基于元数据的政务流程再造模型研究
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摘要
近年来,在党中央的积极推动下,我国电子政务系统建设在各级政府部门全面展开。电子政务的建设是个复杂的、渐进的过程,它的发展分为四个阶段：公文电子化、办公自动化、行政管理网络化以及部门间的协同工作。目前,一些行政部门已经进行到了第三个阶段,而第四个阶段的部门协作化的实现却成为电子政务继续发展的“瓶颈”。主要原因就是多个部门之间的业务协作需要有先进的信息技术作为支撑,以建立以业务为中心的网络服务平台,其中,对各部门进行流程优化与再造是必不可少的一环。但是,我国的行政改革和流程再造往往很难进行,原因是多方面的,比如,金字塔式的组织机构其行政路径过于繁琐,权力过于集中,在纵向管理上流程不够灵活,而在横向上,以管理为中心,服务流程分散复杂,部门之间利益之争产生的“信息壁垒”导致信息重复采集,等等。如何建立一个扁平化、以业务流程为中心的各部门协作办公的政府服务体系,就成为当务之急。
元数据是用来描述数据和信息属性的数据,它能被计算机所识别。用在电子政务中,其最大的作用是统一管理各种政务资源,使各系统之间的互操作,各部门之间的业务协同和信息共享成为可能。
本文先研究了政务流程再造的背景和西方国家的实践情况,然后在理清政务流程及再造的基本内涵和特征、意义上,对我国的政务流程再造中出现的问题做了梳理。最后,提出解决方法,即在政务元数据基础上,建立了政务流程再造模型,希望为目前电子政务环境下,流程再造过程中遇到的难题,提出一种长效的解决方案。
In recent years, in the active promotion of the CPC Central Committee, construction of e-government system is building in Government departments at all levels. Construction of e-government is a complex, gradual process. It is divided into four stages of development.They are documents electronical, office automation, webified and the cooperation between departments. At present, some public administrations have been carried out to the third stage. The fourth stage of the realization of the department collaborative has become the "bottleneck" to continue to develop e-government. The major reason is the business collaboration between multiple departments need to have advanced information technology as support, to create a network of business-centric service platform. Among them, the process optimization and recycling is a essential part for the department. However, for many reasons, china's administrative reforms and process reengineering is often difficult, For example, the pyramid-type organizations'administration path is too long, excessive concentration of power, the management process is not flexible enough on the vertical. In the horizontal, take management as the center, complex distributed service process, the dispute of Interests lead to duplication of information collection, and so on. How to create a flat, business process-centric government service system has become a top priority.
Metadata is used to describe properties of data and information data, and it can be recognized by the computer. Used in e-government, its biggest role is to manage a variety of government resources in a unified style. Enable interoperability between systems, business collaboration among various departments and information sharing.
In this paper, the government process reengineering background and the practice of western countries are introduced in the beginning, and then sort out the government process and recycling basic content, he features and the importance. Based on this, analyzed the problems of the government process reengineering. Finally, give the solution.Based on the metadata, establish a government reengineering model and hope to raise a long-term solution for the problem in the government process reengineering.
元数据是用来描述数据和信息属性的数据,它能被计算机所识别。用在电子政务中,其最大的作用是统一管理各种政务资源,使各系统之间的互操作,各部门之间的业务协同和信息共享成为可能。
本文先研究了政务流程再造的背景和西方国家的实践情况,然后在理清政务流程及再造的基本内涵和特征、意义上,对我国的政务流程再造中出现的问题做了梳理。最后,提出解决方法,即在政务元数据基础上,建立了政务流程再造模型,希望为目前电子政务环境下,流程再造过程中遇到的难题,提出一种长效的解决方案。
In recent years, in the active promotion of the CPC Central Committee, construction of e-government system is building in Government departments at all levels. Construction of e-government is a complex, gradual process. It is divided into four stages of development.They are documents electronical, office automation, webified and the cooperation between departments. At present, some public administrations have been carried out to the third stage. The fourth stage of the realization of the department collaborative has become the "bottleneck" to continue to develop e-government. The major reason is the business collaboration between multiple departments need to have advanced information technology as support, to create a network of business-centric service platform. Among them, the process optimization and recycling is a essential part for the department. However, for many reasons, china's administrative reforms and process reengineering is often difficult, For example, the pyramid-type organizations'administration path is too long, excessive concentration of power, the management process is not flexible enough on the vertical. In the horizontal, take management as the center, complex distributed service process, the dispute of Interests lead to duplication of information collection, and so on. How to create a flat, business process-centric government service system has become a top priority.
Metadata is used to describe properties of data and information data, and it can be recognized by the computer. Used in e-government, its biggest role is to manage a variety of government resources in a unified style. Enable interoperability between systems, business collaboration among various departments and information sharing.
In this paper, the government process reengineering background and the practice of western countries are introduced in the beginning, and then sort out the government process and recycling basic content, he features and the importance. Based on this, analyzed the problems of the government process reengineering. Finally, give the solution.Based on the metadata, establish a government reengineering model and hope to raise a long-term solution for the problem in the government process reengineering.
引文
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[30]刘越男.澳大利亚《联邦政府机关文件保管元数据标准》简介[J].档案与建设,2007(10)
[31]刘羽飞等.电子政务体系中数据元标准的概念与应用[J].微计算机信息,2008,(15)
[32]龙茂雄,张润彤.电子政务与政府行政流程再造[J].国防科技工业,2003(1)：38-39
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[37]唐斌.基于信息网络的政务流程再造[J].电子政务,2005(22)58-64
[38]王媛媛.国内政府信息资源元数据研究综述[J].现代情报,2008,(3)：89-91
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[42]王红霞,苏新宁.基于元数据的电子政务信息资源组织模式[J].情报理论与实践,2007,1
[43]王芳.我国电子政务元数据的构建及其基于Web服的共享实现[J].情报学报,2007,(2)：125-133
[44]汪玉凯,张勇进.业务流程再造理论在政府管理中的应用[J].电子政务,2007(6)29-33
[45]徐枫,宦茂树.元数据的构成方式[J].计算机世界报,2007,(43)B12-B13
[46]许君,魏臻.浅谈电子政务元数据框架[J].信息化建设,2004,(6)
[47]应英,张加圣.电子政务信息资源元数据库的研究[J].科学技术与工程,2007(10)
[48]杨路明,胡宏力,杨竹青.电子政务与政府流程再造[J].改革与战略,2005(4)
[49]杨路明.电子政务[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006,7-265-266
[50]于淼,王延章,陈雪龙.元数据在电子政务办公系统实现中的应用研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2003(16)
[51]颜海.政务信息管理[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2009,(4)：330
[52]张蒲生,苏运霖.基于政务数据仓库的数据集成及关键技术[J].计算机工程,2003(6)：179-182
[53]朱智慧.基于六西格玛管理法的政府业务流程再造研究[D].华中师范大学,2009,5
[54]中国网.http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/283272.htm,2003(2)
[55]国家电子政务总体框架.http://wenku.baidu.com/view/7c0dc2114431b90d6c85c71d. html,2006
[2]Darvenport T.H., Short J.E. The New Industrial Engineering:Information Technology and Business Process Redesign [J]. Sloan Management Review,1990,(Summer):11-27.
[3]David Osborne, Peter Plastrik, Banishing Bureaucracy. The Five Strategies for Reinventing Government[M]. New York, the Penguin Group,1997,39.
[4]European Commission. Architecture Guidelines for Trans-European Telemetics Networks for Administration. Brussels, Belgium:European Commission,2002
[5]Eric Newcomer, Greg Lomow. Understanding SOA with Web Services [M]. Addison Wesley,2005:169-173
[6]Federal Enterprise Architecture Program Management Office. The Business Reference Model Version 2.0.Washington.D.C, USA:Office of Management and Budget,2003
[7]GROVER V, JEONG S R, KETTINGERW, etal. The implementation of business process reengineering [J].Journal of Management Information System/Summer,1995, 12(1):109-144.
[8]National Archives of Australia, Australian Government Recordkeeping MetadataStandardVersion2.0,2008.http://www.naa.gov.au/recordsmanagement/publicat ions/AGRkMS.aspx.2009,5
[9]Sang M Lee, Xin Tan, Silvana Trimi. Current Practices of Leading E-Government Countries. Communications of the ACM,2005;48(10)
[10]TENG JTC,NELSONA. The influence of organizational factors on case technology adoption [J].Journal of Information Technology Management,1996,7(2):13-22.
[11]Thomas H. Davenport. The New Industrial Engineering:Information technology and Business Process Redesign[J].Sloan Management Review,1990
[12]Thompson James D. Organizations in Action. New York, USA:McGraw Hill,1967
[13]Treasury Board Secretariat of Canada. Performance Measuring for the Government Online Initiative[R/OL].http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/index.html
[14]Hammer M, Champy J改造企业——再生策略的蓝本[M].杨幼兰,译.台北：牛顿出版公司,1996
[15]拉塞尔·M·林登.无缝隙政府[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2002
[16]亚当·斯密.国富论[M].孙善春,李春长,译.北京：中国华侨出版社,2010,9
[17]陈蓉,孟庆国.电子政务流程再造的必然性和选择性[J].情报杂志,2006,(5)： 112-115，118
[18]段龙飞.流程再造与我国行政服务中心建设研究——以北京市怀柔区行政服务中心为例[J].公共管理评论,2006,2：63
[19]龚乐君,杨荣根.目录服务技术在电子政务数据交换平台中的应用[J].福建电脑,2006,(23)：180,171
[20]葛笑春.业务流程再造基础上的电子政府建设[J].商业时代·学术论评,2006(19)70-71
[21]顾平安.面向公共服务的电子政务流程再造[J].中国行政管理,2008(9)83-86
[22]高静学.政务流程再造——基于电子政务视角[D].吉林大学,2009
[23]高国伟,王延章,于淼.面向政务流程重组的柔性电子政务系统开发平台设计[J].计算机应用研究,2008,12
[24]胡德平.政务流程再造的理论探讨及其实践路径[J].四川行政学院学报,2006(1)12-15
[25]何洋.政务流程再造浅析[J].电子政务,2007(8)45-52
[26]黄建华,邢光军.电子政务与基于“服务链”式的政府流程再造[J].现代科学管理,2004(5)
[27]姜晓萍.政府流程再造的基础理论与现实意义[J].中国行政管理,2006(5)37-41
[28]姜晓萍.成都市的“规范化服务型政府”建设[J].中国行政管理,2004(11)：25
[29]姜晓萍,郭金云.地方政府深化行政审批制度改革的个案研究——以四川省成都市行政审批制度改革为例[J].中国软科学,2004,7
[30]刘越男.澳大利亚《联邦政府机关文件保管元数据标准》简介[J].档案与建设,2007(10)
[31]刘羽飞等.电子政务体系中数据元标准的概念与应用[J].微计算机信息,2008,(15)
[32]龙茂雄,张润彤.电子政务与政府行政流程再造[J].国防科技工业,2003(1)：38-39
[33]覃正.电子政务导论[M].西安：西安交通大学出版社,2005,3
[34]寿志勤,陈文.基于元数据和目录服务的政府信息资源集成管理框架研究[J].电子政务,2007,(7)：40-45
[35]孙正娟,毕建新.电子政务与政府业务流程整合[J].电子政务,2006(7)55-57
[36]孙宝文,王天梅.电子政务[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2008,2
[37]唐斌.基于信息网络的政务流程再造[J].电子政务,2005(22)58-64
[38]王媛媛.国内政府信息资源元数据研究综述[J].现代情报,2008,(3)：89-91
[39]王谦.电子政务——战略、标准、绩效与职能决策[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2006(1)
[40]王谦.电子政务发展中的问题与对策[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社,2010,2
[41]吴信一.对电子政务元数据实行标准化的探讨[J].办公自动化,2005,(7)
[42]王红霞,苏新宁.基于元数据的电子政务信息资源组织模式[J].情报理论与实践,2007,1
[43]王芳.我国电子政务元数据的构建及其基于Web服的共享实现[J].情报学报,2007,(2)：125-133
[44]汪玉凯,张勇进.业务流程再造理论在政府管理中的应用[J].电子政务,2007(6)29-33
[45]徐枫,宦茂树.元数据的构成方式[J].计算机世界报,2007,(43)B12-B13
[46]许君,魏臻.浅谈电子政务元数据框架[J].信息化建设,2004,(6)
[47]应英,张加圣.电子政务信息资源元数据库的研究[J].科学技术与工程,2007(10)
[48]杨路明,胡宏力,杨竹青.电子政务与政府流程再造[J].改革与战略,2005(4)
[49]杨路明.电子政务[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2006,7-265-266
[50]于淼,王延章,陈雪龙.元数据在电子政务办公系统实现中的应用研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2003(16)
[51]颜海.政务信息管理[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2009,(4)：330
[52]张蒲生,苏运霖.基于政务数据仓库的数据集成及关键技术[J].计算机工程,2003(6)：179-182
[53]朱智慧.基于六西格玛管理法的政府业务流程再造研究[D].华中师范大学,2009,5
[54]中国网.http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/zhuanti/283272.htm,2003(2)
[55]国家电子政务总体框架.http://wenku.baidu.com/view/7c0dc2114431b90d6c85c71d. html,2006