钢轨噪声控制器的参数优化和降噪效果分析
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摘要
轮轨振动是轮轨辐射噪声的主要因素。本文利用多自由度动力吸振原理和阻尼减振技术设计噪声控制器,降低钢轨振动,从而达到降低钢轨辐射噪声的目的。本文以钢轨和控制器为研究对象,综合运用有限元法、边界元法、实验测试,研究钢轨的动态特性以及钢轨的辐射声场。
首先:为了使建立的有限元模型与实际情况更加接近,通过实验测得钢轨以及钢轨安装约束阻尼后,模型的整体阻尼。
其次:本文用有限元法建立钢轨模型,进行模态分析,得到钢轨模型的固有频率和模态振型。通过锤击激振,得到钢轨的频响函数,实验得到钢轨的固有频率,结果与有限元计算结果基本一致;通过实验得到控制器对2m钢轨的减振降噪效果,并且建立有限元模型,质量块的个数与实验时控制器壳体中的钢球的个数、质量相同的情况下建立有限元模型,计算得到控制器的减振降噪效果;进而得到钢轨和控制器模型的合理性。
再次:对控制器参数(质量块质量、质量块个数、质量块层间刚度、质量块层数)对25m钢轨减振降噪效果的影响分析。
最后:对控制器参数进行优化,进而在满足设计要求和约束要求的条件下,得到控制器减振降噪效果最好时,控制器各个参数的取值。根据这些参数重新建立钢轨及控制器模型,计算控制器对25m钢轨的降噪效果。
Wheel-rail rolling noise is generated by vibrations of both the rail and the wheel. According to the principles of Multi-degree absorber and damping absorber, the noise controller is designed. The Finite Element Method (FEM)、The Boundary Element Method (BEM) and the test technique are synthetically used to analyze the dynamic characteristic and the acoustic field of rail and controller in this thesis.
Firstly: getting damping ratio by testing frequency response function of rail, for the finite elements models of rail and controller are the coincident with the actual model.
Secondly: A finite elements model of rail is built in this paper. After modal analysis in MSC.Patran&MSC.Nastran, natural frequencies and modes are gotten, The result of experiment model analysis is coincident to the ANSYS results. Install the controller on the rail, and impulse the rail to test the effect of it. Compared the experimental result with the MSC.Nastran analysis result, the experimental result has a good agreement with the MSC.Nastran analysis result and it shows that the finite elements models of the rail and controller are usable.
Thirdly: Analyze the effect of the controller parameters ( the mass of the mass block、the quantity of the mass block、the quantity of the mass block layers、the stiffness coefficient).
Finally: Optimize the controller parameters by the tool of ANSYS and iSIGHT, On the condition of satisfaction of restriction, to achieve the minimum displacement of rail then get the best effect of the controller.
首先:为了使建立的有限元模型与实际情况更加接近,通过实验测得钢轨以及钢轨安装约束阻尼后,模型的整体阻尼。
其次:本文用有限元法建立钢轨模型,进行模态分析,得到钢轨模型的固有频率和模态振型。通过锤击激振,得到钢轨的频响函数,实验得到钢轨的固有频率,结果与有限元计算结果基本一致;通过实验得到控制器对2m钢轨的减振降噪效果,并且建立有限元模型,质量块的个数与实验时控制器壳体中的钢球的个数、质量相同的情况下建立有限元模型,计算得到控制器的减振降噪效果;进而得到钢轨和控制器模型的合理性。
再次:对控制器参数(质量块质量、质量块个数、质量块层间刚度、质量块层数)对25m钢轨减振降噪效果的影响分析。
最后:对控制器参数进行优化,进而在满足设计要求和约束要求的条件下,得到控制器减振降噪效果最好时,控制器各个参数的取值。根据这些参数重新建立钢轨及控制器模型,计算控制器对25m钢轨的降噪效果。
Wheel-rail rolling noise is generated by vibrations of both the rail and the wheel. According to the principles of Multi-degree absorber and damping absorber, the noise controller is designed. The Finite Element Method (FEM)、The Boundary Element Method (BEM) and the test technique are synthetically used to analyze the dynamic characteristic and the acoustic field of rail and controller in this thesis.
Firstly: getting damping ratio by testing frequency response function of rail, for the finite elements models of rail and controller are the coincident with the actual model.
Secondly: A finite elements model of rail is built in this paper. After modal analysis in MSC.Patran&MSC.Nastran, natural frequencies and modes are gotten, The result of experiment model analysis is coincident to the ANSYS results. Install the controller on the rail, and impulse the rail to test the effect of it. Compared the experimental result with the MSC.Nastran analysis result, the experimental result has a good agreement with the MSC.Nastran analysis result and it shows that the finite elements models of the rail and controller are usable.
Thirdly: Analyze the effect of the controller parameters ( the mass of the mass block、the quantity of the mass block、the quantity of the mass block layers、the stiffness coefficient).
Finally: Optimize the controller parameters by the tool of ANSYS and iSIGHT, On the condition of satisfaction of restriction, to achieve the minimum displacement of rail then get the best effect of the controller.
引文
(1)圣小珍,雷晓燕.欧洲铁路轮轨噪声研究方法和进展.华东交通大学学报-2001年3期.
(2)刘林芽,雷晓燕,连松良.铁路线路噪声特点分析.
(3)孟光,陈进等.高速轨道交通减振降噪的研究及其关键技术的展望.机车点传动-2003年 B12期.
(4)Winker K.Guideline For Optimizing Vibration Mass Dampers.SAE Paper 880076.
(5)孙大新,高亮.高速铁路轮轨噪声及其控制措施.中国安全科学学报-2005年11期.
(6)Field IM.Walker J GThe Respone to Railway Noise in Residential Areas in Great Britain.Journal of Sound and Vibration,85(2),177-255,1982.
(7)European Rail Rasearch Institute.Description of the TWINS model and validation of the model versus experimental data[J].Question C163 Railway Noise,ReportNo21.railway rolling noise model,1995.
(8)W.Wei,D.J.Thompson.A Comparison of Modes for Vehicle Dynamics and Noise of a Railway Venicle and Track.ISVK Technical Memorandum.2004,No.939.
(9)Y.Q.Sun,M.Dhanaseakar.A Dynamic Model for the Vertical Interaction of the Rail Track and Wagon System.International Journal of Solids and Structures.2002,39:1337-1359.
(10)王欣.城市轨道交通减振降噪技术的应用.地铁与轻轨-2003年1期.
(11)张少辉、吴成军等.高速列车轮轨滚动噪声的理论预估.噪声与振动控制-2001年1期.
(12)Takeo MORIKAWA.Simulation of Wayside Time-dependent Noise Level on Shinkansen and Analysis of Noise for Their Contribution to the Whole Noise Level.[J].QR of RTRI.1997,38(4):212-217.
(13)赵良省编著.噪声与振动控制技术.北京.化学工业出版社(P37-P47).
(14)胡海岩主编.机械振动基础.北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.(P100-P110).
(15)刘棣华编著.粘弹阻尼减振降噪应用技术.宇航出版社.
(16)铁路轨道基本知识(第三版)童大埙 主编,中国铁道出版社.
(17)铁路公务技术手册 轨道 TIELU GONGWU JISHU SHOUCE 中国铁道出版社.
(18)张有天,王镭,陈平编著.边界元方法及其在工程中的应用.北京.水利水电出版社,1989.
(19)Dary L.Logan 著.伍义生,吴永礼等译.有限元方法基础教程(第三版)A First Course in the Finite Element Method,Third Edition[美].
(20)戴德沛主编.阻尼技术的工程应用.清华大学出版社.
(21)阻尼减振降躁技术 戴德沛 编著 西安交通大学出版社(p21-p27).
(22)雷晓燕,圣小珍编著.铁路交通噪声与振动戴德沛主编北京.科学出版社.
(23)童大埙主编.铁路轨道.北京.中国铁道出版社.
(24)Numerical modelling of ground-borne noise and vibration in buildings due to surface rail traffic P.Fiala G.Degrande~(?)and F.Augusztinovicz.
(25)Non-stationary random ground vibration due to loads moving along a railway track Feng Lu,Qiang Gao,J.H.Lin,and F.W.Williams.
(26)Junger M.C.and Feit D.Sound,Structure and Their Interation.Cambridge,MA:M.I.T.Press,1979.
(27)Karston Bo Rasmussen,Model experiment related to outdoor propagation over an eartj berrn[J].Acoust.Soc.Am.,1994,96:3617-3620.
(28)Clenn J.Wadsworth and James P.Chamgbers,Scale model experiments on the insertion loss of wide and double barriers[J].Acoust.Soc.Am.,2000,107(5):2344-2350.
(29)轨道交通钢轨的振动特性及其动力吸振技术研究 杨祖旺 哈尔滨工业大学 工学硕士学位论文 2006,6.
(30)博弈创作室编著.APDL参数化有限元分析技术及其应用实例.北京.中国水利水电出版社.
(31)胡少伟,苗同臣编著.结构振动理论及其应用.北京.中国建筑工业出版社.
(32)诸德超,邢誉峰主编.工业工程基础.北京航空航天大学出版社.
(33)李德葆,陆秋海著.实验模态分析及其应用.北京.科学出版社.2001(P25-87)
(34)傅志方主编.振动模态分析与参数识别.北京.机械工业出版社.1990(P1-P131)
(35)杨景义,王信义编著.试验模态分析.北京理工大学出版社.1990(P82-P118)
(36)孙炳楠,项玉寅,张永元.工程中边界元法及其应用.杭州.浙江大学出版社,1991
(37)应怀樵主编.现代振动与噪声技术.航空工业出版社.2002(P234-P238)
(38)赵玫,周海亭等编著.机械振动与噪声学.北京.科学出版社.(P242-247).2005
(39)孙长任,杜家政,卢绪智,石可重等编著.MSC.Nastran应用实例教程.北京.科学出版社,2005.
(40)隋允康.杜家政,彭细荣编著.MSC.Nastran有限元动力分析与优化设计实用教程.北京.科学出版社,2004.
(41)李增刚编著.SYSNOISE Rev 5.6详解.北京.国防工业出版社,2005.
(42)刘兵山,黄聪等编著.Patran从入门到精通.中国水利水电出版社.2003.
(43)熊杰,雷晓燕.低噪声车轮阻尼控制的有限元分析.中国铁道科学.2006.01期.
(44)D.H.Koo.J.C.W.H.Yoo,T.W.Park..An Experimental Study of the Effect of Wheels in Reducing Noise and Vibration[J].Transportation Research,Part:D,2002,(7):429-439.
(45)K.L Knothe.Rail Vibrations in the High Frequency Range of Railway EmbankKent.Supp.to V.S.D.1995,Vol.24.
(46)杨德全,赵忠生著.边界元理论及应用.北京理工大学出版社.2002.
(47)Y.Q.Sun,M.Dhanasekar.A Dynamic Modal for the Vertical Interation of the Rail Track and Wagon System.International Journal of Solids and Structures.2002,39:1337-1359.
(48)European Rail Research Institude.Description of the TWINS Modal and Validation of the Model Versus Experimental Data[J].Question C163 Railway Noise,Report No.21,1995.
(49)Z.Radim,M.Pavel.Rubber Resilient Wheels Cut Urban Rail Noise[J],International Railway Journal.2003,Vol.XLⅢ(4):29-31.
(50)K.L.Knothe.Rail Vibrations in the High Frequency Range.J.Sound Viber.1994vol.169:111-113.
(2)刘林芽,雷晓燕,连松良.铁路线路噪声特点分析.
(3)孟光,陈进等.高速轨道交通减振降噪的研究及其关键技术的展望.机车点传动-2003年 B12期.
(4)Winker K.Guideline For Optimizing Vibration Mass Dampers.SAE Paper 880076.
(5)孙大新,高亮.高速铁路轮轨噪声及其控制措施.中国安全科学学报-2005年11期.
(6)Field IM.Walker J GThe Respone to Railway Noise in Residential Areas in Great Britain.Journal of Sound and Vibration,85(2),177-255,1982.
(7)European Rail Rasearch Institute.Description of the TWINS model and validation of the model versus experimental data[J].Question C163 Railway Noise,ReportNo21.railway rolling noise model,1995.
(8)W.Wei,D.J.Thompson.A Comparison of Modes for Vehicle Dynamics and Noise of a Railway Venicle and Track.ISVK Technical Memorandum.2004,No.939.
(9)Y.Q.Sun,M.Dhanaseakar.A Dynamic Model for the Vertical Interaction of the Rail Track and Wagon System.International Journal of Solids and Structures.2002,39:1337-1359.
(10)王欣.城市轨道交通减振降噪技术的应用.地铁与轻轨-2003年1期.
(11)张少辉、吴成军等.高速列车轮轨滚动噪声的理论预估.噪声与振动控制-2001年1期.
(12)Takeo MORIKAWA.Simulation of Wayside Time-dependent Noise Level on Shinkansen and Analysis of Noise for Their Contribution to the Whole Noise Level.[J].QR of RTRI.1997,38(4):212-217.
(13)赵良省编著.噪声与振动控制技术.北京.化学工业出版社(P37-P47).
(14)胡海岩主编.机械振动基础.北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.(P100-P110).
(15)刘棣华编著.粘弹阻尼减振降噪应用技术.宇航出版社.
(16)铁路轨道基本知识(第三版)童大埙 主编,中国铁道出版社.
(17)铁路公务技术手册 轨道 TIELU GONGWU JISHU SHOUCE 中国铁道出版社.
(18)张有天,王镭,陈平编著.边界元方法及其在工程中的应用.北京.水利水电出版社,1989.
(19)Dary L.Logan 著.伍义生,吴永礼等译.有限元方法基础教程(第三版)A First Course in the Finite Element Method,Third Edition[美].
(20)戴德沛主编.阻尼技术的工程应用.清华大学出版社.
(21)阻尼减振降躁技术 戴德沛 编著 西安交通大学出版社(p21-p27).
(22)雷晓燕,圣小珍编著.铁路交通噪声与振动戴德沛主编北京.科学出版社.
(23)童大埙主编.铁路轨道.北京.中国铁道出版社.
(24)Numerical modelling of ground-borne noise and vibration in buildings due to surface rail traffic P.Fiala G.Degrande~(?)and F.Augusztinovicz.
(25)Non-stationary random ground vibration due to loads moving along a railway track Feng Lu,Qiang Gao,J.H.Lin,and F.W.Williams.
(26)Junger M.C.and Feit D.Sound,Structure and Their Interation.Cambridge,MA:M.I.T.Press,1979.
(27)Karston Bo Rasmussen,Model experiment related to outdoor propagation over an eartj berrn[J].Acoust.Soc.Am.,1994,96:3617-3620.
(28)Clenn J.Wadsworth and James P.Chamgbers,Scale model experiments on the insertion loss of wide and double barriers[J].Acoust.Soc.Am.,2000,107(5):2344-2350.
(29)轨道交通钢轨的振动特性及其动力吸振技术研究 杨祖旺 哈尔滨工业大学 工学硕士学位论文 2006,6.
(30)博弈创作室编著.APDL参数化有限元分析技术及其应用实例.北京.中国水利水电出版社.
(31)胡少伟,苗同臣编著.结构振动理论及其应用.北京.中国建筑工业出版社.
(32)诸德超,邢誉峰主编.工业工程基础.北京航空航天大学出版社.
(33)李德葆,陆秋海著.实验模态分析及其应用.北京.科学出版社.2001(P25-87)
(34)傅志方主编.振动模态分析与参数识别.北京.机械工业出版社.1990(P1-P131)
(35)杨景义,王信义编著.试验模态分析.北京理工大学出版社.1990(P82-P118)
(36)孙炳楠,项玉寅,张永元.工程中边界元法及其应用.杭州.浙江大学出版社,1991
(37)应怀樵主编.现代振动与噪声技术.航空工业出版社.2002(P234-P238)
(38)赵玫,周海亭等编著.机械振动与噪声学.北京.科学出版社.(P242-247).2005
(39)孙长任,杜家政,卢绪智,石可重等编著.MSC.Nastran应用实例教程.北京.科学出版社,2005.
(40)隋允康.杜家政,彭细荣编著.MSC.Nastran有限元动力分析与优化设计实用教程.北京.科学出版社,2004.
(41)李增刚编著.SYSNOISE Rev 5.6详解.北京.国防工业出版社,2005.
(42)刘兵山,黄聪等编著.Patran从入门到精通.中国水利水电出版社.2003.
(43)熊杰,雷晓燕.低噪声车轮阻尼控制的有限元分析.中国铁道科学.2006.01期.
(44)D.H.Koo.J.C.W.H.Yoo,T.W.Park..An Experimental Study of the Effect of Wheels in Reducing Noise and Vibration[J].Transportation Research,Part:D,2002,(7):429-439.
(45)K.L Knothe.Rail Vibrations in the High Frequency Range of Railway EmbankKent.Supp.to V.S.D.1995,Vol.24.
(46)杨德全,赵忠生著.边界元理论及应用.北京理工大学出版社.2002.
(47)Y.Q.Sun,M.Dhanasekar.A Dynamic Modal for the Vertical Interation of the Rail Track and Wagon System.International Journal of Solids and Structures.2002,39:1337-1359.
(48)European Rail Research Institude.Description of the TWINS Modal and Validation of the Model Versus Experimental Data[J].Question C163 Railway Noise,Report No.21,1995.
(49)Z.Radim,M.Pavel.Rubber Resilient Wheels Cut Urban Rail Noise[J],International Railway Journal.2003,Vol.XLⅢ(4):29-31.
(50)K.L.Knothe.Rail Vibrations in the High Frequency Range.J.Sound Viber.1994vol.169:111-113.