运营期老旧隧道渗漏水病害成因与治理方法研究
摘要
随着当前社会经济的发展,我国为进一步完善国内公路铁路网,修建了大量的公路铁路隧道。由于设计、施工、材料及地质因素等各方面的原因,无论是国内还是国外,大多既有隧道都存在不同程度的病害。既有隧道病害的类型主要有水害、冻害、衬砌裂损和衬砌侵蚀,其中最常见的病害形式是水害。所谓的“十隧九漏”正反映了水害的频繁。隧道水害不仅增加隧道内湿度,造成电路短路等事故,危及运输安全,而且还引发其他病害。目前国内隧道防排水设计、施工方面还正处于发展阶段,更多的是借鉴国外成熟的技术经验来进行的,还有待于进一步系统、全面的研究。
本文通过查阅大量文献,在前人的研究成果基础上,以对运营期沈丹线分水岭隧道渗漏水病害成因与治理工程为依托,结合分水岭隧道渗漏水病害成因与治理调查,总结了分水岭隧道的渗漏水特点,分析了隧道渗漏水的原因。引入既有隧道维护管理的全生命周期理念,探索合适有效的维护管理计划,有效确保设施系统的正常运作,同时延长设施系统的服务年限,达到资源永续及节能减排的目标.根据国内外隧道防排水的发展趋势,探讨了运营期隧道防排水的设计和施工技术；并根据隧道渗漏水病害治理工程的实际施工情况,提出一些渗漏水治理的建议,总结出一些有益的结论。
With the current social and economic development, in order to further improve the national highway and railway network, a large number of highway and railway tunnels have been constructed. Because of the design, construction, material and geological factors, whether domestic or foreign, most of the existing tunnels are suffering from defects to some degree. Defects of existing tunnels mainly consist of water damage, freezing damage, lining split and lining erosion, among which water damage is the most common. So-called "9 of 10 tunnels leak" is a reflection of frequent water hazards. Tunnel water damage not only increases the humidity inside the tunnel, causes short circuit accidents and endangers transport safety, but also leads to other defects. currently domestic design of waterproof and drainage is at the developing stage. It mainly refers to the foriegn mature technologies and experiences. So it needs further systematic and comprehensive study.
Through an extensive literature and on the basis of previous research results, relying on the water leakage causes and treatment project of Watershed Tunnel of Shen Dan Line, combined with the investigation of water leakage causes and treatment of Watershed Tunnel, features of water leakage in Watershed Tunnel are summed up and the causes of water leakage in the tunnel are analyzed. Whole life cycle concept of maintenance management in existing tunnels is introduced. It is used to explore appropriate and effective maintenance management program. This not only ensures the normal operation of the facility system but also extends the service life of the facility system. The goal of sustainable development and energy saving is achieved. According to the trends of drainage technologies in tunnels domestic and abroad, waterproofing and drainage design and construction technology of the operation tunnels have been discussed; some advice about treatment of water leakage has been proposed and some useful conclusions have been summarized, according to the actual construction conditions of the treatment project.
本文通过查阅大量文献,在前人的研究成果基础上,以对运营期沈丹线分水岭隧道渗漏水病害成因与治理工程为依托,结合分水岭隧道渗漏水病害成因与治理调查,总结了分水岭隧道的渗漏水特点,分析了隧道渗漏水的原因。引入既有隧道维护管理的全生命周期理念,探索合适有效的维护管理计划,有效确保设施系统的正常运作,同时延长设施系统的服务年限,达到资源永续及节能减排的目标.根据国内外隧道防排水的发展趋势,探讨了运营期隧道防排水的设计和施工技术；并根据隧道渗漏水病害治理工程的实际施工情况,提出一些渗漏水治理的建议,总结出一些有益的结论。
With the current social and economic development, in order to further improve the national highway and railway network, a large number of highway and railway tunnels have been constructed. Because of the design, construction, material and geological factors, whether domestic or foreign, most of the existing tunnels are suffering from defects to some degree. Defects of existing tunnels mainly consist of water damage, freezing damage, lining split and lining erosion, among which water damage is the most common. So-called "9 of 10 tunnels leak" is a reflection of frequent water hazards. Tunnel water damage not only increases the humidity inside the tunnel, causes short circuit accidents and endangers transport safety, but also leads to other defects. currently domestic design of waterproof and drainage is at the developing stage. It mainly refers to the foriegn mature technologies and experiences. So it needs further systematic and comprehensive study.
Through an extensive literature and on the basis of previous research results, relying on the water leakage causes and treatment project of Watershed Tunnel of Shen Dan Line, combined with the investigation of water leakage causes and treatment of Watershed Tunnel, features of water leakage in Watershed Tunnel are summed up and the causes of water leakage in the tunnel are analyzed. Whole life cycle concept of maintenance management in existing tunnels is introduced. It is used to explore appropriate and effective maintenance management program. This not only ensures the normal operation of the facility system but also extends the service life of the facility system. The goal of sustainable development and energy saving is achieved. According to the trends of drainage technologies in tunnels domestic and abroad, waterproofing and drainage design and construction technology of the operation tunnels have been discussed; some advice about treatment of water leakage has been proposed and some useful conclusions have been summarized, according to the actual construction conditions of the treatment project.
引文
[1]赵顺义.山岭公路隧道的水害研究与处治[D].重庆交通大学硕士学位论文,2008.4
[2]祝和权,李海燕,杜存山.隧道渗漏水综合治理技术的研究[J].中国铁路,2004,(2)：42-45
[3]李治国,张玉军衬.衬砌开裂隧道的稳定性分析及治理技术.现代隧道技术,2004.(1)：26-31
[4]刘海京,夏才初,朱合华,罗鑫.隧道病害研究现状与进展.地下空间与工程学报,2007.(5)：948-953
[5]吴江滨.运营隧道衬砌状态评估体系研究.现代城市轨道交通,2009.(6)：82-85
[6]蒲春平,孙耀南.隧道与地下工程渗漏水现状及其防治措施综述[J].世界隧道,1999,(1)：45-49
[7]袁勇,姜孝漠,周家明等.我国隧道防水技术的现状[J].世界隧道,1999.(4)：40-44
[8]西德隧道防水系统的最新发展,隧道译丛,1980(10)
[9]熊有言译.国内外公路隧道工程中使用土工合成材料防水综述[J].国外公路,1996,12(4)：46-50
[9]熊有言译.欧美国家在隧道工程中使用土工合成材料作防水密封层[J].国外公路,1999,17(4)：51-54
[10]日本国营铁路隧道变形调查及整修经验介绍.隧道译丛,1980,(12)
[11]崔玖江.日本隧道与地下工程防水技术[J].中国建筑防水材料,1996,(4)：34-37
[12]兰利敏译,胡政才校.日本1994年隧道工程状况[J].世界隧道,1996,(1)：14-27
[13]张连成.公路隧道防排水技术之探讨[J].公路交通技术,2003,(4)：68-69
[14]方梁正.公路隧道渗漏与冻害防治研究[D],长安大学硕士论文,2001,(5)
[15]朱祖熹.城市隧道防水技术的现状与展望[J].地下工程与隧道,1995,(4)：17-23
[16]宗培新.膨润土防水毯应用技术[J].中国建材,2005,(8)：48-50
[17]张宇旭.隧道工程常见病害的危害及成因分析.国外建材科技,2008,(2)：72-75
[18]刘玉乾,刘国伍.铁路隧道无损检测技术与应用.铁道标准设计,2004,(11)：69-72
[19]李江林,关淑萍.探地雷达在隧洞衬砌质量检测中的应用.隧道建设,2010,(1)：1-5
[20]关宝树.隧道工程维修管理要点集[M].人民交通出版社,2004
[21]罗鑫,夏才初.隧道病害分级的现状及问题.地下空间与工程学报,2006,(5)：177-180
[22]徐力平,廖惠菁.隧道维护管理策略导入全生命周期理念.营建知讯,2008,(10)：11-20
[23](JTGH12-2003)公路隧道养护技术规范[M].北京,2003.
[24]代高飞.隧道典型病害及连拱隧道裂缝和渗漏水调查研究[D].同济大学博士后研究 工作报告,上海,2004：8-10
[25]郑立煌.公路隧道病害成因分析与隧道病害管理系统的开发[D].同济大学硕士学位论文,2005,(3)：22-26
[26]高鹤江,刘修炜.铁路桥隧病害检查观测方法[M].中国铁道出版社,北京,1987
[27]亢会明,李晓红.华鉴山隧道穿煤段施工及安全监测.岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(A01)：936-939
[28]曾水长.既有铁路隧道病害整治[J].铁道建筑,2006,(08)：43-44
[29]陈礼伟.浅析隧道病害产生的原因[J].隧道建设,2004,(02)：85-87
[30]ITA. Report on the Damaging Effects of Water on Tunnels During Their Working Life. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,Vol.6,No.1,pp.11-76,1991
[31]刘海京,夏才初,朱合华,罗鑫.隧道病害研究现状与进展[J]地下空间与工程学报,2007,(05)：947-951
[32]陈希茂.既有隧道常见病害分析[J].科技经济市场,2008,(02)：26-28
[33]贾志清.铁路运营隧道病害状态检测及其机理分析[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文.2005
[34]A.Haack,J.Schreyer,G.Jackel. State-of-the-art of Non-destructive Testing Methods for Determining the State of a Tunnel Lining. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol.10,No.4,pp.413-431,1995.
[35]钱建宇.隧道检测维修补强之探讨-以军事坑道维护管理为例[D].国立中央大学,土木工程研究所硕士论文,2006(5)
[2]祝和权,李海燕,杜存山.隧道渗漏水综合治理技术的研究[J].中国铁路,2004,(2)：42-45
[3]李治国,张玉军衬.衬砌开裂隧道的稳定性分析及治理技术.现代隧道技术,2004.(1)：26-31
[4]刘海京,夏才初,朱合华,罗鑫.隧道病害研究现状与进展.地下空间与工程学报,2007.(5)：948-953
[5]吴江滨.运营隧道衬砌状态评估体系研究.现代城市轨道交通,2009.(6)：82-85
[6]蒲春平,孙耀南.隧道与地下工程渗漏水现状及其防治措施综述[J].世界隧道,1999,(1)：45-49
[7]袁勇,姜孝漠,周家明等.我国隧道防水技术的现状[J].世界隧道,1999.(4)：40-44
[8]西德隧道防水系统的最新发展,隧道译丛,1980(10)
[9]熊有言译.国内外公路隧道工程中使用土工合成材料防水综述[J].国外公路,1996,12(4)：46-50
[9]熊有言译.欧美国家在隧道工程中使用土工合成材料作防水密封层[J].国外公路,1999,17(4)：51-54
[10]日本国营铁路隧道变形调查及整修经验介绍.隧道译丛,1980,(12)
[11]崔玖江.日本隧道与地下工程防水技术[J].中国建筑防水材料,1996,(4)：34-37
[12]兰利敏译,胡政才校.日本1994年隧道工程状况[J].世界隧道,1996,(1)：14-27
[13]张连成.公路隧道防排水技术之探讨[J].公路交通技术,2003,(4)：68-69
[14]方梁正.公路隧道渗漏与冻害防治研究[D],长安大学硕士论文,2001,(5)
[15]朱祖熹.城市隧道防水技术的现状与展望[J].地下工程与隧道,1995,(4)：17-23
[16]宗培新.膨润土防水毯应用技术[J].中国建材,2005,(8)：48-50
[17]张宇旭.隧道工程常见病害的危害及成因分析.国外建材科技,2008,(2)：72-75
[18]刘玉乾,刘国伍.铁路隧道无损检测技术与应用.铁道标准设计,2004,(11)：69-72
[19]李江林,关淑萍.探地雷达在隧洞衬砌质量检测中的应用.隧道建设,2010,(1)：1-5
[20]关宝树.隧道工程维修管理要点集[M].人民交通出版社,2004
[21]罗鑫,夏才初.隧道病害分级的现状及问题.地下空间与工程学报,2006,(5)：177-180
[22]徐力平,廖惠菁.隧道维护管理策略导入全生命周期理念.营建知讯,2008,(10)：11-20
[23](JTGH12-2003)公路隧道养护技术规范[M].北京,2003.
[24]代高飞.隧道典型病害及连拱隧道裂缝和渗漏水调查研究[D].同济大学博士后研究 工作报告,上海,2004：8-10
[25]郑立煌.公路隧道病害成因分析与隧道病害管理系统的开发[D].同济大学硕士学位论文,2005,(3)：22-26
[26]高鹤江,刘修炜.铁路桥隧病害检查观测方法[M].中国铁道出版社,北京,1987
[27]亢会明,李晓红.华鉴山隧道穿煤段施工及安全监测.岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(A01)：936-939
[28]曾水长.既有铁路隧道病害整治[J].铁道建筑,2006,(08)：43-44
[29]陈礼伟.浅析隧道病害产生的原因[J].隧道建设,2004,(02)：85-87
[30]ITA. Report on the Damaging Effects of Water on Tunnels During Their Working Life. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,Vol.6,No.1,pp.11-76,1991
[31]刘海京,夏才初,朱合华,罗鑫.隧道病害研究现状与进展[J]地下空间与工程学报,2007,(05)：947-951
[32]陈希茂.既有隧道常见病害分析[J].科技经济市场,2008,(02)：26-28
[33]贾志清.铁路运营隧道病害状态检测及其机理分析[D].北京交通大学硕士学位论文.2005
[34]A.Haack,J.Schreyer,G.Jackel. State-of-the-art of Non-destructive Testing Methods for Determining the State of a Tunnel Lining. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol.10,No.4,pp.413-431,1995.
[35]钱建宇.隧道检测维修补强之探讨-以军事坑道维护管理为例[D].国立中央大学,土木工程研究所硕士论文,2006(5)