并联式液压混合动力车辆动力耦合机构的可靠性优化设计
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摘要
科技的飞速发展也无法阻挡全球自然灾害的频频发生,环境恶化带来的全球隐患越来越严重。为了人类的生存及社会的和谐发展,节能与环保更加被人们重视。作为国家支柱产业之一的汽车行业,研制开发低能耗、低排放,并能满足各种使用性能需求的新型车辆成为21世纪初世界各国汽车行业的重要研究课题。其中混合动力车辆以其突出的优点而备受关注。
动力耦合机构是混合动力车辆的核心组成部分,它不仅对混合动力车辆的动力性、经济性以及舒适性有直接的影响,还会关系到传动系统的空间布置形式。本文以吉林轻卡改装的并联式液压混合动力车辆为研究对象,综合利用了可靠性优化设计方法、三维建模技术和有限元分析法对动力耦合机构进行了结构设计。
本文在查阅国内外相关文献的基础上,综述了动力耦合机构和可靠性优化设计的研究现状,对比、分析了动力耦合机构的配置模式和布置形式,根据整车性能需求,设计了差速耦合式动力耦合机构。差速耦合式方案可以较灵活的匹配发动机的工作特性和液压泵/马达的输出特性。本课题在其结构设计过程中应用了可靠性优化设计方法,力求使动力耦合机构体积最小,重量最轻,传动更加平稳,并将可靠度作为约束条件,结合动力耦合机构的结构和功能要求,建立了各零部件的多目标可靠性优化设计数学模型,基于Matlab对其进行了优化,同时对各约束条件进行了敏感度调试。根据可靠性优化设计的结果,基于Catia建立了动力耦合机构的三维模型,对装配体进行了干涉分析,并运用有限元分析法校核了各轴的强度。最后,本文还开发了Matlab与VB的集成程序,设计了动力耦合机构齿轮系可靠性优化设计的人机交互界面,为动力耦合机构齿轮系设计提供了直观的可视化窗口。
The rapid development of science and technology can not stop the world's natural disasters occur frequently. Environmental degradation result of global hidden trouble more and more serious. For posterity survival and social harmony development, people pay more attention to saving energy and protecting environment. As one of the pillar industries of the national, automotive industry should set the example, developed low energy consumption, low emissions, to meet all kinds of performance requirements of new vehicles. The prominent advantage of hybrid vehicles have been attracted much attention by people. Hydraulic hybrid vehicles fitted with a hydraulic drive system on the original car transmission system. According to the demands of vehicle, two sources of power distribute the output energy, and distribution of the energy need to realize by coupling transmission mechanism.
The design of dynamic coupling transmission mechanism directly related to the vehicle's power, fuel economy and comfort and so on. Reliable power coupling system is to play the good performance of the core of car parts. However, from an economic point of view, the pursuit of high reliability, the manufacturing costs inevitable increased, so, in order to achieve a reasonable match with the economy and efficiency, must be considered, optimization, reliability of optimization design for the coupler.
In consulting a large number of the basis of relevant literature at home and abroad, this article summarizes the research situation of coupling drive system reliability optimization design. Analysis of the coupled system coordinate manner and according to design requirements and characteristics of planetary gear transmission, design a coupling transmission system match pattern. In structural design, simultaneously reliability optimization design, through the reliability optimization design optimizing institutional structure. This article is based on the coupling body the smallest, lightest, and to drive more smoothly as the goal, as one of the constraints of reliability, with the parts of coupler coordination and functional requirements, using Matlab toolbox for the gears, shafts and spline optimization of reliability of the coupler. According to the optimization results, using of CATIA and AutoCAD draw a three-dimensional structure and two-dimensional Engineering drawings of the coupler. Finally, this paper also developed a Matlab and VB integration program, designed the coupler transmission system reliability optimization design for the subsequent man-machine interface, for subsequent coupling system design provides a visual window.
动力耦合机构是混合动力车辆的核心组成部分,它不仅对混合动力车辆的动力性、经济性以及舒适性有直接的影响,还会关系到传动系统的空间布置形式。本文以吉林轻卡改装的并联式液压混合动力车辆为研究对象,综合利用了可靠性优化设计方法、三维建模技术和有限元分析法对动力耦合机构进行了结构设计。
本文在查阅国内外相关文献的基础上,综述了动力耦合机构和可靠性优化设计的研究现状,对比、分析了动力耦合机构的配置模式和布置形式,根据整车性能需求,设计了差速耦合式动力耦合机构。差速耦合式方案可以较灵活的匹配发动机的工作特性和液压泵/马达的输出特性。本课题在其结构设计过程中应用了可靠性优化设计方法,力求使动力耦合机构体积最小,重量最轻,传动更加平稳,并将可靠度作为约束条件,结合动力耦合机构的结构和功能要求,建立了各零部件的多目标可靠性优化设计数学模型,基于Matlab对其进行了优化,同时对各约束条件进行了敏感度调试。根据可靠性优化设计的结果,基于Catia建立了动力耦合机构的三维模型,对装配体进行了干涉分析,并运用有限元分析法校核了各轴的强度。最后,本文还开发了Matlab与VB的集成程序,设计了动力耦合机构齿轮系可靠性优化设计的人机交互界面,为动力耦合机构齿轮系设计提供了直观的可视化窗口。
The rapid development of science and technology can not stop the world's natural disasters occur frequently. Environmental degradation result of global hidden trouble more and more serious. For posterity survival and social harmony development, people pay more attention to saving energy and protecting environment. As one of the pillar industries of the national, automotive industry should set the example, developed low energy consumption, low emissions, to meet all kinds of performance requirements of new vehicles. The prominent advantage of hybrid vehicles have been attracted much attention by people. Hydraulic hybrid vehicles fitted with a hydraulic drive system on the original car transmission system. According to the demands of vehicle, two sources of power distribute the output energy, and distribution of the energy need to realize by coupling transmission mechanism.
The design of dynamic coupling transmission mechanism directly related to the vehicle's power, fuel economy and comfort and so on. Reliable power coupling system is to play the good performance of the core of car parts. However, from an economic point of view, the pursuit of high reliability, the manufacturing costs inevitable increased, so, in order to achieve a reasonable match with the economy and efficiency, must be considered, optimization, reliability of optimization design for the coupler.
In consulting a large number of the basis of relevant literature at home and abroad, this article summarizes the research situation of coupling drive system reliability optimization design. Analysis of the coupled system coordinate manner and according to design requirements and characteristics of planetary gear transmission, design a coupling transmission system match pattern. In structural design, simultaneously reliability optimization design, through the reliability optimization design optimizing institutional structure. This article is based on the coupling body the smallest, lightest, and to drive more smoothly as the goal, as one of the constraints of reliability, with the parts of coupler coordination and functional requirements, using Matlab toolbox for the gears, shafts and spline optimization of reliability of the coupler. According to the optimization results, using of CATIA and AutoCAD draw a three-dimensional structure and two-dimensional Engineering drawings of the coupler. Finally, this paper also developed a Matlab and VB integration program, designed the coupler transmission system reliability optimization design for the subsequent man-machine interface, for subsequent coupling system design provides a visual window.
引文
[1]盖福祥,杜家益,张彤.混合动力汽车再生制动的归类及其应用[J].汽车工程, 2011, 33(03): 222-226.
[2] Pourmovahed A. Sizing Energy Storage Units for Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle Aplications[J]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Dynamic Systems and Control Division (Publication) DSC, 2010, 20(52): 231-246.
[3] Schroeder, Christopher C. Research and Education with a Hydraulic Hybrid Vhicle Laboratory[J]. ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Proceedings, 2009, 13(9): 423-430.
[4]徐小东,张炳力.混合动力技术与未来汽车的发展[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报:自然科学版, 2008, 16(3): 94-96.
[5] Karmel A M. Design and Analysis of a Transmission Hydraulic System for an Engine-flywheel Hybrid-vehicle[J]. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, 2009, 88(1-3), 2385-2391.
[6]陆奇志,马尔旦,百合提努尔.混合动力汽车的发展趋势及发展前景[J].内江科技, 2011(03): 98-101.
[7] Schumack Mark, Elahinia Mohammad and Schroeder Christopher. Hydraulic hybrid vehicle simulation program to enhance understanding of engineering fundamentals[C]. ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2008: 26-38.
[8]葛郢汉.混合动力电动汽车结构与控制策略分析[J].内燃机与动力装置, 2011, 18(01): 54-57.
[9] Nguyen, The M. Vibration Isolation for Parallel Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles[J]. Shock and Vibration, 2008, 15(2): 193-204.
[10]鲁守卫.混合动力汽车发展概况[J].上海:上海节能, 2006, 20(06): 29-30.
[11]何清华,刘昌盛,龚俊.一种液压挖掘机并联式混合动力系统结构及控制策略[J].中国工程机械学报, 2011, 9(1): 48-53.
[12] Rexroth.力士乐液压混合动力[R].静液再生制动(HRB)系统.上海:博士力士乐中国, 2009: 7-8.
[13] Glenn R Wendel, Simon Baseley. Hydraulic Hybrid Technology Review[C]. Michigan Clean Fleet Conference, 2007: 26.
[14] Michelle EauClaire. Joining forces[J]. Hybrid Technology, 2008, 8(03): 40-47.
[15] Jack Stecki, Paul Mateson. Advance in Automotive Hydraulic Hybrid drives[J].Proceedings of the 6th JFPS International Symposium on Fluid Power, 2005, 9(10): 664-669.
[16]徐寅,陈东.一种混合动力概念车驱动系统设计[J].机电工程, 2010, 27(1): 72-74.
[17]李晶晶,邓亚东,张佳.混合动力军车系统选型的加权法研究[J].北京汽车, 2006, 13(05): 36-38.
[18]吴憩.深圳五洲龙十年研发混合动力客车国内领先[J].商用车与发动机, 2009, 15(02), 37-39.
[19]王建.深圳五洲龙混合动力客车研发取得重大突破[J].驾驶园, 2010, 4(15): 20-21.
[20]刘涛.并联式液压混合动力参数化与控制策略研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学车辆工程学科博士学位论文, 2009: 23-42.
[21] Vinogradov. Introduction to Mechanical Reliability: A Designer’s Approach[J]. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1991: 35-49.
[22] Schroeder, Christopher, and Elahinia. The Development of a Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle Laboratory: Integrating Education and Research[C]. ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2008: 273-279.
[23]曾小华,于永涛,宋大凤等.基于差速耦合的混合动力汽车传递特性分析与控制[J].吉林大学学报(工学版), 2010, 40(1): 1-5.
[24] Hewko Lubomyr. Hydraulic Energy Storage Based Hybrid Propulsion System for Terrestrial Vehicle[C]. Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 1990: 99-105.
[25] Nguyen, The M. Vibration Isolation for Parallel Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles[J]. Shock and Vibration, 2008, 15(2): 193-204.
[26] Nguyen, The M, Elahinia and Mohammad H. A Magnetoreological Vibration Isolator for Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles[D]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Design Engineering Division, A集, 2005, 118(1): 185-191.
[27]刘惟信.机械可靠性设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 1995: 149.
[28] Carvalho, M S, Luís A.F.M., Distribution Quality of Service and Reliability Optimal Design: Individual Standards and Regulation Effectiveness[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2005, 20(4): 2086-2092.
[29]明平顺.汽车可靠性技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社, 2004: 30-38.
[30] Dimou, C K, Koumousis V K. Reliability-based Design of Truss Structures Using Particle Swarm Optimization[J]. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 2009, 23(2): 100-109.
[31] Du, Y J and Li Z W. Fuzzy Reliability Based Optimal Design for the PrimaryCylinder of Giant Hydraulic Forging press[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2008, 5(46): 545-552.
[32]陈铁鸣.机械设计[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2006: 125.
[33]王安麟,蒋涛,昝鹏宇等.大型行星齿轮系统可靠性设计的多目标优化[J].中国工程机械学报, 2009, 7(3): 253-257.
[34] Yu, T.-C.and Zhang, T.-Q. Optimal Design of Water-supply Pipe Network Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Considering Reliability[J]. Proceedings of the World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2010, 23(6): 3331-3335.
[35]蒋春明.汽车机械式变速器变速传动机构可靠性优化设计[D].南京:南京航空航天大学车辆工程学科硕士学位论文, 2007: 14-29.
[36]王望予.汽车设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2006: 99.
[37] Lee Jongsoo. Reliability-based Design Optimization of Knuckle Component using Conservative Method of Moving Least Squares Meta-models[J]. Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, 2011, 26(2): 364-379.
[38] Sharma Vikas K, Agarwal, Manju Sen, Kanwar. Reliability Evaluation and Optimal Design in Heterogeneous Multi-state Series-parallel Systems[J]. Information Sciences, 2011, 181(2): 362-378.
[39]高会生,李新叶,胡智奇等. MATLAB原理与工程应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2002: 433-469.
[40] Perakakis Pandelis. KARDIA: A Matlab Software for the Analysis of Cardiac Interbeat Intervals[J]. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 2010, 98(1): 83-89.
[41] Suresh Krishnan. A 199-line Matlab code for Pareto-optimal Tracing in the Topology Optimization[J]. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2010, 42(5): 665-679.
[42] Andreassen Erik. Efficient Topology Optimization in MATLAB using 88 Lines of Code[J]. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2011, 43(1): 1-16.
[43]王智超,童金,艾杰. Matrix VB控件在Matlab与VB交互式编程中的应用[J].软件导刊, 2010, 9(8): 56-57.
[44] Jankovski Valentinas. SAOSYS Toolbox as MATLAB Implementation in the Elastic-plastic Analysis and Optimal Design of Steel Frame Structures[J]. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2010, 16(1): 103-121.
[45] Sharir-Ivry, Avital. Density Embedded VB/MM: A Hybrid Abinitio VB/MM with Electrostatic Embedding[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2008, 112(11): 2489-2496.
[46] Sharir-Ivry, Avital. VB/MM-the validity of the underlying approximations[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2008, 112(39): 12491-12497.
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[2] Pourmovahed A. Sizing Energy Storage Units for Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle Aplications[J]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Dynamic Systems and Control Division (Publication) DSC, 2010, 20(52): 231-246.
[3] Schroeder, Christopher C. Research and Education with a Hydraulic Hybrid Vhicle Laboratory[J]. ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Proceedings, 2009, 13(9): 423-430.
[4]徐小东,张炳力.混合动力技术与未来汽车的发展[J].安徽建筑工业学院学报:自然科学版, 2008, 16(3): 94-96.
[5] Karmel A M. Design and Analysis of a Transmission Hydraulic System for an Engine-flywheel Hybrid-vehicle[J]. Proceedings of the American Control Conference, 2009, 88(1-3), 2385-2391.
[6]陆奇志,马尔旦,百合提努尔.混合动力汽车的发展趋势及发展前景[J].内江科技, 2011(03): 98-101.
[7] Schumack Mark, Elahinia Mohammad and Schroeder Christopher. Hydraulic hybrid vehicle simulation program to enhance understanding of engineering fundamentals[C]. ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2008: 26-38.
[8]葛郢汉.混合动力电动汽车结构与控制策略分析[J].内燃机与动力装置, 2011, 18(01): 54-57.
[9] Nguyen, The M. Vibration Isolation for Parallel Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles[J]. Shock and Vibration, 2008, 15(2): 193-204.
[10]鲁守卫.混合动力汽车发展概况[J].上海:上海节能, 2006, 20(06): 29-30.
[11]何清华,刘昌盛,龚俊.一种液压挖掘机并联式混合动力系统结构及控制策略[J].中国工程机械学报, 2011, 9(1): 48-53.
[12] Rexroth.力士乐液压混合动力[R].静液再生制动(HRB)系统.上海:博士力士乐中国, 2009: 7-8.
[13] Glenn R Wendel, Simon Baseley. Hydraulic Hybrid Technology Review[C]. Michigan Clean Fleet Conference, 2007: 26.
[14] Michelle EauClaire. Joining forces[J]. Hybrid Technology, 2008, 8(03): 40-47.
[15] Jack Stecki, Paul Mateson. Advance in Automotive Hydraulic Hybrid drives[J].Proceedings of the 6th JFPS International Symposium on Fluid Power, 2005, 9(10): 664-669.
[16]徐寅,陈东.一种混合动力概念车驱动系统设计[J].机电工程, 2010, 27(1): 72-74.
[17]李晶晶,邓亚东,张佳.混合动力军车系统选型的加权法研究[J].北京汽车, 2006, 13(05): 36-38.
[18]吴憩.深圳五洲龙十年研发混合动力客车国内领先[J].商用车与发动机, 2009, 15(02), 37-39.
[19]王建.深圳五洲龙混合动力客车研发取得重大突破[J].驾驶园, 2010, 4(15): 20-21.
[20]刘涛.并联式液压混合动力参数化与控制策略研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学车辆工程学科博士学位论文, 2009: 23-42.
[21] Vinogradov. Introduction to Mechanical Reliability: A Designer’s Approach[J]. Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1991: 35-49.
[22] Schroeder, Christopher, and Elahinia. The Development of a Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle Laboratory: Integrating Education and Research[C]. ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Conference Proceedings, 2008: 273-279.
[23]曾小华,于永涛,宋大凤等.基于差速耦合的混合动力汽车传递特性分析与控制[J].吉林大学学报(工学版), 2010, 40(1): 1-5.
[24] Hewko Lubomyr. Hydraulic Energy Storage Based Hybrid Propulsion System for Terrestrial Vehicle[C]. Proceedings of the Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference, 1990: 99-105.
[25] Nguyen, The M. Vibration Isolation for Parallel Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles[J]. Shock and Vibration, 2008, 15(2): 193-204.
[26] Nguyen, The M, Elahinia and Mohammad H. A Magnetoreological Vibration Isolator for Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles[D]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Design Engineering Division, A集, 2005, 118(1): 185-191.
[27]刘惟信.机械可靠性设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 1995: 149.
[28] Carvalho, M S, Luís A.F.M., Distribution Quality of Service and Reliability Optimal Design: Individual Standards and Regulation Effectiveness[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2005, 20(4): 2086-2092.
[29]明平顺.汽车可靠性技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社, 2004: 30-38.
[30] Dimou, C K, Koumousis V K. Reliability-based Design of Truss Structures Using Particle Swarm Optimization[J]. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 2009, 23(2): 100-109.
[31] Du, Y J and Li Z W. Fuzzy Reliability Based Optimal Design for the PrimaryCylinder of Giant Hydraulic Forging press[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2008, 5(46): 545-552.
[32]陈铁鸣.机械设计[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 2006: 125.
[33]王安麟,蒋涛,昝鹏宇等.大型行星齿轮系统可靠性设计的多目标优化[J].中国工程机械学报, 2009, 7(3): 253-257.
[34] Yu, T.-C.and Zhang, T.-Q. Optimal Design of Water-supply Pipe Network Based on Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Considering Reliability[J]. Proceedings of the World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2010, 23(6): 3331-3335.
[35]蒋春明.汽车机械式变速器变速传动机构可靠性优化设计[D].南京:南京航空航天大学车辆工程学科硕士学位论文, 2007: 14-29.
[36]王望予.汽车设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2006: 99.
[37] Lee Jongsoo. Reliability-based Design Optimization of Knuckle Component using Conservative Method of Moving Least Squares Meta-models[J]. Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, 2011, 26(2): 364-379.
[38] Sharma Vikas K, Agarwal, Manju Sen, Kanwar. Reliability Evaluation and Optimal Design in Heterogeneous Multi-state Series-parallel Systems[J]. Information Sciences, 2011, 181(2): 362-378.
[39]高会生,李新叶,胡智奇等. MATLAB原理与工程应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2002: 433-469.
[40] Perakakis Pandelis. KARDIA: A Matlab Software for the Analysis of Cardiac Interbeat Intervals[J]. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 2010, 98(1): 83-89.
[41] Suresh Krishnan. A 199-line Matlab code for Pareto-optimal Tracing in the Topology Optimization[J]. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2010, 42(5): 665-679.
[42] Andreassen Erik. Efficient Topology Optimization in MATLAB using 88 Lines of Code[J]. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2011, 43(1): 1-16.
[43]王智超,童金,艾杰. Matrix VB控件在Matlab与VB交互式编程中的应用[J].软件导刊, 2010, 9(8): 56-57.
[44] Jankovski Valentinas. SAOSYS Toolbox as MATLAB Implementation in the Elastic-plastic Analysis and Optimal Design of Steel Frame Structures[J]. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 2010, 16(1): 103-121.
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