基于儿童心理与生理特征的儿童家具设计研究
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摘要
儿童家具设计涉及室内空间组织、功能分区、家具、陈设、照明、色彩、人体工程学等各个方面,需要针对儿童生理和心理特征,对儿童家具进行科学合理而又充满童趣的研究设计。本文遵循现代儿童生理及心理特征的自然成长规律的原则,从色彩、造型、材料三个方面对儿童家具的设计方法及应用进行探讨研究。
首先,本文对国内外儿童家具设计进行调查研究与总结,汲取他们的有益思想和技术方法,儿童期是人的生理、心理发展的关键时期,是开发智力、建构积极性格的最佳时机。
其次,本文从生理结构上分析了儿童的独有特征,介绍了目前普遍的基于人机工程学的儿童家具设计,但随着时代的发展,儿童的心理发展特征逐渐被人重视,儿童家具设计除了满足使用功能外.还要满足儿童心理上的各种需要；实际上是对家具艺术的一种认知过程,即美学上的审美要求。从而引出在儿童家具设计过程中应该着重关注的问题,重点分析舒适性、合理性、寓教于乐等儿童心理对儿童家具设计的影响。
结合设计艺术学中的各项设计要点,阐述了色彩在儿童家具中的重要性。孩子适合的颜色、喜欢的色彩与他们的年龄有关,应该根据孩子不同的年龄选择不同的颜色；从美学意义上说,儿童家具色彩的运用具有强烈的时代审美特征。儿童的想象力丰富,不同的颜色可以刺激儿童的视觉神经,提高儿童的创造力,训练儿童对于色彩的敏锐度,以满足儿童需求。
从家具造型的角度,分析了儿童家具造型的关键因素,应充分体现生动活泼、简洁、明快、舒适、贴近自然的家具美感,富有艺术性,符合儿童活泼、天真和质朴的内心世界,使孩子在这种简洁美、条理美的熏陶中健康成长,提高儿童的审美能力。
从家具材料的应用角度,分析了儿童家具选材的注意要点,儿童对自然材料的喜爱风潮,体现的是深层次的心理情感需求。
最后,本文提出了基于儿童心理及生理特征的家具设计的具体要求,设计师需要对儿童生理和心理特点进行全方面的考虑,需要综合相关儿童保健、医疗、生理、社会心理等研究成果,定性的归纳和探讨儿童生理和心理的变化特征,通过了解他们生理和心理变化的现象和原因,总结出儿童家具设计的特征及原则,以更好地指导儿童家具设计实践。
本文的研究结果对国内儿童家具的设计研究具有一定的现实指导意义,对其他类型的产品导入情感化设计思想也具有相应的参考价值,为后续研究提供了保证。
Children furniture design involves interior space organization, functional partition, furniture, display, lighting, color, ergonomics, and other aspects, need for children physiological and psychological characteristics of children furniture, scientific and reasonable research design. This paper follow modern children's physical and mental characteristics of the principle of natural growth pattern, color, shape, materials from three aspects of children furniture design methods and application were discussed.
First of all, the paper on domestic and foreign children furniture design research and summarize investigation, derive their useful idea and technical methods, childhood is human physiology, psychological critical period of development, intelligence is the development and construction of positive personality optimal opportunity.
Secondly, this paper analyzed the physical structure of the unique features of children, introduces the current of the ergonomics are generally based on children's furniture design, but with the development of The Times, the child's psychological development characteristics were gradually attention, children's furniture design in addition to meet the use function. Also to meet the various needs of children's psychological; In fact is a kind of furniture art cognitive processes, namely aesthetic requirement. Then drew in children furniture design process should focus on problems, focuses on analyzing comfort, rationality, fun for children such children psychology influence of furniture to design.
Finally, this paper presents a children's psychological and physiological characteristics based on the specific requirements of furniture design, stylist need to children all physiological and psychological characteristics, need comprehensive consideration of children's health, medical, related physiological and social psychology research achievements, inductive and discusses the qualitative change of children's physical and psychological characteristics, by understanding their physiological and psychological change the phenomenon and reason, summarizes the characteristics and children furniture design principle, to better guide children furniture design practice.
This research results on domestic children furniture design research has certain directive significance to other types of products, importing emotional design thought also has the corresponding reference value, provide a guarantee for follow-up study. Keywords:children's furniture; children's psychological; color; cartoon character
首先,本文对国内外儿童家具设计进行调查研究与总结,汲取他们的有益思想和技术方法,儿童期是人的生理、心理发展的关键时期,是开发智力、建构积极性格的最佳时机。
其次,本文从生理结构上分析了儿童的独有特征,介绍了目前普遍的基于人机工程学的儿童家具设计,但随着时代的发展,儿童的心理发展特征逐渐被人重视,儿童家具设计除了满足使用功能外.还要满足儿童心理上的各种需要；实际上是对家具艺术的一种认知过程,即美学上的审美要求。从而引出在儿童家具设计过程中应该着重关注的问题,重点分析舒适性、合理性、寓教于乐等儿童心理对儿童家具设计的影响。
结合设计艺术学中的各项设计要点,阐述了色彩在儿童家具中的重要性。孩子适合的颜色、喜欢的色彩与他们的年龄有关,应该根据孩子不同的年龄选择不同的颜色；从美学意义上说,儿童家具色彩的运用具有强烈的时代审美特征。儿童的想象力丰富,不同的颜色可以刺激儿童的视觉神经,提高儿童的创造力,训练儿童对于色彩的敏锐度,以满足儿童需求。
从家具造型的角度,分析了儿童家具造型的关键因素,应充分体现生动活泼、简洁、明快、舒适、贴近自然的家具美感,富有艺术性,符合儿童活泼、天真和质朴的内心世界,使孩子在这种简洁美、条理美的熏陶中健康成长,提高儿童的审美能力。
从家具材料的应用角度,分析了儿童家具选材的注意要点,儿童对自然材料的喜爱风潮,体现的是深层次的心理情感需求。
最后,本文提出了基于儿童心理及生理特征的家具设计的具体要求,设计师需要对儿童生理和心理特点进行全方面的考虑,需要综合相关儿童保健、医疗、生理、社会心理等研究成果,定性的归纳和探讨儿童生理和心理的变化特征,通过了解他们生理和心理变化的现象和原因,总结出儿童家具设计的特征及原则,以更好地指导儿童家具设计实践。
本文的研究结果对国内儿童家具的设计研究具有一定的现实指导意义,对其他类型的产品导入情感化设计思想也具有相应的参考价值,为后续研究提供了保证。
Children furniture design involves interior space organization, functional partition, furniture, display, lighting, color, ergonomics, and other aspects, need for children physiological and psychological characteristics of children furniture, scientific and reasonable research design. This paper follow modern children's physical and mental characteristics of the principle of natural growth pattern, color, shape, materials from three aspects of children furniture design methods and application were discussed.
First of all, the paper on domestic and foreign children furniture design research and summarize investigation, derive their useful idea and technical methods, childhood is human physiology, psychological critical period of development, intelligence is the development and construction of positive personality optimal opportunity.
Secondly, this paper analyzed the physical structure of the unique features of children, introduces the current of the ergonomics are generally based on children's furniture design, but with the development of The Times, the child's psychological development characteristics were gradually attention, children's furniture design in addition to meet the use function. Also to meet the various needs of children's psychological; In fact is a kind of furniture art cognitive processes, namely aesthetic requirement. Then drew in children furniture design process should focus on problems, focuses on analyzing comfort, rationality, fun for children such children psychology influence of furniture to design.
Finally, this paper presents a children's psychological and physiological characteristics based on the specific requirements of furniture design, stylist need to children all physiological and psychological characteristics, need comprehensive consideration of children's health, medical, related physiological and social psychology research achievements, inductive and discusses the qualitative change of children's physical and psychological characteristics, by understanding their physiological and psychological change the phenomenon and reason, summarizes the characteristics and children furniture design principle, to better guide children furniture design practice.
This research results on domestic children furniture design research has certain directive significance to other types of products, importing emotional design thought also has the corresponding reference value, provide a guarantee for follow-up study. Keywords:children's furniture; children's psychological; color; cartoon character
引文
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