一种新型车用机电液无级调速系统的研制
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摘要
自动变速器的应用使车辆的驾驶操作更简化,不仅减轻了驾驶员的劳动强度,而且还能够减少因为人为因素导致的行车事故,是未来汽车市场的主流。但是自动变速器在满足以上优点的同时,还需进一步改善自身的实用性和经济性等问题。在参考各种自动变速器特点后,笔者在现有自动变速器设计思想的基础上做一些改进,探索性的尝试设计一种机电液容积调速系统,简称MHV系统。
MHV系统将行星齿轮传动与液压变量泵-定量马达容积变速器有机结合,用于实现变速器无级调速的功能。它的设计思想来源于现有汽车动液式无级变速器,简称AT。AT由液力变矩器和行星轮系串联组成,其中液力变矩器原理较复杂,推广成本高,笔者考虑用液压容积调速装置取代液力变矩器,实现变速器的无级调速。MHV系统主体部分采用双排行星轮系结构,并与液压部分并联后实现输入功率的分流,最终实现输出转速和扭矩的无级变化;同时结合电子控制系统,控制档位的切换,实现无级调速。
由于MHV系统是一种创新的设计尝试,无论在工作原理还是结构设计均与现有的自动变速器不同。因此在该系统设计时,无论是机械结构的设计,还是关键元件的选取,均没有现存经验可以借鉴。
本文重点阐述MHV系统的工作原理、设计思路,并参照国内某自动自动档轿车的技术参数,提出具体的设计要求,严格按照机械设计手册和液压工程手册等相关工具书,对该系统的关键参数进行独立设计和计算。根据计算得到的相关数据,结合三维设计软件CATIA建立该系统中机械结构部分的三维实体模型。参照相关汽车控制系统的案例,根据轿车行驶特点,提出了控制系统方案,并结合Matlab/simulink软件建立仿真分析模型。参照国内变速器性能试验的要求,提出相关试验方案,在现有试验条件下对已加工生产出的变速箱试件进行安装调试,并进行了初步试验,为今后进一步试验和调试提供了经验和理论依据。
The application of automatic transmission make the operations more streamlined for the driver, not only reduced the driver's labor intensity, but also in reducing the traffic accidents caused by human factors, it will enter the mainstream automotive market in the future. But they have to face the issues of power and economy along with the above advantages. Reference to the different characteristics of current automatic transmissions, the writer of the paper have tried to design creatively and research a new kind of electro-hydraulic volume adjustment speed system (MHV for short).
MHV system The design of its system originally from electronically controlled hydraulic mechanical automatic transmission(AT for short), which by the torque converter and planetary gear trains in series. The principle of the torque converter is complex and its cost is expensive, so they choose the volume adjustment speed devices to replace the hydraulic torque converter to achieve hydraulic stepless speed control; there are double planetary gear in the structure, parallel with the hydraulic part to achieve the power split and merge, and ultimately changing the output speed and torque; and combined with the electronic control unit,they could control the switching of each gear to achieve the stepless speed regulation.
MHV system combining planetary transmission and variable hydraulic pump -motor volume transmission, for the realization of stepless speed control functions. As the MHV system is an innovative, and its design principle and the working principle are different from the existing automatic transmission. So in the process of the system design,they have no exist experience to Reference.
This article focuses on Clarify the working principle, design ideas of the MHV system, and reference to domestic technical parameters, proposing specific design requirements. According with the mechanical design manual and hydraulic engineering manual and other related books, they design and calculate the key parameters of hydraulic stepless speed control system independently. According to calculated data, combined with three-dimensional design software CATIA, they established the three-dimensional solid model of the system. Reference to relevant case of vehicle control systems, combining Matlab/simulink software to establish the simulation model. Reference to the requirements of the transmission tests in domestic, they proposed pilot program. Related to the existing experimental conditions and they have finished the installation and the preliminary test, they find some experience and theoretical basis for further testing and debugging.
MHV系统将行星齿轮传动与液压变量泵-定量马达容积变速器有机结合,用于实现变速器无级调速的功能。它的设计思想来源于现有汽车动液式无级变速器,简称AT。AT由液力变矩器和行星轮系串联组成,其中液力变矩器原理较复杂,推广成本高,笔者考虑用液压容积调速装置取代液力变矩器,实现变速器的无级调速。MHV系统主体部分采用双排行星轮系结构,并与液压部分并联后实现输入功率的分流,最终实现输出转速和扭矩的无级变化;同时结合电子控制系统,控制档位的切换,实现无级调速。
由于MHV系统是一种创新的设计尝试,无论在工作原理还是结构设计均与现有的自动变速器不同。因此在该系统设计时,无论是机械结构的设计,还是关键元件的选取,均没有现存经验可以借鉴。
本文重点阐述MHV系统的工作原理、设计思路,并参照国内某自动自动档轿车的技术参数,提出具体的设计要求,严格按照机械设计手册和液压工程手册等相关工具书,对该系统的关键参数进行独立设计和计算。根据计算得到的相关数据,结合三维设计软件CATIA建立该系统中机械结构部分的三维实体模型。参照相关汽车控制系统的案例,根据轿车行驶特点,提出了控制系统方案,并结合Matlab/simulink软件建立仿真分析模型。参照国内变速器性能试验的要求,提出相关试验方案,在现有试验条件下对已加工生产出的变速箱试件进行安装调试,并进行了初步试验,为今后进一步试验和调试提供了经验和理论依据。
The application of automatic transmission make the operations more streamlined for the driver, not only reduced the driver's labor intensity, but also in reducing the traffic accidents caused by human factors, it will enter the mainstream automotive market in the future. But they have to face the issues of power and economy along with the above advantages. Reference to the different characteristics of current automatic transmissions, the writer of the paper have tried to design creatively and research a new kind of electro-hydraulic volume adjustment speed system (MHV for short).
MHV system The design of its system originally from electronically controlled hydraulic mechanical automatic transmission(AT for short), which by the torque converter and planetary gear trains in series. The principle of the torque converter is complex and its cost is expensive, so they choose the volume adjustment speed devices to replace the hydraulic torque converter to achieve hydraulic stepless speed control; there are double planetary gear in the structure, parallel with the hydraulic part to achieve the power split and merge, and ultimately changing the output speed and torque; and combined with the electronic control unit,they could control the switching of each gear to achieve the stepless speed regulation.
MHV system combining planetary transmission and variable hydraulic pump -motor volume transmission, for the realization of stepless speed control functions. As the MHV system is an innovative, and its design principle and the working principle are different from the existing automatic transmission. So in the process of the system design,they have no exist experience to Reference.
This article focuses on Clarify the working principle, design ideas of the MHV system, and reference to domestic technical parameters, proposing specific design requirements. According with the mechanical design manual and hydraulic engineering manual and other related books, they design and calculate the key parameters of hydraulic stepless speed control system independently. According to calculated data, combined with three-dimensional design software CATIA, they established the three-dimensional solid model of the system. Reference to relevant case of vehicle control systems, combining Matlab/simulink software to establish the simulation model. Reference to the requirements of the transmission tests in domestic, they proposed pilot program. Related to the existing experimental conditions and they have finished the installation and the preliminary test, they find some experience and theoretical basis for further testing and debugging.
引文
[1]陈家瑞.汽车构造[M] .北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[2]吴际璋.汽车构造[M] .北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[3]射忠明.汽车构造双色图解[M] .北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[4]陈勇.自动变速器技术的最新动态和发展趋势[J].机械设计,2008,30(10):938-945
[5]杨建明,张策.行星齿轮传动动力学特性研究进展[J].航空动力学报,2003,18(2):299-303
[6] Long-Chang Hsieh, Hong-Sen Yan. 0n the mechanical efficiency of continuously variable transmission with planetary gear trains. [J]. Vehicle Design,1990, ll(2):176-186
[7]吴晓露.液压系统的调速方法[J].机械研究与应用,2006,19(6):51-59
[8]张国瑞,张展.行星传动技术[M] .上海:上海交大出版社,1989
[9]张展,张弘松.行星差动传动装置[M] .北京:机械工业出版社,2009
[10]冯澄宙.渐开线少齿差行星传动[M] .北京:人民教育出版社,1981
[11]机械工程手册编委.机械工程手册[Z] .北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[12] Kouichi, Masuzawa, Ken Ichiryu. Basic study on input split type hydro-mechanical transmission[J]. ICFP, 2001(3): 42-45
[13]章宏甲,黄谊.液压传动[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[14]官忠范.液压传动系统[M] .北京:机械工业出版社,1983
[15]雷天觉.液压工程手册[Z] .北京:机械工业出版社,1990
[16]路甬祥.液压气动技术手册[Z] .北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[17]陈清泉,孙逢春.混合电动车辆基础[M] .北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001
[18]陈清泉,孙逢春.现代电动汽车技术[M] .北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002
[19] (日)电气学会.电动汽车最新技术[M] .北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[20] Yoshitomo Stmlki.Trend of Transmission and Gear Technology[C]. The JSME Symposium on Motion and Power Transmission,2004.Japan,2004(11):1-4.
[21]冯晋祥,吴际璋.自动变速器结构原理图册[M] .北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[22]王国权,龚国庆.汽车设计课程设计指导书[M] .北京:机械工业出版社,2010
[16] Sharon Liu,Brad Paden. A Survey of Today’S CVT controls[C]. Proceeding of 36th conference on Decision&Control San Diego,Callfornia,1997
[17]邹政耀.行星齿轮式无级变速传动系统[P].中国,Z L200710021091.7. 2008-10-15
[18]张振宇,电动汽车用齿轮离合式自动变速器设计[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2006
[19] WeiYingjun,WangShu. Study on a new type of power split automatic transmission for vehicles[J]. Mechanical Enginering,2004,15(22):2055-2059.
[20] Parker.R.G,etal Dynamic Response of a Planetary Gear System Using a Finite Element/Contact Mechnaics Model [J]. Journal of Mechanical Design, Transaction of the ASME,2000,122:304-310.
[21] Kahraman A. Load Sharing Characteristics of Planetary Transmission[J]. Mech.,Mach.,Theory.,1994,29(8):1151-1165
[22]王芙蓉.行星齿轮功率分流式无级变速器液压控制系统设计[J].机床与液压,2010,38(3):31-33
[23] Bonsen B,Steinbuch M,Veenhuizen P A. CVT ratio control strategy optimization[C]. Vehicle Power and Propulsion, IEEE Conference, 2005,9
[24] Setlur P, Wagner.J.R, Dawson.D.M, et al. Nonlinear Control of a Continuously Variable Transmission[J]. IEEE Transactions on control systems technology,2003,11(1):101-108.
[25]杨智勇,孙连伟.国产轿车维修数据手册[M] .北京:化工工业出版社,2005
[26] Mantriota G. Power split continuously variable transmission systems with high efficiency[J]. Journal of Automobile Engineering,2001,215(3):357–368
[27]魏英俊.新型车用功率分流式自动变速器的研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2005
[28] R.Pfiffner, L.Guzzella,C.H.Onder.Fuel-optimal Control of CVT Power Trains[J]. Control Engieering Practice. 2003(11):329-336
[29]史娱慈.封闭式差动轮系中形成封闭功率的原因的剖析[J].机械设计,1996,(6):15-17
[30]杨巍,金毅.封闭式周转轮系功率流的简易算法[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(6):121-123
[31]孙桓,陈作模.机械原理[M] .北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[32]陈铁鸣,王连明.机械设计[M] .哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1998
[33]濮良贵,纪明刚.机械设计[M] .北京:高等教育出版社,2006
[34]成大先.机械设计手册.第四版[Z] .北京:化工工业出版社,2002
[35]机械工程手册编委.机械工程手册[Z] .北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[36]王登峰,黄博. CATIA V5机械(汽车)产品CAD/CAE/CAM全精通教程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007
[37]唐俊,龙坤. CATIA V5 R14中文版实例教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[38]中国机械CAD论坛: http://www.jxcad.com.cn
[39]盛东平.基于ANSYS的行星齿轮系统参数化建模与模态分析研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008
[40]朱小佩.轿车自动变速器换档规律的研究与仿真[D].上海:同济大学,2006
[41] Matlab中文论坛: http://www.ilovematlab.cn/index.php
[42]陈虎毅.倾角传动齿轮箱的性能试验台位布置方法[P].中国,Z L200510060421.4. 2006-02-08
[43]曹志忠,毛杰.机械传动性能综合试验台应用研究[J].中国科技信息, 2010,49(10):125-126
[2]吴际璋.汽车构造[M] .北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[3]射忠明.汽车构造双色图解[M] .北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[4]陈勇.自动变速器技术的最新动态和发展趋势[J].机械设计,2008,30(10):938-945
[5]杨建明,张策.行星齿轮传动动力学特性研究进展[J].航空动力学报,2003,18(2):299-303
[6] Long-Chang Hsieh, Hong-Sen Yan. 0n the mechanical efficiency of continuously variable transmission with planetary gear trains. [J]. Vehicle Design,1990, ll(2):176-186
[7]吴晓露.液压系统的调速方法[J].机械研究与应用,2006,19(6):51-59
[8]张国瑞,张展.行星传动技术[M] .上海:上海交大出版社,1989
[9]张展,张弘松.行星差动传动装置[M] .北京:机械工业出版社,2009
[10]冯澄宙.渐开线少齿差行星传动[M] .北京:人民教育出版社,1981
[11]机械工程手册编委.机械工程手册[Z] .北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[12] Kouichi, Masuzawa, Ken Ichiryu. Basic study on input split type hydro-mechanical transmission[J]. ICFP, 2001(3): 42-45
[13]章宏甲,黄谊.液压传动[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[14]官忠范.液压传动系统[M] .北京:机械工业出版社,1983
[15]雷天觉.液压工程手册[Z] .北京:机械工业出版社,1990
[16]路甬祥.液压气动技术手册[Z] .北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[17]陈清泉,孙逢春.混合电动车辆基础[M] .北京:北京理工大学出版社,2001
[18]陈清泉,孙逢春.现代电动汽车技术[M] .北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002
[19] (日)电气学会.电动汽车最新技术[M] .北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[20] Yoshitomo Stmlki.Trend of Transmission and Gear Technology[C]. The JSME Symposium on Motion and Power Transmission,2004.Japan,2004(11):1-4.
[21]冯晋祥,吴际璋.自动变速器结构原理图册[M] .北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[22]王国权,龚国庆.汽车设计课程设计指导书[M] .北京:机械工业出版社,2010
[16] Sharon Liu,Brad Paden. A Survey of Today’S CVT controls[C]. Proceeding of 36th conference on Decision&Control San Diego,Callfornia,1997
[17]邹政耀.行星齿轮式无级变速传动系统[P].中国,Z L200710021091.7. 2008-10-15
[18]张振宇,电动汽车用齿轮离合式自动变速器设计[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2006
[19] WeiYingjun,WangShu. Study on a new type of power split automatic transmission for vehicles[J]. Mechanical Enginering,2004,15(22):2055-2059.
[20] Parker.R.G,etal Dynamic Response of a Planetary Gear System Using a Finite Element/Contact Mechnaics Model [J]. Journal of Mechanical Design, Transaction of the ASME,2000,122:304-310.
[21] Kahraman A. Load Sharing Characteristics of Planetary Transmission[J]. Mech.,Mach.,Theory.,1994,29(8):1151-1165
[22]王芙蓉.行星齿轮功率分流式无级变速器液压控制系统设计[J].机床与液压,2010,38(3):31-33
[23] Bonsen B,Steinbuch M,Veenhuizen P A. CVT ratio control strategy optimization[C]. Vehicle Power and Propulsion, IEEE Conference, 2005,9
[24] Setlur P, Wagner.J.R, Dawson.D.M, et al. Nonlinear Control of a Continuously Variable Transmission[J]. IEEE Transactions on control systems technology,2003,11(1):101-108.
[25]杨智勇,孙连伟.国产轿车维修数据手册[M] .北京:化工工业出版社,2005
[26] Mantriota G. Power split continuously variable transmission systems with high efficiency[J]. Journal of Automobile Engineering,2001,215(3):357–368
[27]魏英俊.新型车用功率分流式自动变速器的研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2005
[28] R.Pfiffner, L.Guzzella,C.H.Onder.Fuel-optimal Control of CVT Power Trains[J]. Control Engieering Practice. 2003(11):329-336
[29]史娱慈.封闭式差动轮系中形成封闭功率的原因的剖析[J].机械设计,1996,(6):15-17
[30]杨巍,金毅.封闭式周转轮系功率流的简易算法[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(6):121-123
[31]孙桓,陈作模.机械原理[M] .北京:高等教育出版社,2001
[32]陈铁鸣,王连明.机械设计[M] .哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1998
[33]濮良贵,纪明刚.机械设计[M] .北京:高等教育出版社,2006
[34]成大先.机械设计手册.第四版[Z] .北京:化工工业出版社,2002
[35]机械工程手册编委.机械工程手册[Z] .北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[36]王登峰,黄博. CATIA V5机械(汽车)产品CAD/CAE/CAM全精通教程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007
[37]唐俊,龙坤. CATIA V5 R14中文版实例教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[38]中国机械CAD论坛: http://www.jxcad.com.cn
[39]盛东平.基于ANSYS的行星齿轮系统参数化建模与模态分析研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2008
[40]朱小佩.轿车自动变速器换档规律的研究与仿真[D].上海:同济大学,2006
[41] Matlab中文论坛: http://www.ilovematlab.cn/index.php
[42]陈虎毅.倾角传动齿轮箱的性能试验台位布置方法[P].中国,Z L200510060421.4. 2006-02-08
[43]曹志忠,毛杰.机械传动性能综合试验台应用研究[J].中国科技信息, 2010,49(10):125-126