39]郑利军.历史街区的动态保护研究[D].天津大学博士学位论文,2004.
[40]孟丹,刘管平.公众参与城市规划评价体系初探[J].东南大学学报,2005(7).
[41]马彦林,刘建平.现代城市管理学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[42]王庆海.现代城市规划与管理[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.
[43]王岩.走过十字街的回望[D].天津大学博士学位论文,2007.
[44]石路.当代中国政府公共决策中的公民参与问题研究[D].华东师范大学博士学位论文,2007.
[45]刘志坚.土地利用规划的公众参与研究[D].南京农业大学博士学位论文,2007.
[46]田唯佳,鲁蠡.我国公众参与城市规划初探[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2007(3).
[47]王锡锌.行政过程中公众参与的制度实践[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2008.
[48]贾西津.中国公民参与[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2008.
[49]李军洪.城市规划公众参与在背街小巷工程中实践研究[D].浙江大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[50]杨帆.旧城住区更新工程的公众参与研究[D].华中科技大学博士学位论文,2008.
[51]石路.政府公共决策与公民参与[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2009.
[52]赵刚印.现代化进程中的公民政治参与[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2010.
[53]刘淑妍.公众参与导向的城市治理[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2010.