高水压铁路隧道泄水式管片衬砌流固耦合研究
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摘要
当前,我国已成为世界上铁路隧道工程数量最多、规模最大、技术难度最复杂、发展最快的国家。随着隧道工程向山岭重丘发展,长大深埋高水压隧道越来越多。长大深埋高水压山岭隧道的施工将越来越多地采用隧道掘进机法。对于工期要求紧、支护要求非常及时的场合需要采用大量的装配式管片衬砌,应对高水压问题必须采用泄水式管片衬砌的理念,而目前泄水式管片衬砌结构的荷载特性及其力学特性尚缺乏相关的理论和技术支撑。
本文依托国家自然科学基金“高水压铁路隧道泄水式管片衬砌荷载及力学特性研究”课题,以向莆铁路戴云山高水压铁路隧道为对象工程,采用有限差分法流固耦合仿真分析和室内相似模型试验为研究手段,对高水压铁路隧道泄水式管片衬砌的荷载特性及其力学特性进行了系统研究,主要工作和成果如下：
(1)在分析注浆全封堵方式、单纯泄水方式、堵水限排方式三种水压处理方式的基础上,研究了高水压铁路隧道泄水式管片衬砌的作用机理,并结合高水压铁路隧道的特点对具体的应对方案进行了对比。
(2)在分析国内外渗流场与应力场相互作用的流固耦合理论基础上,结合有限差分法计算原理,提出了适应高水压山岭隧道特点的流固耦合力学分析模型及其合理边界条件。
(3)运用有限差分法对高水压泄水式管片衬砌渗流场与应力场进行流固耦合分析,在不同泄水孔形式、不同水位高度以及有无注浆圈的情况下,研究泄水式管片衬砌的泄水量与壁后孔隙水压力分布形态的相互关系,以及泄水式管片衬砌的内力变化规律。
(4)采用1：20的几何相似比和1：1的容重相似比,开展了泄水式管片衬砌的相似模型试验,以校核结构的安全性。研究泄水式管片衬砌泄水孔存在形态及水压变化对结构内力的影响规律,并对数值模拟和模型试验结果进行了对比分析。
At present, China has become the country with the largest number, the largest scope, the most complicated technical difficulty and the fastest-growing railway tunnel projects in the world. Because of the development of tunnel projects to mountainous terrain, the deeply, long and high wate pressure tunnels grow more and more. Mountain tunnel construction with high water pressure will apply the tunnel boring machine method (TBM) more and more. When the project schedule requires tightly and the support demands to be constructed very timely, we need to use a lot of fabricated segment lining. And we must apply the concept of the drainaged segment lining to respond the high wate pressure. But now, there is still a lack of relevant theoretical and technical support which is about load characteristics and mechanical properties of the drainaged segment lining structure.
This paper is based on National Natural Science Foundation of China project—Research on the Load and Mechanics Characteristics of Drainaged Segment Lining with High Water Pressure Railway Tunnel, and the object project is based on Daiyunshan high water pressure railway tunnel on XiangPu railway. The author uses the finite difference method simulation analysis and similar model test as research means, then studies systematically on the load and mechanics characteristics of drainaged segment lining with high water pressure railway tunnel. The main works and results are as follows:
(1) Basis on analysis of the three means about dealing with water pressure, just as: grouting the whole block method; completely drainage method; plugging limit drainage, the author gets to research the activity mechanism of drainaged segment lining in high water pressure mountain railway tunnel. Combining the features of high water pressure mountain railway tunnel, the author carries out the comparative study of the specific response means.
(2) Basis on analysis of the fluid-mechanical interaction theories of seepage field and stress field interaction at home and abroad, and combining the calculation theories of the finite difference method, the author presents the calculation analysis model and suitable border conditions of fluid-mechanical interaction to adapt the features of high water pressure mountain railway.
(3)The author uses FDM to calculate fluid-mechanical interaction about high water pressure drainaged segment lining. In order to make sure the relationship between rational drainage amount of segment lining and water pressure distribution shape behind the lining wall and the rule of internal force changement about drainaged segment lining, the author carries out the numerical simulation analysis on different structure types of lining drainage hole, different water pressure and different grouting washer and so on.
(4) Taking geometric similarity ratio 1:20 and bulk density similarity ratio 1:1 as basic similarity ratio, the author carries out the drainaged segment lining indoor model test in order to check the security of structure. Then the author studies on the effect rule of structure internal force with different structure types of lining drainage hole or different water pressure, and carries out the comparative analysis of the results between the numerical simulation and model test.
本文依托国家自然科学基金“高水压铁路隧道泄水式管片衬砌荷载及力学特性研究”课题,以向莆铁路戴云山高水压铁路隧道为对象工程,采用有限差分法流固耦合仿真分析和室内相似模型试验为研究手段,对高水压铁路隧道泄水式管片衬砌的荷载特性及其力学特性进行了系统研究,主要工作和成果如下：
(1)在分析注浆全封堵方式、单纯泄水方式、堵水限排方式三种水压处理方式的基础上,研究了高水压铁路隧道泄水式管片衬砌的作用机理,并结合高水压铁路隧道的特点对具体的应对方案进行了对比。
(2)在分析国内外渗流场与应力场相互作用的流固耦合理论基础上,结合有限差分法计算原理,提出了适应高水压山岭隧道特点的流固耦合力学分析模型及其合理边界条件。
(3)运用有限差分法对高水压泄水式管片衬砌渗流场与应力场进行流固耦合分析,在不同泄水孔形式、不同水位高度以及有无注浆圈的情况下,研究泄水式管片衬砌的泄水量与壁后孔隙水压力分布形态的相互关系,以及泄水式管片衬砌的内力变化规律。
(4)采用1：20的几何相似比和1：1的容重相似比,开展了泄水式管片衬砌的相似模型试验,以校核结构的安全性。研究泄水式管片衬砌泄水孔存在形态及水压变化对结构内力的影响规律,并对数值模拟和模型试验结果进行了对比分析。
At present, China has become the country with the largest number, the largest scope, the most complicated technical difficulty and the fastest-growing railway tunnel projects in the world. Because of the development of tunnel projects to mountainous terrain, the deeply, long and high wate pressure tunnels grow more and more. Mountain tunnel construction with high water pressure will apply the tunnel boring machine method (TBM) more and more. When the project schedule requires tightly and the support demands to be constructed very timely, we need to use a lot of fabricated segment lining. And we must apply the concept of the drainaged segment lining to respond the high wate pressure. But now, there is still a lack of relevant theoretical and technical support which is about load characteristics and mechanical properties of the drainaged segment lining structure.
This paper is based on National Natural Science Foundation of China project—Research on the Load and Mechanics Characteristics of Drainaged Segment Lining with High Water Pressure Railway Tunnel, and the object project is based on Daiyunshan high water pressure railway tunnel on XiangPu railway. The author uses the finite difference method simulation analysis and similar model test as research means, then studies systematically on the load and mechanics characteristics of drainaged segment lining with high water pressure railway tunnel. The main works and results are as follows:
(1) Basis on analysis of the three means about dealing with water pressure, just as: grouting the whole block method; completely drainage method; plugging limit drainage, the author gets to research the activity mechanism of drainaged segment lining in high water pressure mountain railway tunnel. Combining the features of high water pressure mountain railway tunnel, the author carries out the comparative study of the specific response means.
(2) Basis on analysis of the fluid-mechanical interaction theories of seepage field and stress field interaction at home and abroad, and combining the calculation theories of the finite difference method, the author presents the calculation analysis model and suitable border conditions of fluid-mechanical interaction to adapt the features of high water pressure mountain railway.
(3)The author uses FDM to calculate fluid-mechanical interaction about high water pressure drainaged segment lining. In order to make sure the relationship between rational drainage amount of segment lining and water pressure distribution shape behind the lining wall and the rule of internal force changement about drainaged segment lining, the author carries out the numerical simulation analysis on different structure types of lining drainage hole, different water pressure and different grouting washer and so on.
(4) Taking geometric similarity ratio 1:20 and bulk density similarity ratio 1:1 as basic similarity ratio, the author carries out the drainaged segment lining indoor model test in order to check the security of structure. Then the author studies on the effect rule of structure internal force with different structure types of lining drainage hole or different water pressure, and carries out the comparative analysis of the results between the numerical simulation and model test.
引文
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[4]王建秀,杨立中,何静.深埋隧道外水压力计算的解析一数值方法[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,(3)：17～19
[5]陈崇希,刘文波,彭涛.确定隧道外水压力的地下水流模型—读《深埋隧道外水压力计算的解析数值法》一文随笔[J].水文地质工程地质,2002,29(5)：62～64
[6]王建秀.深埋隧道外水压力计算中几个问题的探讨[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(1)：95～297
[7]彭涛.对深埋隧道外水压力问题的几点讨论[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(2)：107～108
[8]王建宇,胡元芳.对岩石隧道衬砌结构防水问题的讨论[J].现代隧道技术,2001,(1)：20～25
[9]王建宇.再谈隧道衬砌水压力[J].现代隧道技术,2003,(3)
[10]王建宇.对隧道衬砌水压力荷载的讨论[J].现代隧道技术,2006年增刊：67～73
[11]张有天,张武功,王镭.再论隧洞水荷载静力计算[J].水利学报,1985(3)
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