高温高压下辉长岩弹性波速及其衰减
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摘要
本文报道了100～300℃,0.5～4.0 GPa下辉长岩纵波速度(VP)和横波速度(VS)值,并且根据品质因子(QP、QS)变化讨论了实验条件下辉长岩的物性特征及其地震地质意义。实验结果表明,在0.5～4.0 GPa,固定温度下辉长岩VP、VS、QP、QS随压力增大递增,但是它们在0.5～2.3 GPa范围内随压力的变化率比2.3～4.0 GPa范围内的大。固定压力下,温度从100℃增至300℃时,辉长岩VP、VS、QP、QS呈线性下降趋势。300℃恒温下,当压力由0.5 GPa升至2.3 GPa,VP、VS、QP、QS分别增大5.9%、2.7%、353.8%和403.4%,当压力由2.3 GPa升至4.0 GPa,VP、VS、QP、QS分别增大1.4%、0.5%、47.5%和40.4%。在0.5～2.3 GPa,辉长岩波速与Q值增大的主要原因是辉长岩样品随压力增加被压缩,样品连续性变好,弹性加强,弹性波衰减变小,波速与Q值升高。在2.3～4.0 GPa,样品被压密,样品接近连续弹性介质,弹性波衰减很小,波速与Q值变化速率变小。在100～300℃,辉长岩样品内部以膨胀为主,样品密度变小,弹性波速与Q值呈线性下降趋势。实验结果表明在岩石圈内构造应力局部集中会导致岩石Q值的增大,或岩石破裂、热物质局部聚集会导致岩石Q值的降低,这可以解释地震前后观测到的震源区Q值的类似变化。
The variations of the elastic properties of gabbro at 100~300℃and 0.5~4.0 GPa and the seismogeological application of the experimental results are discussed based on the measured wave velocities (VP, VS) and quality factor values (QP, QS) of the gabbro. The values of VP, VS, QP and QS increase with pressure from 0.5 GPa to 4.0 GPa at the given temperatures, but decrease in small extent from 100℃to 300℃at the given pressures. Increasing pressure from 0.5 GPa to 2.3 GPa at 300℃, the values of VP, VS, QP and QS increase by 5.9%, 2.7%, 353.8% and 403.4%, respectively; and from 2.3 GPa to 4.0 GPa, by 1.4%, 0.5%, 47.5% and 40.4%, respectively. The variations of velocities and quality factor values may be mainly attributed to the compression of the gabbro sample, and its continuity and elasticity become better at 0.5~2.3 GPa. The gabbro sample almost becomes continuous and elastic medium at 2.3~4.0 GPa, resulting in smaller change of elastic wave velocities and attenuation. The wave velocities and quality factor decrease with increasing temperature because of thermal expansion and density decreasing of gabbro. The experiment results can be used to explain the geophysical observed phenomena that quality factor values are enhanced by stress aggregation in the lithosphere, and the quality factor values may be reduced by rock fracturation and local enrichment of hot fluids in the epicentral areas before and after earthquake occurrences.
The variations of the elastic properties of gabbro at 100~300℃and 0.5~4.0 GPa and the seismogeological application of the experimental results are discussed based on the measured wave velocities (VP, VS) and quality factor values (QP, QS) of the gabbro. The values of VP, VS, QP and QS increase with pressure from 0.5 GPa to 4.0 GPa at the given temperatures, but decrease in small extent from 100℃to 300℃at the given pressures. Increasing pressure from 0.5 GPa to 2.3 GPa at 300℃, the values of VP, VS, QP and QS increase by 5.9%, 2.7%, 353.8% and 403.4%, respectively; and from 2.3 GPa to 4.0 GPa, by 1.4%, 0.5%, 47.5% and 40.4%, respectively. The variations of velocities and quality factor values may be mainly attributed to the compression of the gabbro sample, and its continuity and elasticity become better at 0.5~2.3 GPa. The gabbro sample almost becomes continuous and elastic medium at 2.3~4.0 GPa, resulting in smaller change of elastic wave velocities and attenuation. The wave velocities and quality factor decrease with increasing temperature because of thermal expansion and density decreasing of gabbro. The experiment results can be used to explain the geophysical observed phenomena that quality factor values are enhanced by stress aggregation in the lithosphere, and the quality factor values may be reduced by rock fracturation and local enrichment of hot fluids in the epicentral areas before and after earthquake occurrences.
引文
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