浙江省灌溉水利用效率测试分析与应用
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摘要
农业灌溉水利用效率是评价灌区农业用水效率的重要指标,也是灌区水利工程建设及用水管理的基本参数,在农业节水灌溉工作中具有非常重要的地位。然而农业灌溉水利用效率的基础理论国内外还存在比较大的争议,大尺度区域灌溉水在渠系输水、用水管理、田间的效率如何确定还缺少比较科学的理论和方法,从而也给农业水利工程建设和区域水资源高效利用工作带来了很大的困扰。本文则以浙江省为研究对象,对灌溉水利用效率的一些基础理论和灌溉过程中各个环节的灌溉水利用效率进行了深入分析,主要内容与结论如下：
1)依据灌区用水过程和节水灌溉基础理论,对灌溉水利用效率的内涵进行分析,理顺灌溉水利用效率的指标体系,提出了基于非充分灌溉理论分析计算灌溉水利用效率的方法。
2)以澳大利亚NIEG指标体系为基础,结合灌区用水过程和灌溉水利用效率的内涵,总结分析我国现有指标体系存在的问题,完善了各指标的确定方法,提出适合我省的灌溉水利用效率指标体系。
3)测试、分析浙江省主要类型渠道的渠道输水效率,建立了浙江省9类主要类型渠道流量与单位长度渠道输水效率的关系,并绘制出单位长度渠道输水效率的查算表。
4)根据渠道输水的物理过程,提出多越级渠道的正向递推法,解决了无流量观测资料的灌区渠系输水效率的推算方法。
5)通过推求典型灌区的渠系输水效率与渠道衬砌率的关系,采用面积加权平均法实现点面转化,建立浙江省渠系输水效率与渠道防渗率以及投资规模的关系。
6)通过测算确定全省农业灌溉各环节节水利用效率,分析其提高潜力,并从农田水利建设、灌区用水管理及农业节水灌溉等方面提出相应对策与措施。
The utilization efficiency of agriculture irrigation water is not only a key index to evaluate the efficiency of agriculture water, but also the basic parameter for hydrology engineering and water management, which plays an very important role in agriculture water-saving irrigation. However, the theory of irrigation water utilization efficiency is quite controversial in and abroad. Large scale irrigation water in water delivery, water management and the efficiency in the field is short of scientific theory and methods. This article analyses the basic theory and the efficiency in each procedure of irrigation water, and the main contents and conclusions are listed below:
1) Based on the process of water use and water-saving irrigation theory, the definition of irrigation water utilization efficiency is analyzed and the method of calculating irrigation water efficiency based on deficit irrigation theory is proposed.
2) Combining the connotation of water use process and irrigation water efficiency, several problems in our existing system in our country are identified according to the Australia NIEC index system. The methods of determining each index are improved and appropriate irrigation water utilization efficiency system is proposed
3)By testing, analyzing the water use efficiency of the main kind channel in Zhejiang, the relation between canal capacity and water delivery efficiency is established for 9 major kinds of channel, on which a table is made for check.
4) According to the physical process of water delivery, a forward recursive method is proposed, which solve the problems in the area where there is not sufficient data.
5) By establishing the relation between canal water delivery efficiency and lining rate, area weighted average method is applied to realize the conversion between point and area. The connection among water delivery efficiency, seepage rate and invest scale.
6)By determining the water-saving efficiency in each procedure in Zhejiang province, strategies and measures on aspects of agriculture hydrology constructions, water management and water-saving irrigation.
1)依据灌区用水过程和节水灌溉基础理论,对灌溉水利用效率的内涵进行分析,理顺灌溉水利用效率的指标体系,提出了基于非充分灌溉理论分析计算灌溉水利用效率的方法。
2)以澳大利亚NIEG指标体系为基础,结合灌区用水过程和灌溉水利用效率的内涵,总结分析我国现有指标体系存在的问题,完善了各指标的确定方法,提出适合我省的灌溉水利用效率指标体系。
3)测试、分析浙江省主要类型渠道的渠道输水效率,建立了浙江省9类主要类型渠道流量与单位长度渠道输水效率的关系,并绘制出单位长度渠道输水效率的查算表。
4)根据渠道输水的物理过程,提出多越级渠道的正向递推法,解决了无流量观测资料的灌区渠系输水效率的推算方法。
5)通过推求典型灌区的渠系输水效率与渠道衬砌率的关系,采用面积加权平均法实现点面转化,建立浙江省渠系输水效率与渠道防渗率以及投资规模的关系。
6)通过测算确定全省农业灌溉各环节节水利用效率,分析其提高潜力,并从农田水利建设、灌区用水管理及农业节水灌溉等方面提出相应对策与措施。
The utilization efficiency of agriculture irrigation water is not only a key index to evaluate the efficiency of agriculture water, but also the basic parameter for hydrology engineering and water management, which plays an very important role in agriculture water-saving irrigation. However, the theory of irrigation water utilization efficiency is quite controversial in and abroad. Large scale irrigation water in water delivery, water management and the efficiency in the field is short of scientific theory and methods. This article analyses the basic theory and the efficiency in each procedure of irrigation water, and the main contents and conclusions are listed below:
1) Based on the process of water use and water-saving irrigation theory, the definition of irrigation water utilization efficiency is analyzed and the method of calculating irrigation water efficiency based on deficit irrigation theory is proposed.
2) Combining the connotation of water use process and irrigation water efficiency, several problems in our existing system in our country are identified according to the Australia NIEC index system. The methods of determining each index are improved and appropriate irrigation water utilization efficiency system is proposed
3)By testing, analyzing the water use efficiency of the main kind channel in Zhejiang, the relation between canal capacity and water delivery efficiency is established for 9 major kinds of channel, on which a table is made for check.
4) According to the physical process of water delivery, a forward recursive method is proposed, which solve the problems in the area where there is not sufficient data.
5) By establishing the relation between canal water delivery efficiency and lining rate, area weighted average method is applied to realize the conversion between point and area. The connection among water delivery efficiency, seepage rate and invest scale.
6)By determining the water-saving efficiency in each procedure in Zhejiang province, strategies and measures on aspects of agriculture hydrology constructions, water management and water-saving irrigation.
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