堆积体地层隧道施工渗流—应力耦合研究
摘要
隧道工程中的地下水问题是富水地层中存在的重要问题,地下水的流动对隧道围岩和仰坡稳定性有重要影响。隧道在开挖时,地下水位会发生变化,从而影响应力场的变化,而应力场的变化又会影响渗流场的变化,往往会造成结构的受力变化,进而引起变形,因此在计算中需要考虑地下水位的影响。在隧道裂隙岩体中所存在的渗流场和应力场之间是会相互影响的,称为耦合作用。本文结合走马岭隧道进口段堆积体地层展开了以下几方面的研究工作:
①阐述了有限单元法分析地下工程渗流应力耦合的基本原理,运用MIDAS/GTS软件进行渗流—应力耦合模拟,分析了渗流对围岩位移、应力、锚杆轴力、喷射混凝土应力隧道围岩塑性区的影响。结果表明:在渗流–应力耦合作用下,围岩、锚杆、喷射混泥土的应力均有所增大,应力扰动范围也相应的增大,不利于洞室的稳定。
②研究了注浆层厚度对施工涌水以及对围岩和衬砌结构的影响。通过有限元模拟发现注浆层厚度对涌水量影响小,注浆圈渗透系数对涌水影响很大,控制注浆圈渗透系数在1.0E-9m/s以下可以有效的满足隧道施工和运营。同时,注浆很好的改善了围岩和结构的受力条件。
③渗流对堆积体地层隧道仰坡稳定性有很大的影响,雨水入渗使土体饱和度增加,基质吸力减小,从而引起土体的抗剪强度减小。所以当持续降雨的历时和强度超过某种限度时,雨水入渗达到一定的深度,再加上施工因素,则可导致仰坡失稳。
The groundwater problem in tunnel engineering is issue which affects stability of tunnel and slope. Tunnel excavation,the groundwater level will change, affecting the stress field change, and changes in stress field changes will affect the flow field, often leads to changes in the structure of the force, thereby causing distortion, so the calculation needs consider the impact of groundwater level. In the fractured rock in the tunnel exists between seepage and stress fields will influence each other, known as coupling. This statement and a sloping soil slope tunnel started in the following aspects of work:
①Finite element analysis described underground engineering and the basic principle of coupled seepage and stress, the use of MIDAS/GTS software indirect flow - stress coupling simulation and analysis of seepage on the surrounding rock displacement, stress, bolt axial force and shotcrete tunnel plastic stress Zone. The results showed that: in the flow - stress coupling, the surrounding rock, bolt, spray for mixed stress had increased, the stress range corresponding increase disturbance is not conducive to the stability of caverns.
②Thickness of the grouting of the lining of the construction of water gushing and structure. Grouting through the finite element simulation found that the thickness effect on the discharge of small, slip ring great influence on permeability coefficient, permeability coefficient control grouting circle m/s can effectively meet the following construction and operation of the tunnel. At the same time, improve the well grouting surrounding rock and the structure of the force.
③Seepage slope stability on the accumulation of body formation, infiltration of rain water to soil saturation increases, causing suction reduced the shear strength of soil decreases, so when the duration and intensity of ongoing rainfall over a certain time limit , infiltration of rain water to reach a certain depth, together with the construction factors, can lead to slope failure.
①阐述了有限单元法分析地下工程渗流应力耦合的基本原理,运用MIDAS/GTS软件进行渗流—应力耦合模拟,分析了渗流对围岩位移、应力、锚杆轴力、喷射混凝土应力隧道围岩塑性区的影响。结果表明:在渗流–应力耦合作用下,围岩、锚杆、喷射混泥土的应力均有所增大,应力扰动范围也相应的增大,不利于洞室的稳定。
②研究了注浆层厚度对施工涌水以及对围岩和衬砌结构的影响。通过有限元模拟发现注浆层厚度对涌水量影响小,注浆圈渗透系数对涌水影响很大,控制注浆圈渗透系数在1.0E-9m/s以下可以有效的满足隧道施工和运营。同时,注浆很好的改善了围岩和结构的受力条件。
③渗流对堆积体地层隧道仰坡稳定性有很大的影响,雨水入渗使土体饱和度增加,基质吸力减小,从而引起土体的抗剪强度减小。所以当持续降雨的历时和强度超过某种限度时,雨水入渗达到一定的深度,再加上施工因素,则可导致仰坡失稳。
The groundwater problem in tunnel engineering is issue which affects stability of tunnel and slope. Tunnel excavation,the groundwater level will change, affecting the stress field change, and changes in stress field changes will affect the flow field, often leads to changes in the structure of the force, thereby causing distortion, so the calculation needs consider the impact of groundwater level. In the fractured rock in the tunnel exists between seepage and stress fields will influence each other, known as coupling. This statement and a sloping soil slope tunnel started in the following aspects of work:
①Finite element analysis described underground engineering and the basic principle of coupled seepage and stress, the use of MIDAS/GTS software indirect flow - stress coupling simulation and analysis of seepage on the surrounding rock displacement, stress, bolt axial force and shotcrete tunnel plastic stress Zone. The results showed that: in the flow - stress coupling, the surrounding rock, bolt, spray for mixed stress had increased, the stress range corresponding increase disturbance is not conducive to the stability of caverns.
②Thickness of the grouting of the lining of the construction of water gushing and structure. Grouting through the finite element simulation found that the thickness effect on the discharge of small, slip ring great influence on permeability coefficient, permeability coefficient control grouting circle m/s can effectively meet the following construction and operation of the tunnel. At the same time, improve the well grouting surrounding rock and the structure of the force.
③Seepage slope stability on the accumulation of body formation, infiltration of rain water to soil saturation increases, causing suction reduced the shear strength of soil decreases, so when the duration and intensity of ongoing rainfall over a certain time limit , infiltration of rain water to reach a certain depth, together with the construction factors, can lead to slope failure.
引文
[1]重庆交通科学研究院.公路隧道设计规范(JTGD70-2004)[S].北京:人民交通出版社, 2004.
[2]徐曾和.渗流的流固耦合问题及应用渗流的流固耦合问题及应用[D].沈阳:东北大学, 1998.
[3]黄涛.渗流场与应力场耦合环境下裂隙围岩型隧道涌水量预测的研究[D].成都:西南交通大学, 1997.
[4] BearJ.Dynamics of fluids in porous media, American Elsewie PublishingCompany, New York, 1972.
[5]王刚.裂隙岩体海底隧道最小岩石覆盖厚度研究[D].山东:山东科技大学, 2005.
[6] Tsaparas I, Rahardjo H.Ctrolling parameters for rainfall-induced land slides [J].computers and Geotechnics, 2002, 29(4):34-39.
[7] Bear J. , Dynamics of fluids in porous media, American Elsevier Publishing Company, New York, 1972.
[8]田开铭.对裂隙岩体渗透性的初步探讨[J].地质研究, 1982(2).
[9]杨立中.非均质各向异性裂隙含水介质研究方法的探讨[J].水文地质工程地质, 1986 (4).
[10]件彦卿.岩体水力学基础(一)[J].水文地质工程地质, 1996(6), 24-27.
[11]件彦卿.岩体水力学基础(二)[J].水文地质工程地质, 1997(1), 24-28.
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[13]件彦卿.岩体水力学基础(四)[J].水文地质工程地质, 1997(3), 10-14.
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[15]徐则民,杨立中.深理隧道围岩渗透性的预测研究一现状与进展[J].工程程学报, 1999(3), 52-55.
[16]贺少辉.裂隙渗流对岩体工程稳定性影响的理论及工程应用研究[D].北京:北京科技大学, 1995.
[17]黄涛.渗流场与应力场祸合环境下裂隙围岩型隧道涌水量预测的研究[D].成都:西南交通大学, 1997.
[18] Oda M. An equivalent continuum model for coupled stress and fluid flow analysis in jointed rocked[J]. Water Resources Research, 1986, 22(13):45-56.
[19] Jony Rutqvist, Ove Stephansson. The role of hydromechanical coupling in fractured rock engineering[J]. Hydromechanical Journal, 2003, 11(1):7-40.
[20]何开胜.结构性粘土的微观变形机理和弹粘塑损伤模型研究[D].南京:南京水利科学研究院博十论文, 2001. [21〕张雄,陆万民.块体一夹层模型的弹塑性分析和接触分析方法[J].岩土工程学报, 199820(3):1-5.
[22]焦玉勇.二维离散元法及其应用[[D].武汉:中科院博十论文, 1998.
[23] Noorishad J, Ayatollahi M S, Witherspoon P A. Afinite element method for coupled stress and fluid flow analysis in fractured rock masses[J]. Intenational Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 1982, 19(1):185-193.
[24]唐辉明,晏鄂川,胡新丽.程地质数值模拟的理论与方法[M].武汉:中国地质人学出版社, 2001.
[25] Kontoleon M J, Baniotopoulos C C. Computational aspects on the frictional unilateral contact problem arising on steel base plate connections[J]. Computes and Structures, 2000, 78:303-309.
[26] Arild Palmstrom. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology Vol. 9NO. 2 Apr 1994.
[27] Long J C S, Remer J S, Wnson C R, et al. Porous media equivalents for networks of discontinous fracctures[J]. Water Resources, 1982, 18(3):645-648.
[28]王秀英.岩溶隧道堵水限排衬砌外水压力及结构设计研究[D].北京:北京交通大学, 2005.
[29]皇甫明.暗挖海底隧道围岩稳定性及支护结构受力特征的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学, 2005.
[30] Jincai Zhang, Mao Bai, Roegiers J C. Dual-porosity poroelastic analyses of wellbore stability[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2003(40):473-483.
[31] Zienkiewicz O C, Pande G N. Finite Elements in Geomechanics[M]. New York:M cGraw-Hill, 1977, 177-190.
[32]王建宇.再谈隧道衬砌水压力[J].现代隧道技术, 2003(3), 5-9.
[33]陆文超.地面荷载作用下浅埋隧道围岩应力的复变函数解法[J].江南大学学报, 2002 (4), 409-413.
[34]王君连.工程地下水计算[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2004.
[35] ITASCA Consulting Gruop[M].Inc.FLACBasics.1999.
[36] ITASCA Consulting Gruop[M].Inc.USER’SGUIDE.1999.
[37] ITASCA Consulting Gruop[M].Inc.THEORY AND BACKGROUND.1999.
[38]张有天等.再论隧洞水荷载的静力计算[J].水利学报, 1985 ( 3 ) , 21 }31.
[39] Zhang Youtian, External water pressure on lining of tunnels in mountain area[J]. Modern Tunnelling Science and Technology, 2001, 551-556.
[40]任青文,张宏朝.关于芬纳公式的修正[J].河海大学学报, 2001(6), 109-111.
[41]荣传新,程桦.地下水渗流对巷道围岩稳定性影响的理论解[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2004(5), 741-744.
[42]李宗利,任青文,王亚红.考虑渗流场影响深埋圆形隧洞的弹塑性解[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2004(8), 1291 -1295.
[43]黄涛,杨立中.山区隧道涌水量计算中的双场耦合作用能干研究[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社, 1984.
[44]毛旭熙.渗流计算分析与控制[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2003. 12-25.
[2]徐曾和.渗流的流固耦合问题及应用渗流的流固耦合问题及应用[D].沈阳:东北大学, 1998.
[3]黄涛.渗流场与应力场耦合环境下裂隙围岩型隧道涌水量预测的研究[D].成都:西南交通大学, 1997.
[4] BearJ.Dynamics of fluids in porous media, American Elsewie PublishingCompany, New York, 1972.
[5]王刚.裂隙岩体海底隧道最小岩石覆盖厚度研究[D].山东:山东科技大学, 2005.
[6] Tsaparas I, Rahardjo H.Ctrolling parameters for rainfall-induced land slides [J].computers and Geotechnics, 2002, 29(4):34-39.
[7] Bear J. , Dynamics of fluids in porous media, American Elsevier Publishing Company, New York, 1972.
[8]田开铭.对裂隙岩体渗透性的初步探讨[J].地质研究, 1982(2).
[9]杨立中.非均质各向异性裂隙含水介质研究方法的探讨[J].水文地质工程地质, 1986 (4).
[10]件彦卿.岩体水力学基础(一)[J].水文地质工程地质, 1996(6), 24-27.
[11]件彦卿.岩体水力学基础(二)[J].水文地质工程地质, 1997(1), 24-28.
[12]件彦卿,岩体水力学基础(三)[J].水文地质工程地质, 1997(2), 54-57.
[13]件彦卿.岩体水力学基础(四)[J].水文地质工程地质, 1997(3), 10-14.
[14]件彦卿.岩体水力学基础(五)[J].水文地质工程地质, 1997(5), 41-45.
[15]徐则民,杨立中.深理隧道围岩渗透性的预测研究一现状与进展[J].工程程学报, 1999(3), 52-55.
[16]贺少辉.裂隙渗流对岩体工程稳定性影响的理论及工程应用研究[D].北京:北京科技大学, 1995.
[17]黄涛.渗流场与应力场祸合环境下裂隙围岩型隧道涌水量预测的研究[D].成都:西南交通大学, 1997.
[18] Oda M. An equivalent continuum model for coupled stress and fluid flow analysis in jointed rocked[J]. Water Resources Research, 1986, 22(13):45-56.
[19] Jony Rutqvist, Ove Stephansson. The role of hydromechanical coupling in fractured rock engineering[J]. Hydromechanical Journal, 2003, 11(1):7-40.
[20]何开胜.结构性粘土的微观变形机理和弹粘塑损伤模型研究[D].南京:南京水利科学研究院博十论文, 2001. [21〕张雄,陆万民.块体一夹层模型的弹塑性分析和接触分析方法[J].岩土工程学报, 199820(3):1-5.
[22]焦玉勇.二维离散元法及其应用[[D].武汉:中科院博十论文, 1998.
[23] Noorishad J, Ayatollahi M S, Witherspoon P A. Afinite element method for coupled stress and fluid flow analysis in fractured rock masses[J]. Intenational Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 1982, 19(1):185-193.
[24]唐辉明,晏鄂川,胡新丽.程地质数值模拟的理论与方法[M].武汉:中国地质人学出版社, 2001.
[25] Kontoleon M J, Baniotopoulos C C. Computational aspects on the frictional unilateral contact problem arising on steel base plate connections[J]. Computes and Structures, 2000, 78:303-309.
[26] Arild Palmstrom. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology Vol. 9NO. 2 Apr 1994.
[27] Long J C S, Remer J S, Wnson C R, et al. Porous media equivalents for networks of discontinous fracctures[J]. Water Resources, 1982, 18(3):645-648.
[28]王秀英.岩溶隧道堵水限排衬砌外水压力及结构设计研究[D].北京:北京交通大学, 2005.
[29]皇甫明.暗挖海底隧道围岩稳定性及支护结构受力特征的研究[D].北京:北京交通大学, 2005.
[30] Jincai Zhang, Mao Bai, Roegiers J C. Dual-porosity poroelastic analyses of wellbore stability[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2003(40):473-483.
[31] Zienkiewicz O C, Pande G N. Finite Elements in Geomechanics[M]. New York:M cGraw-Hill, 1977, 177-190.
[32]王建宇.再谈隧道衬砌水压力[J].现代隧道技术, 2003(3), 5-9.
[33]陆文超.地面荷载作用下浅埋隧道围岩应力的复变函数解法[J].江南大学学报, 2002 (4), 409-413.
[34]王君连.工程地下水计算[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2004.
[35] ITASCA Consulting Gruop[M].Inc.FLACBasics.1999.
[36] ITASCA Consulting Gruop[M].Inc.USER’SGUIDE.1999.
[37] ITASCA Consulting Gruop[M].Inc.THEORY AND BACKGROUND.1999.
[38]张有天等.再论隧洞水荷载的静力计算[J].水利学报, 1985 ( 3 ) , 21 }31.
[39] Zhang Youtian, External water pressure on lining of tunnels in mountain area[J]. Modern Tunnelling Science and Technology, 2001, 551-556.
[40]任青文,张宏朝.关于芬纳公式的修正[J].河海大学学报, 2001(6), 109-111.
[41]荣传新,程桦.地下水渗流对巷道围岩稳定性影响的理论解[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2004(5), 741-744.
[42]李宗利,任青文,王亚红.考虑渗流场影响深埋圆形隧洞的弹塑性解[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 2004(8), 1291 -1295.
[43]黄涛,杨立中.山区隧道涌水量计算中的双场耦合作用能干研究[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社, 1984.
[44]毛旭熙.渗流计算分析与控制[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 2003. 12-25.