一种准高速冷藏车设计与研究
摘要
铁路冷藏车是一种专用铁道车辆,我国的铁路冷藏运输工具经历了从冰保车到机械冷藏车的发展过程,它们在运用中都是与货运列车编组连挂,尽管铁路经过多次提速,但其货物送达速度与国外相比周期仍很长。铁路客车在提速过程中却表现出了它的优势,朝发夕至、夕发朝至和有固定始发和到达时间,吸引了大量客流和托运货物。随着人民生活水平的提高,小批量、高附加值冷藏货物运输市场需求越来越大,开发一种能与客车编组连挂的冷藏车将可开辟一种铁路冷藏运输的新途径,160km/h准高速冷藏车正好满足这种市场需求。
本文详细阐述了160km/h准高速冷藏车的主要研制情况。不仅从理论上对产品的主要技术参数选取和车辆关键结构进行了分析,同时还利用ANSYS软件对车辆的强度、刚度进行了计算,用动力学性能模拟软件对车辆的动力学性能进行了计算,最后通过车辆静强度试验、车体气密性试验、车体隔热性能试验和线路动力学试验,验证相应理论分析或计算所得出的结论。
论文最后得出结论:160km/h准高速冷藏车的车体结构基本合理,车辆的整体结构强度和刚度满足TB/T1335-1996《铁道车辆强度设计及试验鉴定规范》的要求。车辆通过采用大部件整体聚氨酯发泡和对各部件的接缝进行现车发泡的方式,达到了预期所要求的气密封性和隔热性能指标。通过动力学试验证明车辆的安全性和平稳性指标满足GB5599-1985《铁道车辆动力学性能和试验鉴定规范》和设计要求,车辆所选用SW-160型转向架是合理的,能满足与客车编组连挂的需要。
Refrigerator car is a special railway equipment, and the development course had passed through from ice-cooled refrigerator to mechincal refrigerator. But ,all of them are grouped with the freight trains. Although many measure have been adopted to improve the transport speed of good, but it will take longer period comparing with the same occasion of overseas. And the passenger car has shown it advantages in the speed-improving today . A short journey with regularity start and arrived time ,the passenger cars had attracted many people and a great deal of goods. With the continuous improvement of the people life, Market of the little batch and hight additional value cargoes are becoming bigger and bigger. So to develop a new refrigerator car which can be grouped with passenger trains is another method for refrigerated cargoes transport. Type 160 km/h refrigerator car is properly meet the requirement of this refrigerated transport market.
Main research process of Type 160 km/h refrigerator car is expatiated in detail in this paper. Not only analyse the main structure of vehicle and the main performance parameter, but also calculate the strength and stiffness of the car by using the software of ANSYS. And dynamic simulation calculations are made by special dynamics simulate software. In the end ,all the theoretic analyses or caculations are proved reasonably by the strength test, air-tightness test, thermal insulating properties test and dynamics test of the vehicle.
Finally, we can draw the conclusions: structure of the type 160km/h refrigerator car main body is reasonable, strength and stiffness of the vehicle meet the requires of the standard of TB/T1335-1996< Railway vehicles - Specification for design of the strength and accreditation test>. Air-tightness test and thermal insulating properties test have proved that the expectable purposes which we have expected. Index of running stability, stability against overturaing,stability against derailment and coefficient of derailment of the car meet the requires of the standard of GB/T5599-1985< Railway vehicles - Specification for evaluation the dynamic performance and accreditation test>. Type SW-160 bogie is suitable for this refrigerator car to group with the passenger car too.
本文详细阐述了160km/h准高速冷藏车的主要研制情况。不仅从理论上对产品的主要技术参数选取和车辆关键结构进行了分析,同时还利用ANSYS软件对车辆的强度、刚度进行了计算,用动力学性能模拟软件对车辆的动力学性能进行了计算,最后通过车辆静强度试验、车体气密性试验、车体隔热性能试验和线路动力学试验,验证相应理论分析或计算所得出的结论。
论文最后得出结论:160km/h准高速冷藏车的车体结构基本合理,车辆的整体结构强度和刚度满足TB/T1335-1996《铁道车辆强度设计及试验鉴定规范》的要求。车辆通过采用大部件整体聚氨酯发泡和对各部件的接缝进行现车发泡的方式,达到了预期所要求的气密封性和隔热性能指标。通过动力学试验证明车辆的安全性和平稳性指标满足GB5599-1985《铁道车辆动力学性能和试验鉴定规范》和设计要求,车辆所选用SW-160型转向架是合理的,能满足与客车编组连挂的需要。
Refrigerator car is a special railway equipment, and the development course had passed through from ice-cooled refrigerator to mechincal refrigerator. But ,all of them are grouped with the freight trains. Although many measure have been adopted to improve the transport speed of good, but it will take longer period comparing with the same occasion of overseas. And the passenger car has shown it advantages in the speed-improving today . A short journey with regularity start and arrived time ,the passenger cars had attracted many people and a great deal of goods. With the continuous improvement of the people life, Market of the little batch and hight additional value cargoes are becoming bigger and bigger. So to develop a new refrigerator car which can be grouped with passenger trains is another method for refrigerated cargoes transport. Type 160 km/h refrigerator car is properly meet the requirement of this refrigerated transport market.
Main research process of Type 160 km/h refrigerator car is expatiated in detail in this paper. Not only analyse the main structure of vehicle and the main performance parameter, but also calculate the strength and stiffness of the car by using the software of ANSYS. And dynamic simulation calculations are made by special dynamics simulate software. In the end ,all the theoretic analyses or caculations are proved reasonably by the strength test, air-tightness test, thermal insulating properties test and dynamics test of the vehicle.
Finally, we can draw the conclusions: structure of the type 160km/h refrigerator car main body is reasonable, strength and stiffness of the vehicle meet the requires of the standard of TB/T1335-1996< Railway vehicles - Specification for design of the strength and accreditation test>. Air-tightness test and thermal insulating properties test have proved that the expectable purposes which we have expected. Index of running stability, stability against overturaing,stability against derailment and coefficient of derailment of the car meet the requires of the standard of GB/T5599-1985< Railway vehicles - Specification for evaluation the dynamic performance and accreditation test>. Type SW-160 bogie is suitable for this refrigerator car to group with the passenger car too.
引文
[1]葛立美主编.国产铁路货车(下册).北京:中国铁道出版社,1997.108-191
[2]罗荣武,谢如鹤,杨志刚等.我国铁路冷藏运输工具的发展研究.铁道学报,2002,24(4):6-11
[3]武昌车辆厂.160km/h冷减车技术资料.2001
[4]彭振凤,欧阳仲志.加快铁路冷藏运输工具的开发,适应铁路运输的发展,铁道车辆,1999,37(7):9-11
[5]严隽耄主编.车辆工程.北京:中国铁道出版社,2003.132-337
[6]谢如鹤,罗荣武,李绍荣等.铁路冷藏运输技术的发展.制冷学报,2002,2:42-45
[7]孙桂初,刘东岭.铁路冷藏运输.北京:中国铁道出版社,1996.74-104
[8]欧阳仲志.在三趟快车上运用的冷藏车.铁道车辆,1997,35(4):13-15
[9]William C.Vantuono.下一代新型货车.国外铁道车辆,2001,38(5):20-35
[10]Don Plotkin.高速铁路线上的货物运输.国外铁道车辆,2000,37(2):14-17
[11]Pearson,A.Carbon dioxide-new uses for an old refrigerant.International Journal of Refrigeration,2005,28(8):1140-1148
[12]#12
[13]#12
[14]Gene Cope.美国铁路冷藏车的发展.国外铁道车辆,2003,40(6):1-7
[15]#12
[16]蔡勤生,马鹏超,陶加法.相变蓄冷材料的合成及性能研究.广州化工,2006,34(5):37-39
[17]李建坤.我国机冷车组的试验研究.铁道车辆,1994,7:29-32
[18]欧阳仲志.我国铁路冷藏运输工具近年来发展的回顾.铁道车辆,1998,36(1):25-28
[19]Kornhauser,Alain L.POTENTIAL FOR NATIONWIDE POOLING OF VARIOUS TYPES OF RAILROAD CARS.Transportation Research Record,1983,14-21
[20]Barabanshchikov,V.F.Chernyak,B.M.CHOICE OF THE INDICATION DETERMINING A DEFECT IN THERMAL INSPECTION OF RAILROAD REFRIGERATOR CARS.Soviet Journal of Nondestructive Testing,1978,14(9):811-817
[21]Pushkareva,S.A.;Golovacheva,I.P..CORROSION PROTECTION OF FLOOR GRIDS OF REFRIGERATOR CARS.Protection of Metals,1982,18(6):762-765
[22]Barabanshchikov,V.F.;Chernyak,B.M..AN INFORMATION AND MEASURING SYSTEM FOR THERMAL INSPECTION OF REFRIGERATOR CARS.Soviet Journal of Nondestructive Testing,1982,14(10):905-910
[23]铁道部《鲜规解释》编写组.铁路鲜活货物运输规则解释.北京:中国铁道出版社,1995.1-68
[24]中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路技术管理规程.北京:中国铁道出版社,2000
[25]#12
[26]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB/T1884-1996.机械冷藏车组通用技术条件.北京:中华人民共和国铁道部,1996-7-17
[27]中华人民共和国铁道部.GB/T12817-1991.客车通用技术条件.北京:国家技术监督局,1991-04-22
[28]车辆设计参考手册《车辆总体及车体》.北京:中国铁道出版社,1988.
[29]虞大联.SW-160型转向架的研制.铁道车辆,1999,37(9):4-9
[30]陈伟,王松文.25型客车及其新技术.北京:中国铁道出版社,2001.100-144
[31]孙靖民主编.现代机械设计方法.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003.81-136
[32]刘国庆,杨庆东.ANSYS工程应用教程-机械篇.北京:中国铁道出版社,2003.1-30
[33]成建明.有限元法及其在车辆强度计算中的应用.北京:中国铁道出版社,1991
[34]美国ANSYS公司.ANSYS.基本过程手册.美国ANSYS公司,1994.1-345
[35]美国ANSYS公司.ANSYS.建模与分网指南.美国ANSYS公司,1994.1-440
[36]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB/T1335-1996.铁道车辆强度设计及试验鉴定规范.北京:中华人民共和国铁道部,1996-10-01
[37]四方车辆研究所.160km/h特种行李车车体静强度试验报告.2001
[38]Б·Н·基塔耶夫.制冷车辆热作用的研究计算.青岛:铁道部四方车辆研究所.1985
[39]腾兆武,王刚主编.车辆制冷与空气调节.北京:中国铁道出版社,1989,3-49
[40]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB/T1886-1987.保温车气密性能试验方法.北京: 中华人民共和国铁道部,1987-12-31
[41]苏晓峰,程建峰,韩增盛.高速列车气密性研究综述.铁道车辆,2004,42(5):16-20
[42]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB/T1885-1987.机械冷藏车空车静置性能试验评定方法.北京:中华人民共和国铁道部,1987-12-31
[43]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB/T1951-1987.客车空调设计参数.北京:中华人民共和国铁道部,1988-01-16
[44]四方车辆研究所.160km/h特快冷藏车热工性能试验报告.2002
[45]西南交通大学机车车辆研究所.武昌厂160km/h特种行李车动力学性能计算报告.2000
[46]中华人民共和国国家标准局.GB5599-1985.铁道车辆动力学性能评定和试验鉴定规范.北京:中国标准出版社,1985-11-25
[47]王福天.车辆动力学(第二版).北京:中国铁道出版社,1988.
[48]铁道部产品质量监督检验中心机车车辆检验病站.武昌厂冷藏车动力学试验报告.2002
[49]铁道部产品质量监督检验中心机车车辆检验病站.武昌厂特快冷藏车制动性能试验报告.2002
[2]罗荣武,谢如鹤,杨志刚等.我国铁路冷藏运输工具的发展研究.铁道学报,2002,24(4):6-11
[3]武昌车辆厂.160km/h冷减车技术资料.2001
[4]彭振凤,欧阳仲志.加快铁路冷藏运输工具的开发,适应铁路运输的发展,铁道车辆,1999,37(7):9-11
[5]严隽耄主编.车辆工程.北京:中国铁道出版社,2003.132-337
[6]谢如鹤,罗荣武,李绍荣等.铁路冷藏运输技术的发展.制冷学报,2002,2:42-45
[7]孙桂初,刘东岭.铁路冷藏运输.北京:中国铁道出版社,1996.74-104
[8]欧阳仲志.在三趟快车上运用的冷藏车.铁道车辆,1997,35(4):13-15
[9]William C.Vantuono.下一代新型货车.国外铁道车辆,2001,38(5):20-35
[10]Don Plotkin.高速铁路线上的货物运输.国外铁道车辆,2000,37(2):14-17
[11]Pearson,A.Carbon dioxide-new uses for an old refrigerant.International Journal of Refrigeration,2005,28(8):1140-1148
[12]#12
[13]#12
[14]Gene Cope.美国铁路冷藏车的发展.国外铁道车辆,2003,40(6):1-7
[15]#12
[16]蔡勤生,马鹏超,陶加法.相变蓄冷材料的合成及性能研究.广州化工,2006,34(5):37-39
[17]李建坤.我国机冷车组的试验研究.铁道车辆,1994,7:29-32
[18]欧阳仲志.我国铁路冷藏运输工具近年来发展的回顾.铁道车辆,1998,36(1):25-28
[19]Kornhauser,Alain L.POTENTIAL FOR NATIONWIDE POOLING OF VARIOUS TYPES OF RAILROAD CARS.Transportation Research Record,1983,14-21
[20]Barabanshchikov,V.F.Chernyak,B.M.CHOICE OF THE INDICATION DETERMINING A DEFECT IN THERMAL INSPECTION OF RAILROAD REFRIGERATOR CARS.Soviet Journal of Nondestructive Testing,1978,14(9):811-817
[21]Pushkareva,S.A.;Golovacheva,I.P..CORROSION PROTECTION OF FLOOR GRIDS OF REFRIGERATOR CARS.Protection of Metals,1982,18(6):762-765
[22]Barabanshchikov,V.F.;Chernyak,B.M..AN INFORMATION AND MEASURING SYSTEM FOR THERMAL INSPECTION OF REFRIGERATOR CARS.Soviet Journal of Nondestructive Testing,1982,14(10):905-910
[23]铁道部《鲜规解释》编写组.铁路鲜活货物运输规则解释.北京:中国铁道出版社,1995.1-68
[24]中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路技术管理规程.北京:中国铁道出版社,2000
[25]#12
[26]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB/T1884-1996.机械冷藏车组通用技术条件.北京:中华人民共和国铁道部,1996-7-17
[27]中华人民共和国铁道部.GB/T12817-1991.客车通用技术条件.北京:国家技术监督局,1991-04-22
[28]车辆设计参考手册《车辆总体及车体》.北京:中国铁道出版社,1988.
[29]虞大联.SW-160型转向架的研制.铁道车辆,1999,37(9):4-9
[30]陈伟,王松文.25型客车及其新技术.北京:中国铁道出版社,2001.100-144
[31]孙靖民主编.现代机械设计方法.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2003.81-136
[32]刘国庆,杨庆东.ANSYS工程应用教程-机械篇.北京:中国铁道出版社,2003.1-30
[33]成建明.有限元法及其在车辆强度计算中的应用.北京:中国铁道出版社,1991
[34]美国ANSYS公司.ANSYS.基本过程手册.美国ANSYS公司,1994.1-345
[35]美国ANSYS公司.ANSYS.建模与分网指南.美国ANSYS公司,1994.1-440
[36]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB/T1335-1996.铁道车辆强度设计及试验鉴定规范.北京:中华人民共和国铁道部,1996-10-01
[37]四方车辆研究所.160km/h特种行李车车体静强度试验报告.2001
[38]Б·Н·基塔耶夫.制冷车辆热作用的研究计算.青岛:铁道部四方车辆研究所.1985
[39]腾兆武,王刚主编.车辆制冷与空气调节.北京:中国铁道出版社,1989,3-49
[40]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB/T1886-1987.保温车气密性能试验方法.北京: 中华人民共和国铁道部,1987-12-31
[41]苏晓峰,程建峰,韩增盛.高速列车气密性研究综述.铁道车辆,2004,42(5):16-20
[42]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB/T1885-1987.机械冷藏车空车静置性能试验评定方法.北京:中华人民共和国铁道部,1987-12-31
[43]中华人民共和国铁道部.TB/T1951-1987.客车空调设计参数.北京:中华人民共和国铁道部,1988-01-16
[44]四方车辆研究所.160km/h特快冷藏车热工性能试验报告.2002
[45]西南交通大学机车车辆研究所.武昌厂160km/h特种行李车动力学性能计算报告.2000
[46]中华人民共和国国家标准局.GB5599-1985.铁道车辆动力学性能评定和试验鉴定规范.北京:中国标准出版社,1985-11-25
[47]王福天.车辆动力学(第二版).北京:中国铁道出版社,1988.
[48]铁道部产品质量监督检验中心机车车辆检验病站.武昌厂冷藏车动力学试验报告.2002
[49]铁道部产品质量监督检验中心机车车辆检验病站.武昌厂特快冷藏车制动性能试验报告.2002