某履带式装甲车行星齿轮系统动力学分析及优化
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摘要
行星齿轮传动与普通定轴齿轮传动相比具有质量小、体积小、传动比大、承载能力大以及传动平稳和传动效率高等优点,因此其被广泛应用于船舶、飞机、汽车、重型机械等领域。为了提高传动效率,齿轮系统普遍向高速、重载方向发展。由于在传动过程中线速度和载荷所带来的振动、噪声、载荷、变形和应力等因素严重影响系统的安全性和稳定性。所以对于如何改善齿轮传动系统的质量和性能的研究是我国基础工业发展迫切需要的。
本文主要的研究的是行星齿轮传动系统中的行星轮部件结构参数的灵敏度分析和优化,将灵敏度分析引入到行星轮系结构参数优化设计中,达到提高优化效率的作用。传统的优化设计研究一般是以使用经验为依据,运用一些经验公式来获得优化设计目标,这种方法具有一定的盲目性,并且需要较长的计算时间。应用有限元方法,将灵敏度分析方法应用到优化设计研究中,能够有效的提高优化设计的效率和降低计算时间。
本文研究主要包括建立NGW行星齿轮系统三维实体模型;运用有限元分析方法,对行星齿轮运动过程中的受力情况、边界条件和所受载荷进行研究;通过结构分析计算,确定行星齿轮齿面最大等效应力;对行星齿轮结构参数进行灵敏度分析,确定对齿轮齿面等效应力影响较大的齿轮结构参数,将其作为设计变量建立行星齿轮优化设计数学模型;在满足优化约束的条件下,对行星轮结构进行优化设计,通过改善行星轮结构参数来达到减小行星轮齿面最大等效应力的目的。
完成对行星轮结构参数改进后,对其所在的行星轮系进行刚柔耦合动力学仿真,研究行星轮结构参数优化对其动态特性的影响。为其他复杂结构优化设计研究提供了一种较为有效的方法。
Planetary gear transmission is applied in the marine vessels,aircrafts,automobiles and heavy machinery, because it has many advantages such as smaller mass,smaller volume,larger transmission ratio,better loading capactiy, transmission smooth and higher transmission efficiency compared with ordinary fixed axis gear transmission. gear systems are generally developed to high-speed, heavy direction. in order to improve the transmission efficiency. as the line velocity and load caused by vibration, noise, load, deformation, stress and other factors seriously affect the system's security and stability in the transmission process, therefore, to enhance high-quality and performance gear transmission system research is the basis of industrial development of Chinese urgent needs.
The paper’s major research is the sensitivity analysis and optimization design of planetary gear system, it introduced the sensitivity analysis into optimization design of planetary gear system’s structural parameters. The optimal design of a tradition is based on experience and some empirical formula to obtain the optimal design goals in general., it has a certain blindness,and it needs a long computing time. the structural analysis and optimization of the use of finite element method with sensitivity analysis and optimal design method can effectively improve the optimum design efficiency and reduce computing time.
A NGW planetary gear transmission of the planetary gear’s 3D solid model is built in the paper, and it studied the diesel connecting rod reality force condition, the border condition and exertsload by appling finite element method. Through analysis and calculation, locate the planetary gear tooth's largest equivalent stress. After that, the sensitivity analysis of structure parameters of planetary gear transmission is done, a greater impact on the stress of the structure of gear design parameters are achieved by sensitivity analysis, to establish the structural parameters as a design variable mathematical model of optimal design planetary gear, in the conditions of meeting constraints, to optimize the design of the gear system, reduce the planetary gear tooth's largest equivalent stress.
Complete the structural parameters of the planetary gear improved and to carry out dynamic simulation. it studies influence of the optimization of planetary gear’s structural parameters on the planetary gear dynamic characteristics, and it provides a more effective method for other complex structural optimization design study.
本文主要的研究的是行星齿轮传动系统中的行星轮部件结构参数的灵敏度分析和优化,将灵敏度分析引入到行星轮系结构参数优化设计中,达到提高优化效率的作用。传统的优化设计研究一般是以使用经验为依据,运用一些经验公式来获得优化设计目标,这种方法具有一定的盲目性,并且需要较长的计算时间。应用有限元方法,将灵敏度分析方法应用到优化设计研究中,能够有效的提高优化设计的效率和降低计算时间。
本文研究主要包括建立NGW行星齿轮系统三维实体模型;运用有限元分析方法,对行星齿轮运动过程中的受力情况、边界条件和所受载荷进行研究;通过结构分析计算,确定行星齿轮齿面最大等效应力;对行星齿轮结构参数进行灵敏度分析,确定对齿轮齿面等效应力影响较大的齿轮结构参数,将其作为设计变量建立行星齿轮优化设计数学模型;在满足优化约束的条件下,对行星轮结构进行优化设计,通过改善行星轮结构参数来达到减小行星轮齿面最大等效应力的目的。
完成对行星轮结构参数改进后,对其所在的行星轮系进行刚柔耦合动力学仿真,研究行星轮结构参数优化对其动态特性的影响。为其他复杂结构优化设计研究提供了一种较为有效的方法。
Planetary gear transmission is applied in the marine vessels,aircrafts,automobiles and heavy machinery, because it has many advantages such as smaller mass,smaller volume,larger transmission ratio,better loading capactiy, transmission smooth and higher transmission efficiency compared with ordinary fixed axis gear transmission. gear systems are generally developed to high-speed, heavy direction. in order to improve the transmission efficiency. as the line velocity and load caused by vibration, noise, load, deformation, stress and other factors seriously affect the system's security and stability in the transmission process, therefore, to enhance high-quality and performance gear transmission system research is the basis of industrial development of Chinese urgent needs.
The paper’s major research is the sensitivity analysis and optimization design of planetary gear system, it introduced the sensitivity analysis into optimization design of planetary gear system’s structural parameters. The optimal design of a tradition is based on experience and some empirical formula to obtain the optimal design goals in general., it has a certain blindness,and it needs a long computing time. the structural analysis and optimization of the use of finite element method with sensitivity analysis and optimal design method can effectively improve the optimum design efficiency and reduce computing time.
A NGW planetary gear transmission of the planetary gear’s 3D solid model is built in the paper, and it studied the diesel connecting rod reality force condition, the border condition and exertsload by appling finite element method. Through analysis and calculation, locate the planetary gear tooth's largest equivalent stress. After that, the sensitivity analysis of structure parameters of planetary gear transmission is done, a greater impact on the stress of the structure of gear design parameters are achieved by sensitivity analysis, to establish the structural parameters as a design variable mathematical model of optimal design planetary gear, in the conditions of meeting constraints, to optimize the design of the gear system, reduce the planetary gear tooth's largest equivalent stress.
Complete the structural parameters of the planetary gear improved and to carry out dynamic simulation. it studies influence of the optimization of planetary gear’s structural parameters on the planetary gear dynamic characteristics, and it provides a more effective method for other complex structural optimization design study.
引文
[1]唐定国,陈立民.齿轮传动技术的现状和展望.机械工程学报.1993.20(5):35-41
[2]饶振刚.行星齿轮传动设计.第1版.北京:化学工业出版社,2003.1-5
[3]杜平安,梁锡昌.齿轮传动的现代设计法.机械.1994.21(l):43-46
[4]张鄂.现代设计方法.第1版.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1999.1-3
[5]陈立周.机械优化设计方法.第3版.北京:冶金工业出版社,1995.126
[6]张旭明,王德信.结构灵敏度分析的解析方法.河海大学学报,1998.26(5):44-49
[7] Haug.E.J, Wehage.R.A, Barman.N.C. Design Sensitivity Analysis of Planar Mechanism and Machine Dynamics. ASME J of Mechanical Design 1981(3): 560-570
[8] Brayton Robert K, Spence Robert. Sensitivity and Optimization. Amsterdam, New York: Elsevier Scientific Pub Co, 1980
[9]丁洁玉.基于多体系统的灵敏度分析及动态优化设计.[上海大学],2008.5-7
[10] Edward. J. Haug,Jasbir S.Arora.实用最优设计:机械系统与结构系统.郁永熙,丁惠梁.第1版.北京:科学出版社,1985.1-3
[11]臧宏文,潘振宽.基于常微分方程数学模型的多体系统动力学设计灵敏度分析方法.青岛大学学报,2001,16(2):1-5
[12]颜王吉.单元模态应变能灵敏度及其在结构损伤识别中的应用.[中南大学],2008.3-4
[13]谢国锋,童节娟,郑艳华.灵敏度分析方法在非能动系统可靠性研究中的应用.原子能科学技术,2008,42(7):618-621
[14] XU Hui, MU Mu, LUO Dehai. Application of nonlinear optimization method to sensitivity analysis of numerical model. Progress in Natural Science, 2004,14(6):546-549
[15] Ying Sun, Xuan Lu. A New Method in the Construction of Two-level Fractional Factorial Designs. The Fifth International Conference on Information and Management Sciences.中国四川成都.2006
[16] I. M. Sobol, S. S. Kucherenko. On global sensitivity analysis of quasi-Monte Carlo algorithms. Monte Carlo Methods and Applications, 2005,11(1)
[17]李睿.Sobal灵敏度分析方法在结构动态特性分析中的应用研究.[湖南大学].2003:2-3
[18]潘振宽,赵维加.多体系统动力学设计灵敏度分析与动态优化设计方法.青岛大学学报(工程技术版),2002,17(4):2-9
[19]康新中,王宝元.机械系统动态优化设计的灵敏度分析法.振动工程学报,1990,3(1):18-23
[20]陆佑方.柔性多体系统动力学.第1版.北京:高等教育出版社,1996.435-448
[21] Helton. J. C, Johnson. J. D, Shiver. A. W, Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of early exposure results with the MACCS reactor accident consequence model. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 1995, 48(2): 91-127
[22] Ryu Y S, Haririan M, Wu C C, Structural Design Sensitivity Analysis of Nonlinear response. Computers & Structures, 1985, 21(1): 245-25中国水运.2008,8(4):177-178
[23]马讯,过学讯,赵幼平.基于有限元法的结构优化与灵敏度分析.机械科学与技术,2002,21(4):558-561
[24]韩林山,李向阳,严大考.浅析灵敏度分析的几种数学方法.中国水运.2008,8(4):177-178
[25]郭睿.多参数结构动态二阶灵敏度及重分析研究.[吉林大学].2009.15-17
[26]张军.声学—结构灵敏度及结构—声学优化设计研究.[大连交通大学].2005:29-30
[27]于德介,李睿.Sobol’法在非线性隔振系统灵敏度分析中的应用研究.振动工程学报,2004,17(2):210-213
[28]高健.机械优化设计.第1版.北京:科学出版社,2000.1-5
[29]万启超,魏田和.Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 3.0结构、热、运动分析基础与典型范例.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2008.4-5
[30]宁连旺.ANSYS有限元分析理论与发展.山西科技,2008.65-66
[31]张云侠,申立中,毕玉华等.有限元模型在发动机上的应用.昆明理工大学学报,2001,26(3):43-46
[32]祝磊.ANSYS7.0入门与提高.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.11-15
[33]庞晓琛,汤文成.齿轮接触的有限元分析.机械制造与研究,2006,36(6):38-40
[34]张学军.Pro/E机械设计与应用.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,2006.139-165
[35]赵万友.接触问题的分析方法研究和工程应用.[电子科技大学].2007.9-14
[36]胡来瑢.行星传动设计与计算.第1版.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1997.72-84
[37] Roger Rabb. Fatigue Failure of a Connecting Rod. Engneering Failure Analysis, 1996, 3(l):13-28
[38] FU Dong-jie, CHEN Hai-bo, ZHANG Pei-qiang. Improved non-singular local boundary integral equation method. APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS(ENGLISH EDITION), 2000, 28(8):1095-1099
[39] Ho-Le K. Finite element mesh generation methods. Computer Aided Design. 1998,20(1):27-38
[40]周涛,魏蒙林,熊全胜.基于RecurDyn的多体动力学仿真.CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2004,8:44-45
[41]戈新生.基于完全笛卡尔坐标的机构动力学计算机分析.机械设计与制造工程,2001,30(5):21-24
[42]安世亚太,马骏.新一代混合刚柔多体动力学分析软件RecurDyn.中国航空报,2005:1-2
[43]范秋霞.基于动力学软件RecurDyn的采煤机搬运车动态仿真.山西冶金,2009,32(3):11-13
[2]饶振刚.行星齿轮传动设计.第1版.北京:化学工业出版社,2003.1-5
[3]杜平安,梁锡昌.齿轮传动的现代设计法.机械.1994.21(l):43-46
[4]张鄂.现代设计方法.第1版.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1999.1-3
[5]陈立周.机械优化设计方法.第3版.北京:冶金工业出版社,1995.126
[6]张旭明,王德信.结构灵敏度分析的解析方法.河海大学学报,1998.26(5):44-49
[7] Haug.E.J, Wehage.R.A, Barman.N.C. Design Sensitivity Analysis of Planar Mechanism and Machine Dynamics. ASME J of Mechanical Design 1981(3): 560-570
[8] Brayton Robert K, Spence Robert. Sensitivity and Optimization. Amsterdam, New York: Elsevier Scientific Pub Co, 1980
[9]丁洁玉.基于多体系统的灵敏度分析及动态优化设计.[上海大学],2008.5-7
[10] Edward. J. Haug,Jasbir S.Arora.实用最优设计:机械系统与结构系统.郁永熙,丁惠梁.第1版.北京:科学出版社,1985.1-3
[11]臧宏文,潘振宽.基于常微分方程数学模型的多体系统动力学设计灵敏度分析方法.青岛大学学报,2001,16(2):1-5
[12]颜王吉.单元模态应变能灵敏度及其在结构损伤识别中的应用.[中南大学],2008.3-4
[13]谢国锋,童节娟,郑艳华.灵敏度分析方法在非能动系统可靠性研究中的应用.原子能科学技术,2008,42(7):618-621
[14] XU Hui, MU Mu, LUO Dehai. Application of nonlinear optimization method to sensitivity analysis of numerical model. Progress in Natural Science, 2004,14(6):546-549
[15] Ying Sun, Xuan Lu. A New Method in the Construction of Two-level Fractional Factorial Designs. The Fifth International Conference on Information and Management Sciences.中国四川成都.2006
[16] I. M. Sobol, S. S. Kucherenko. On global sensitivity analysis of quasi-Monte Carlo algorithms. Monte Carlo Methods and Applications, 2005,11(1)
[17]李睿.Sobal灵敏度分析方法在结构动态特性分析中的应用研究.[湖南大学].2003:2-3
[18]潘振宽,赵维加.多体系统动力学设计灵敏度分析与动态优化设计方法.青岛大学学报(工程技术版),2002,17(4):2-9
[19]康新中,王宝元.机械系统动态优化设计的灵敏度分析法.振动工程学报,1990,3(1):18-23
[20]陆佑方.柔性多体系统动力学.第1版.北京:高等教育出版社,1996.435-448
[21] Helton. J. C, Johnson. J. D, Shiver. A. W, Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of early exposure results with the MACCS reactor accident consequence model. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 1995, 48(2): 91-127
[22] Ryu Y S, Haririan M, Wu C C, Structural Design Sensitivity Analysis of Nonlinear response. Computers & Structures, 1985, 21(1): 245-25中国水运.2008,8(4):177-178
[23]马讯,过学讯,赵幼平.基于有限元法的结构优化与灵敏度分析.机械科学与技术,2002,21(4):558-561
[24]韩林山,李向阳,严大考.浅析灵敏度分析的几种数学方法.中国水运.2008,8(4):177-178
[25]郭睿.多参数结构动态二阶灵敏度及重分析研究.[吉林大学].2009.15-17
[26]张军.声学—结构灵敏度及结构—声学优化设计研究.[大连交通大学].2005:29-30
[27]于德介,李睿.Sobol’法在非线性隔振系统灵敏度分析中的应用研究.振动工程学报,2004,17(2):210-213
[28]高健.机械优化设计.第1版.北京:科学出版社,2000.1-5
[29]万启超,魏田和.Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 3.0结构、热、运动分析基础与典型范例.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2008.4-5
[30]宁连旺.ANSYS有限元分析理论与发展.山西科技,2008.65-66
[31]张云侠,申立中,毕玉华等.有限元模型在发动机上的应用.昆明理工大学学报,2001,26(3):43-46
[32]祝磊.ANSYS7.0入门与提高.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.11-15
[33]庞晓琛,汤文成.齿轮接触的有限元分析.机械制造与研究,2006,36(6):38-40
[34]张学军.Pro/E机械设计与应用.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,2006.139-165
[35]赵万友.接触问题的分析方法研究和工程应用.[电子科技大学].2007.9-14
[36]胡来瑢.行星传动设计与计算.第1版.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1997.72-84
[37] Roger Rabb. Fatigue Failure of a Connecting Rod. Engneering Failure Analysis, 1996, 3(l):13-28
[38] FU Dong-jie, CHEN Hai-bo, ZHANG Pei-qiang. Improved non-singular local boundary integral equation method. APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS(ENGLISH EDITION), 2000, 28(8):1095-1099
[39] Ho-Le K. Finite element mesh generation methods. Computer Aided Design. 1998,20(1):27-38
[40]周涛,魏蒙林,熊全胜.基于RecurDyn的多体动力学仿真.CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2004,8:44-45
[41]戈新生.基于完全笛卡尔坐标的机构动力学计算机分析.机械设计与制造工程,2001,30(5):21-24
[42]安世亚太,马骏.新一代混合刚柔多体动力学分析软件RecurDyn.中国航空报,2005:1-2
[43]范秋霞.基于动力学软件RecurDyn的采煤机搬运车动态仿真.山西冶金,2009,32(3):11-13