基于可扩展标记语言的数据交换技术在电子政务系统中的应用研究
摘要
在电子政务的实施过程中会遇到诸多实际问题，特别突出的是各级政府机关已经开发或购买了满足其使用要求的应用系统或软件产品，这些系统之间由于系统体系结构、操作系统平台和数据库平台之间存在差别，造成系统间难于、甚至无法进行信息交互，从而形成了一个个的信息孤岛，在这种情况下，如果不采取一定的措施加以改善，电子政务的实施将无法利用已有的系统，如果重新建设将造成前期投资的浪费，从而失去了电子政务建设和实施的意义。
可扩展标记语言(XML)为实现安全、高效的电子政务提供了一种开放的标准，使用XML结构化的数据可以从业务规范和表现形式中分离出来，非常便利地进行交换和处理。所以它一经出现就成为新一代数据交换的标准。
本文首先深入地分析XML语言和其用于数据交换的关键技术，并结合电子政务信息系统的特点和需求，研究了XML在这些系统中的应用情况，设计出一种基于XML的电子政务系统中异构数据库系统间的数据交换模型。然后，按照程序设计的思想，在J2EE框架下，结合区县级行政服务中心信息系统的现实需求，对该模型进行了编程实现，并将其用于区县级行政服务中心信息系统中，使其既具备跨平台功能和具有很好的可移植性，同时也具备了数据交换功能，可以很好地与区内各委办局的内部办公系统进行数据交换。大大地提高了工作效率，降低人力、物力、财力的浪费，树立政府的良好形象。
In the process of earring out e-governmet, we are often faced with many practical problems, especially those application system and software products ,which have many differences in system infrastructure, platforms for operating and database , what have been developed or purchased by government in all levels for their own need. Because of this , the interchange among different systems can't be carried out, and a series of isolated information islands accumulated. If this situation can not be improved by proper measures, the implement of e-government can not use the existing system, and if we construct a new system , their will be an enormorous waste of the former investment as well as the lost meaning of the e-government construction and implementation.
Extensive markup language provide an opening-standard for the satety and efficient electronic government. Because improving the weakness of the traditional data interchange, it brings the small-medium enterprise into the electronic government market. The XML-structured data can be separated from the business rule and the expression form, expediently for the data exchange and data process. So the XML is regarded as the standard of data exchange when it just appeared.
Firstly, we deeply analysis the extensible markup language and it's key technology for data exchange, combined with the characteristic and requirement of e-govemment affairs system, studied the application of XML in these system, put up a XML-based data exchange model for different database system in e-government affairs system. Secondly, we realize the model under J2EE platform aligned with the programming theory, and applied it in district-level authority administration service system. At this level, the system not only have the ability for multi-platform, but also can exchange data for different database system. Most of all, the system can link with the other department's OA system in the area. It promote the efficiency of the government as well as put up the good image of the government.
可扩展标记语言(XML)为实现安全、高效的电子政务提供了一种开放的标准，使用XML结构化的数据可以从业务规范和表现形式中分离出来，非常便利地进行交换和处理。所以它一经出现就成为新一代数据交换的标准。
本文首先深入地分析XML语言和其用于数据交换的关键技术，并结合电子政务信息系统的特点和需求，研究了XML在这些系统中的应用情况，设计出一种基于XML的电子政务系统中异构数据库系统间的数据交换模型。然后，按照程序设计的思想，在J2EE框架下，结合区县级行政服务中心信息系统的现实需求，对该模型进行了编程实现，并将其用于区县级行政服务中心信息系统中，使其既具备跨平台功能和具有很好的可移植性，同时也具备了数据交换功能，可以很好地与区内各委办局的内部办公系统进行数据交换。大大地提高了工作效率，降低人力、物力、财力的浪费，树立政府的良好形象。
In the process of earring out e-governmet, we are often faced with many practical problems, especially those application system and software products ,which have many differences in system infrastructure, platforms for operating and database , what have been developed or purchased by government in all levels for their own need. Because of this , the interchange among different systems can't be carried out, and a series of isolated information islands accumulated. If this situation can not be improved by proper measures, the implement of e-government can not use the existing system, and if we construct a new system , their will be an enormorous waste of the former investment as well as the lost meaning of the e-government construction and implementation.
Extensive markup language provide an opening-standard for the satety and efficient electronic government. Because improving the weakness of the traditional data interchange, it brings the small-medium enterprise into the electronic government market. The XML-structured data can be separated from the business rule and the expression form, expediently for the data exchange and data process. So the XML is regarded as the standard of data exchange when it just appeared.
Firstly, we deeply analysis the extensible markup language and it's key technology for data exchange, combined with the characteristic and requirement of e-govemment affairs system, studied the application of XML in these system, put up a XML-based data exchange model for different database system in e-government affairs system. Secondly, we realize the model under J2EE platform aligned with the programming theory, and applied it in district-level authority administration service system. At this level, the system not only have the ability for multi-platform, but also can exchange data for different database system. Most of all, the system can link with the other department's OA system in the area. It promote the efficiency of the government as well as put up the good image of the government.
引文
[1] 孟凡成，电子政务概论。北京，中国科学出版社。2002
[2] 黄国鸣，电子政务系统设计与实现。北京，电子工业出版社。2003
[3] World Wide Web Consortium. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition). W3C Recommendation, 6 October 2000.
[4] World Wide Web Consortium. Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Core Specification Version 1.1 W3C Recommendation 13 November 2000.
[5] World Wide Web Consortium. Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Events Specification Version 1.0 W3C Recommendation 13 November 2000.
[6] World Wide Web Consortium. Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Tranversal and Range Specification Version 1.0 W3C Recommendation 13 November 2000.
[7] World Wide Web Consortium. XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 1.0 W3C Recommendation, 16 November 1999.Bonifati A, Ceri S, Comparative Analysis of Five Query Languages. ACM SIGMOD
[8] Myers T Nakhimovsky A．Java XML编程指南。北京，电子工业出版社2003．
[9] Norman F. Novice querying over XML fact-based. Umea-Sweden Computing Science Department of University of Umea 2003
[10] Widergren S, LIU Zhijun, Design and implementation of data transfer tool DataTrans [J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2003, 37: 7-11.
[11] O'Brien H J. Creating data exchange standards with XML: a waste? [A]. Web Information Systems Engineering. Proceedings of the First international Conference on [C]. 2002. 63-66.
[12] Maria Arigeles et al. The Challenges That XML Faces [J]. IEEE Computer 2002, 34(10), 15-18.
[13] Len Seligman et al. XML's Impact on Databases and Data Sharing [J]. Computer 2002, 34(6), 59-67.
[14] Vetterli et al. Metadata Standards for Data Warehousing. Open Information Model versus Common Warehouse Metadata [S]. sigmod Record 2003, 68-75.
[15] 13、E J Lu et al. A distributed EDI model [J]. The Journal of Systems and Software. 2002, 56(1), Ⅰ-7
[16] Open Information Model. http://www.mdc.com
[17] Michael Morrison. XML Unleashed[M]. Sams Publishing, 2002
[18] Robie J et al. XML Query Language (XQL) [C]. In. Processing of QL98. The Query Language workshop 2000
[19] FIPS PUB46-2 Data Encryption Standard. Federal Information Processing Standard [S]
[20] Uschold M, Gruninger M. Ontologies: Principles Methods and Applications. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 1996, 11(2).
[21] Deutsh A, et al. A query language fof XML [J]. Computer Networks 31 (May), 1155-1169
[22] DOM (Core) Level 1 Specification Recommendation [EB]. http://www.w3c.org/TR/rec-dom.
[22] 李薇，李志蜀，尹皓。XML——新Web开发工具[J]，计算机应用，1999，19(5)：23-26．
[23] 陈传波，胡书能。基于J2EE体系的企业数据交换模型研究[J]。计算机工程，2002，28(4)：280-282．
[24] Danny Ayers著Java服务器高级编程[M]。曾国平，冯伟，王占锋译。北京：机械工业出版社，2000．21-97
[25] Erich Gamma，Richard Helm，Ralph Johnson，et al．设计模式-可利用面向对象软件的基础[M]。李英军，马晓星，蔡敏等译。北京：机械工业出版社，1999．28-59
[26] 王海波等，基于XML的数据交换的实现．计算机应用．2002，20(10)：21-24
[27] 徐周，黄上腾．基于XML实现数据库间信息交换的方法．计算机工程2001，27(4)：177-179
[28] 吴扬扬，陈锻生．一个基于XML的Web信息源集成方案．计算机工程与应用．2001(10)：34-37
[2] 黄国鸣，电子政务系统设计与实现。北京，电子工业出版社。2003
[3] World Wide Web Consortium. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition). W3C Recommendation, 6 October 2000.
[4] World Wide Web Consortium. Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Core Specification Version 1.1 W3C Recommendation 13 November 2000.
[5] World Wide Web Consortium. Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Events Specification Version 1.0 W3C Recommendation 13 November 2000.
[6] World Wide Web Consortium. Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 Tranversal and Range Specification Version 1.0 W3C Recommendation 13 November 2000.
[7] World Wide Web Consortium. XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 1.0 W3C Recommendation, 16 November 1999.Bonifati A, Ceri S, Comparative Analysis of Five Query Languages. ACM SIGMOD
[8] Myers T Nakhimovsky A．Java XML编程指南。北京，电子工业出版社2003．
[9] Norman F. Novice querying over XML fact-based. Umea-Sweden Computing Science Department of University of Umea 2003
[10] Widergren S, LIU Zhijun, Design and implementation of data transfer tool DataTrans [J]. Computer Engineering and Applications, 2003, 37: 7-11.
[11] O'Brien H J. Creating data exchange standards with XML: a waste? [A]. Web Information Systems Engineering. Proceedings of the First international Conference on [C]. 2002. 63-66.
[12] Maria Arigeles et al. The Challenges That XML Faces [J]. IEEE Computer 2002, 34(10), 15-18.
[13] Len Seligman et al. XML's Impact on Databases and Data Sharing [J]. Computer 2002, 34(6), 59-67.
[14] Vetterli et al. Metadata Standards for Data Warehousing. Open Information Model versus Common Warehouse Metadata [S]. sigmod Record 2003, 68-75.
[15] 13、E J Lu et al. A distributed EDI model [J]. The Journal of Systems and Software. 2002, 56(1), Ⅰ-7
[16] Open Information Model. http://www.mdc.com
[17] Michael Morrison. XML Unleashed[M]. Sams Publishing, 2002
[18] Robie J et al. XML Query Language (XQL) [C]. In. Processing of QL98. The Query Language workshop 2000
[19] FIPS PUB46-2 Data Encryption Standard. Federal Information Processing Standard [S]
[20] Uschold M, Gruninger M. Ontologies: Principles Methods and Applications. The Knowledge Engineering Review, 1996, 11(2).
[21] Deutsh A, et al. A query language fof XML [J]. Computer Networks 31 (May), 1155-1169
[22] DOM (Core) Level 1 Specification Recommendation [EB]. http://www.w3c.org/TR/rec-dom.
[22] 李薇，李志蜀，尹皓。XML——新Web开发工具[J]，计算机应用，1999，19(5)：23-26．
[23] 陈传波，胡书能。基于J2EE体系的企业数据交换模型研究[J]。计算机工程，2002，28(4)：280-282．
[24] Danny Ayers著Java服务器高级编程[M]。曾国平，冯伟，王占锋译。北京：机械工业出版社，2000．21-97
[25] Erich Gamma，Richard Helm，Ralph Johnson，et al．设计模式-可利用面向对象软件的基础[M]。李英军，马晓星，蔡敏等译。北京：机械工业出版社，1999．28-59
[26] 王海波等，基于XML的数据交换的实现．计算机应用．2002，20(10)：21-24
[27] 徐周，黄上腾．基于XML实现数据库间信息交换的方法．计算机工程2001，27(4)：177-179
[28] 吴扬扬，陈锻生．一个基于XML的Web信息源集成方案．计算机工程与应用．2001(10)：34-37