铁路电务站段安全风险管理研究
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摘要
电务安全管理是铁路安全管理的重要组成部分,在目前“天窗”点时间少,点外不允许上道,设备质量又要保证的情况下,电务安全管理面临着各种各样的风险。随着风险管理在铁路行业的深入推进,段对安全风险管理深入研究,分析制定出一套适合自己的安全风险管理办法。
本文结合负责、参与安全风险管理研判的实际,试用鱼刺图、模糊综合评价、风险矩阵和专家列举法等手段,采用理论与实例相结合的研究方法,将电务安全管理与风险管理的方法理念进行比较,提出既有安全管理存在的弊端,并采用鱼刺图、模糊综合评价、矩阵分析等数学方法对山区铁路电务安全管理的风险进行风险识别和评估。在继承电务既有安全管理成功经验做法的基础上,将风险管理理念贯穿整个安全管理中,针对提出的问题,从管理职责、管理制度、标准化建设、人员素质风险以及维修体制改革、既有线施工安全、劳动人身安全、应急机制等多个方面系统论述了电务在安全管理中所面临的各种风险。对所识别的主要风险进行分析、安全评估、风险控制全过程讨论,并研究相应的风险对策,最后提出有效实施风险对策的措施和方法。在此基础上,把风险管理运用在既有线施工中进行检验,取得了良好效果。
目前,段已经把风险管理研究出的相关结果推广到电务安全管理中,从运用的效果来看,推行安全风险管理,既填补了制度漏洞,明确了管理目标,统一了安全认知；也进一步落实了标准化作业,违章蛮干现象极大减少；规避或消除了部分安全管理风险,从而减小了管理成本。希望也能为其他类似的山区铁路电务安全管理提供借鉴。
Railway safety management is an important part of the railway safety management. Under the premise of ensuring the equipment quality, electricity safety management faced various risks because of lacking of "skylight" and other activities are not allowed except the "skylight" time. With the advance of the risk management in the railway industry, electricity maintenance division penetrated into the safety risk management, and worked out a suitable safety risk management approach.
Based on the experience of in charge of or participation in the security risk management and compared mountain railway electricity safety management and risk management methods the thesis concluded the insufficiency of existing safety management by the methods of theory combined with the instance. Using bones diagram, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation mathematics method and matrix analysis, it also identified and estimated the risk of mountain railway electricity safety management. On the basis of existing safety management experiences, the concept of risk management is implemented throughout the entire security management. In response to questions from management responsibilities, management system, standardization of construction, quality of personnel risk as well as maintenance of system reform, both line construction safety, labor, personal safety, and emergency response mechanism system,the thesis discussed various risks that electricity division faced in the safety management. Research the corresponding risk countermeasure after the entire discussion of analysis, safety evaluation and risk control of the main identified risks and finally put forward effective measures and methods of risk countermeasures. On this basis, the application of risk management in the construction of existing lines achieved good results.
At present, the division has promoted the relevant risk management research results in the electricity safety management. The effect shows that the promotion of safety risk management not only filled the system vulnerability but also cleared the management goal and unified security awareness. On the other hand, it also realized the standardized operation and reduced the occurrence of violation and the management cost through the risk aversion or elimination of safety management risks.It also hopes that the ideas in this thesis can provide some references to other similar mountain railway electricity safety management.
本文结合负责、参与安全风险管理研判的实际,试用鱼刺图、模糊综合评价、风险矩阵和专家列举法等手段,采用理论与实例相结合的研究方法,将电务安全管理与风险管理的方法理念进行比较,提出既有安全管理存在的弊端,并采用鱼刺图、模糊综合评价、矩阵分析等数学方法对山区铁路电务安全管理的风险进行风险识别和评估。在继承电务既有安全管理成功经验做法的基础上,将风险管理理念贯穿整个安全管理中,针对提出的问题,从管理职责、管理制度、标准化建设、人员素质风险以及维修体制改革、既有线施工安全、劳动人身安全、应急机制等多个方面系统论述了电务在安全管理中所面临的各种风险。对所识别的主要风险进行分析、安全评估、风险控制全过程讨论,并研究相应的风险对策,最后提出有效实施风险对策的措施和方法。在此基础上,把风险管理运用在既有线施工中进行检验,取得了良好效果。
目前,段已经把风险管理研究出的相关结果推广到电务安全管理中,从运用的效果来看,推行安全风险管理,既填补了制度漏洞,明确了管理目标,统一了安全认知；也进一步落实了标准化作业,违章蛮干现象极大减少；规避或消除了部分安全管理风险,从而减小了管理成本。希望也能为其他类似的山区铁路电务安全管理提供借鉴。
Railway safety management is an important part of the railway safety management. Under the premise of ensuring the equipment quality, electricity safety management faced various risks because of lacking of "skylight" and other activities are not allowed except the "skylight" time. With the advance of the risk management in the railway industry, electricity maintenance division penetrated into the safety risk management, and worked out a suitable safety risk management approach.
Based on the experience of in charge of or participation in the security risk management and compared mountain railway electricity safety management and risk management methods the thesis concluded the insufficiency of existing safety management by the methods of theory combined with the instance. Using bones diagram, and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation mathematics method and matrix analysis, it also identified and estimated the risk of mountain railway electricity safety management. On the basis of existing safety management experiences, the concept of risk management is implemented throughout the entire security management. In response to questions from management responsibilities, management system, standardization of construction, quality of personnel risk as well as maintenance of system reform, both line construction safety, labor, personal safety, and emergency response mechanism system,the thesis discussed various risks that electricity division faced in the safety management. Research the corresponding risk countermeasure after the entire discussion of analysis, safety evaluation and risk control of the main identified risks and finally put forward effective measures and methods of risk countermeasures. On this basis, the application of risk management in the construction of existing lines achieved good results.
At present, the division has promoted the relevant risk management research results in the electricity safety management. The effect shows that the promotion of safety risk management not only filled the system vulnerability but also cleared the management goal and unified security awareness. On the other hand, it also realized the standardized operation and reduced the occurrence of violation and the management cost through the risk aversion or elimination of safety management risks.It also hopes that the ideas in this thesis can provide some references to other similar mountain railway electricity safety management.
引文
[1]宋守信.铁路安全风险管理.北京交通大学.风险管理培训讲义；
[2]盛光祖.《盛光祖部长关于铁路安全风险管理的重要讲话》；
[3]盛光祖.《铁道部关于深化铁路安全风险管理的指导意见》；
[4]孙永福.铁路建设管理论集.中国铁道出版社,2004；
[5]李中斌.风险管理解读.石油工业出版社,2000；
[6]张广慧.铁路安全管理的问题与对策[J].铁道运输与经济。2004(07)；
[7]宾任祥.铁路运输安全管理概论[M].成都.西南交通大学出版社.2002；
[8]廖济广,谷鸿溪.论铁路安全管理现代化.中国安全科学报.1995.8
[9]蒋运华,董友明。铁路安全管理必须加强过程控制[J].铁道运输与经济.2005(05)；
[10]曹爱高.铁路安全管理的问题及对策[J].武汉理工大学学报,2003(5)；
[11]张翼鹏.安全控制论的理论基础与应用[J].工业安全月防尘,1988；
[12]刘国祥,王成林,张曙光.德国铁路安全管理考察[J].大事角,1996(2)；
[13]铁道部安全监察司.借鉴日本铁路安全管理经验探讨我国铁路安全管理思路[J].中国铁路,2003(4)；
[14]崔国仁.时限以知识为基础的铁路安全管理.铁道运输与经济[J],2000(8)；
[15]Marks Dorforman, Introduction to Risk Management,清华大学出版社,1998；
[16]宋明哲.风险管理.台湾中华企业管理发展中心,1985,10；
[17]彭冬芝.现代企业安全管理.中国电力出版社,2004年3月；
[18]ISO/FDIS31000Risk management—Principles and guidelines;
[19]许谨良.风险管理[M]。第三版.备件.中国金融出版社.2006.4-4；
[20]杜杰.风险管理智慧—企业风险管理务实[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2007；
[21]I.watanabe.铁路信号系统安全定性定量评估方法[J].严云升译.QR.of TRRI,No4
[22]姜春明.HAZOP风险分析方法[J].风险评价,2006,6；
[23]陈志业.事件树分析方法[M].北京科学技术出版社,1989；
[24]易俊.道路交通事故经济损失分析与评价[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2006；
[25]陈兰华.论铁路安全管理长效机制的建立.北京交通大学.论文；
[26]钱立新等.世界高速铁路技术[M].北京.中国铁道出版社,2003；
[27]彭峰.安全生产风险管理.中铁建风险管理讲义。
[28]钱立新.中国铁路行车安全技术保障体系的创新与实践[J].世界轨道交通,2004
[29]敢晓峰.铁路中间小站安全管理现状及对策研究[J].铁道运输与经济,2006
[30]高佳,沈祖培,黄祥瑞.人的可靠性分析：历史、需求和进展[J].中国安全科学学报,2003
[31]康熊,管天保,黎国清等.沪宁线行车安全综合监控系统的研究[J].中国铁道科学,2002,23(3)
[32]二蒋运华,董友明.铁路安全管理必须加强过程控制[J].铁道运输与经济.2005(05)
[33]傅立.灰色系统理论与应用[M].北京：科学技术文献出版社,1998
[34]冯利华.灰色预测模型的问题讨论[J].系统工程理论与实践,1997(12)
[36]李睿,佘廉.我国铁路运输安全管理的问题及对策[J].武汉理工大学学报,2003(5)
[37]孙仲伟.风险分析与决策.北京机械工业出版社,1987；
[38]BIP 2050-2004:Managing Safety the Systems Way. BSI.2004-10-01
[39]Managing Safety the Systems Way-Implementing BS OHSAS 18001:2007. GB-BSI
[40]IEC 62278:Railway applications-Specification and demonstration of reliability, availability, maintainability and safety (RAMS), IEC 2002-05-14
[41]Railway Applications-The specification and demonstrantion of reliability, avilability, maintainability and safety.
[42]Anne-Marie Makin;Chris Winder.Managing hazards in the workplace using organisational safety management systems:a safe place, safe person, safe systems approach. Journal of Risk Research. Routledge:1366-9877
[43]Palferman David. Managing Conflict and Stress in the Workplace:Theory and Practice. Legal Information Management.1472-6696
[44]Jane Fenn;Brian Jepson;Putting Trust into Safety Arguments. Constituents of Modern System-safety Thinking978-1-85233-952-4
[45]J. Oliphant.Controlling the safety of geotechnical structures:a proposed approach. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering0960-3182
[46]Springer-Verlag. Safety management of complex technology. Neural Computing and Applications.0941-0643
[47]Paul Mukherjee. The formal specification of safety requirements for storing explosives. Formal Aspects of Computing.0934-5043
[48]Tim Kelly. Developing artificial neural networks for safety critical systems.Neural Computing and Applications.1433-3058
[49]William B Runciman;G Ross Baker;Philippe Michel;Itziar Larizgoitia Jauregui;Richard J Lilford;Anne Andermann;Rhona Flin;William B Weeks. The epistemology of patient safety research. Blackwell Publishing Asia.1744-1609
[50]Judith M. Kramer. Managing the risks of therapeutic products:proceedings of a workshop.PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY.1099-1557
[2]盛光祖.《盛光祖部长关于铁路安全风险管理的重要讲话》；
[3]盛光祖.《铁道部关于深化铁路安全风险管理的指导意见》；
[4]孙永福.铁路建设管理论集.中国铁道出版社,2004；
[5]李中斌.风险管理解读.石油工业出版社,2000；
[6]张广慧.铁路安全管理的问题与对策[J].铁道运输与经济。2004(07)；
[7]宾任祥.铁路运输安全管理概论[M].成都.西南交通大学出版社.2002；
[8]廖济广,谷鸿溪.论铁路安全管理现代化.中国安全科学报.1995.8
[9]蒋运华,董友明。铁路安全管理必须加强过程控制[J].铁道运输与经济.2005(05)；
[10]曹爱高.铁路安全管理的问题及对策[J].武汉理工大学学报,2003(5)；
[11]张翼鹏.安全控制论的理论基础与应用[J].工业安全月防尘,1988；
[12]刘国祥,王成林,张曙光.德国铁路安全管理考察[J].大事角,1996(2)；
[13]铁道部安全监察司.借鉴日本铁路安全管理经验探讨我国铁路安全管理思路[J].中国铁路,2003(4)；
[14]崔国仁.时限以知识为基础的铁路安全管理.铁道运输与经济[J],2000(8)；
[15]Marks Dorforman, Introduction to Risk Management,清华大学出版社,1998；
[16]宋明哲.风险管理.台湾中华企业管理发展中心,1985,10；
[17]彭冬芝.现代企业安全管理.中国电力出版社,2004年3月；
[18]ISO/FDIS31000Risk management—Principles and guidelines;
[19]许谨良.风险管理[M]。第三版.备件.中国金融出版社.2006.4-4；
[20]杜杰.风险管理智慧—企业风险管理务实[M].北京.机械工业出版社.2007；
[21]I.watanabe.铁路信号系统安全定性定量评估方法[J].严云升译.QR.of TRRI,No4
[22]姜春明.HAZOP风险分析方法[J].风险评价,2006,6；
[23]陈志业.事件树分析方法[M].北京科学技术出版社,1989；
[24]易俊.道路交通事故经济损失分析与评价[D].哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文,2006；
[25]陈兰华.论铁路安全管理长效机制的建立.北京交通大学.论文；
[26]钱立新等.世界高速铁路技术[M].北京.中国铁道出版社,2003；
[27]彭峰.安全生产风险管理.中铁建风险管理讲义。
[28]钱立新.中国铁路行车安全技术保障体系的创新与实践[J].世界轨道交通,2004
[29]敢晓峰.铁路中间小站安全管理现状及对策研究[J].铁道运输与经济,2006
[30]高佳,沈祖培,黄祥瑞.人的可靠性分析：历史、需求和进展[J].中国安全科学学报,2003
[31]康熊,管天保,黎国清等.沪宁线行车安全综合监控系统的研究[J].中国铁道科学,2002,23(3)
[32]二蒋运华,董友明.铁路安全管理必须加强过程控制[J].铁道运输与经济.2005(05)
[33]傅立.灰色系统理论与应用[M].北京：科学技术文献出版社,1998
[34]冯利华.灰色预测模型的问题讨论[J].系统工程理论与实践,1997(12)
[36]李睿,佘廉.我国铁路运输安全管理的问题及对策[J].武汉理工大学学报,2003(5)
[37]孙仲伟.风险分析与决策.北京机械工业出版社,1987；
[38]BIP 2050-2004:Managing Safety the Systems Way. BSI.2004-10-01
[39]Managing Safety the Systems Way-Implementing BS OHSAS 18001:2007. GB-BSI
[40]IEC 62278:Railway applications-Specification and demonstration of reliability, availability, maintainability and safety (RAMS), IEC 2002-05-14
[41]Railway Applications-The specification and demonstrantion of reliability, avilability, maintainability and safety.
[42]Anne-Marie Makin;Chris Winder.Managing hazards in the workplace using organisational safety management systems:a safe place, safe person, safe systems approach. Journal of Risk Research. Routledge:1366-9877
[43]Palferman David. Managing Conflict and Stress in the Workplace:Theory and Practice. Legal Information Management.1472-6696
[44]Jane Fenn;Brian Jepson;Putting Trust into Safety Arguments. Constituents of Modern System-safety Thinking978-1-85233-952-4
[45]J. Oliphant.Controlling the safety of geotechnical structures:a proposed approach. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering0960-3182
[46]Springer-Verlag. Safety management of complex technology. Neural Computing and Applications.0941-0643
[47]Paul Mukherjee. The formal specification of safety requirements for storing explosives. Formal Aspects of Computing.0934-5043
[48]Tim Kelly. Developing artificial neural networks for safety critical systems.Neural Computing and Applications.1433-3058
[49]William B Runciman;G Ross Baker;Philippe Michel;Itziar Larizgoitia Jauregui;Richard J Lilford;Anne Andermann;Rhona Flin;William B Weeks. The epistemology of patient safety research. Blackwell Publishing Asia.1744-1609
[50]Judith M. Kramer. Managing the risks of therapeutic products:proceedings of a workshop.PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY.1099-1557