辽河外围盆地低信噪比地区激发技术研究
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摘要
辽河探区经过近四十年的勘探历程,当前已经全面进入精细地震勘探阶段,勘探对象和目标向细小地质体、复杂岩性、隐蔽性油气藏和深层地层方向转移,对地震资料的品质要求更高。在地震采集过程中必须满足采集资料的高信噪比、高分辨率和高保真度要求。由于辽河外围盆地地震资料品质普遍较差,三维资料信噪比也较低,而激发效果的好坏直接影响着采集资料的信噪比等各项指标.本文通过对辽河外围盆地交力格、龙湾筒及奈曼地区以往资料的整理及研究,系统的归纳了辽河外围探区的激发条件,分析激发试验中地震记录的品质,总结出了采集施工中最佳激发因素的确定方法和原则:1激发井深:激发井深的确定应充分考虑激发频率和多次折射的综合影响,在高速层顶界面以下3-7m选择较好的激发岩性中激发,提高单炮资料信噪比;2激发药量:单井药量2-6kg(具体激发因素经现场试验确定);3组合井数:单井药量较小,激发的子波主频高,保证了分辨率的提高。作为野外生产施工中的重要环节,激发效果的好坏直接影响着采集资料的信噪比等各项指标。对于外围低信噪比地区,各自的激发因素存在相应特点。此外,针对近年来外围沙丘区施工情况,指出了沙丘区区激发能量保障的有效方法和实施步骤,对今后沙丘区采集施工有进一步的指导意义。
Exploration course of passing nearly 40 years of visiting area of Liao he, We have already entered meticulous seismic exploration at present, Exploration targets and goal to hide and shift with the deep layer direction to tiny geological body, complex rock, reservoir, so have high quality of the seismic date is important, Wu must meet high SNR, high resolution and hi fi (high fidelity) requirement of gathering materials while the seismic acquisition. Generally , The seismic date is relatively bad in the Liao he peripheral basin, The SNR of the three-dimensional seismic date is lower too, And it influences SNR every index of date collection directly to the quality of the shooting, to studying the old date, for example, Jiao li ge, Lu jia pu, Nai man, Systematic conclude of shooting condition in the Liao he peripheral basin area: 1 well depth, well depth on the comprehensive influence that should fully consider shooting frequency and refracting many times , chooses better shooting when stimulate the rock under one high speed layer (3-7)M, improve the materials SNR of single shot; 2. dynamite weight. Single well dynamite (2-6) kg (stimulate the factor specifically confirmed by the test). 3. combination well. Small dynamite in single well, the wavelet is mainly high frequently, guarantee the improvement of the resolution Analyze that shooting the quality of the recorder in the test, Summarize best definite method and principle which shooting parameter, shooting is very important. in low SNR area, there are corresponding characteristics to shooting factor. on the side, to the situation in the peripheral sand dune area in recent years, pointed out the sand dune shooting effective method and implementation step that ensures enough energy, have further directive significance to seismic record in the sand dune area in the future .
Exploration course of passing nearly 40 years of visiting area of Liao he, We have already entered meticulous seismic exploration at present, Exploration targets and goal to hide and shift with the deep layer direction to tiny geological body, complex rock, reservoir, so have high quality of the seismic date is important, Wu must meet high SNR, high resolution and hi fi (high fidelity) requirement of gathering materials while the seismic acquisition. Generally , The seismic date is relatively bad in the Liao he peripheral basin, The SNR of the three-dimensional seismic date is lower too, And it influences SNR every index of date collection directly to the quality of the shooting, to studying the old date, for example, Jiao li ge, Lu jia pu, Nai man, Systematic conclude of shooting condition in the Liao he peripheral basin area: 1 well depth, well depth on the comprehensive influence that should fully consider shooting frequency and refracting many times , chooses better shooting when stimulate the rock under one high speed layer (3-7)M, improve the materials SNR of single shot; 2. dynamite weight. Single well dynamite (2-6) kg (stimulate the factor specifically confirmed by the test). 3. combination well. Small dynamite in single well, the wavelet is mainly high frequently, guarantee the improvement of the resolution Analyze that shooting the quality of the recorder in the test, Summarize best definite method and principle which shooting parameter, shooting is very important. in low SNR area, there are corresponding characteristics to shooting factor. on the side, to the situation in the peripheral sand dune area in recent years, pointed out the sand dune shooting effective method and implementation step that ensures enough energy, have further directive significance to seismic record in the sand dune area in the future .
引文
[1]李庆忠.地震高分辨率勘探中的误区与对策.石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(6)
[2]张昌义,等编.数字地震仪.北京石油工业出版社,1978
[3]马在田.三维地震勘探技术,北京石油工业出版社,1992
[4]赵殿栋等.高分辨率地震勘探采集技术,石油物探,2001,40(1)
[5]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路,石油工业出版社,1995
[6]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探,石油工业出版社,1994
[7]郭东润.地震资料采集中的若干问题,中石化物探技术座谈会,2002
[8]贺振华.黄德济等.复杂油气藏地震波场特征方法理论及应用,四川科学技术出版社,1999
[9]李正文.高分辨率地震勘探,成都科技大学出版社,1993年
[10]李庆忠.地震高分辨率勘探中的误区与对策,石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(6);751~783
[11]陈道宏等.高分辨率纵波采集方法研究,石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(2);P123~136
[12]熊翥.复杂地区油气地球物理勘探技术-数据采集,石油工业出版社,1999年
[13]熊翥.地震数据处理方法系统思维,石油工业出版社,1993年
[14]牟永光.地震勘探资料数字处理方法,石油工业出版社,1983年
[15]黄德济,贺振华.地震勘探数字处理,地质出版社,1990
[16]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路,石油工业出版社,1994
[17]曹辉.关于地震属性应用的几点认识[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002
[18]张永刚.地震波阻抗反演技术的现状和发展,石油物探,41(4),2002
[19]王才良.当代中国石油.中国社会科学出版社,1988
[20]钱荣钧,王尚旭.石油地球物理勘探技术进展,北京.石油工业出版社,2006,9
[21]徐基祥.沙漠点爆炸震源产生的远场地震子波,石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(3):249~252
[22]凌云.大地吸收衰减分析,石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):1~8
[23]陆基孟.地震勘探原理,北京.石油工业出版社,1993,1
[24]刘艾奇等.激发井深选择的优化技术,石油物探,2004,43(6):605~607
[25]唐东磊等,潜水面以下激发深度的理论分析,石油地球物理勘探.2005,28(2):36~41
[26]钱荣钧.炸药震源激发效果分析.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6)
[27]傅朝奎.关于地震采集中的井深和药量的研究.石油地球物理勘探,1998,6
[28]何京国,胡立新,云美厚,等.镇巴地区地震采集激发技术.天然气工业,2007,S1
[29]阎世信,谢文导.三维地震观测方式应用的几点意见.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(6):787～795
[30]毕建国,王良书,梁绍波.辽河拗陷深层地震采集技术.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):313～318
[31]焦文龙.酒泉盆地南缘窟窿山前陆冲断带地震勘探方法试验研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:西北大学,2006
[32]孔令纲,傅朝奎.大地对地震信号的吸收衰减规律研究.油气田地面工程2005,5
[33]陈树民,宋永忠.松辽盆地地层吸收特性和地震波衰减规律研究.地球物理学进展2001,16(4)
[34]裴江云,陈树民,刘振宽,等.近地表Q值求取及振幅补偿.地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):18～22
[35]刘建华,胥颐,郝天珧.地震波衰减的物理机制研究.地球物理学进展,2004,19(1):1～7
[36]马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演研究综述.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1074～1082
[2]张昌义,等编.数字地震仪.北京石油工业出版社,1978
[3]马在田.三维地震勘探技术,北京石油工业出版社,1992
[4]赵殿栋等.高分辨率地震勘探采集技术,石油物探,2001,40(1)
[5]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路,石油工业出版社,1995
[6]俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探,石油工业出版社,1994
[7]郭东润.地震资料采集中的若干问题,中石化物探技术座谈会,2002
[8]贺振华.黄德济等.复杂油气藏地震波场特征方法理论及应用,四川科学技术出版社,1999
[9]李正文.高分辨率地震勘探,成都科技大学出版社,1993年
[10]李庆忠.地震高分辨率勘探中的误区与对策,石油地球物理勘探,1997,32(6);751~783
[11]陈道宏等.高分辨率纵波采集方法研究,石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(2);P123~136
[12]熊翥.复杂地区油气地球物理勘探技术-数据采集,石油工业出版社,1999年
[13]熊翥.地震数据处理方法系统思维,石油工业出版社,1993年
[14]牟永光.地震勘探资料数字处理方法,石油工业出版社,1983年
[15]黄德济,贺振华.地震勘探数字处理,地质出版社,1990
[16]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路,石油工业出版社,1994
[17]曹辉.关于地震属性应用的几点认识[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002
[18]张永刚.地震波阻抗反演技术的现状和发展,石油物探,41(4),2002
[19]王才良.当代中国石油.中国社会科学出版社,1988
[20]钱荣钧,王尚旭.石油地球物理勘探技术进展,北京.石油工业出版社,2006,9
[21]徐基祥.沙漠点爆炸震源产生的远场地震子波,石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(3):249~252
[22]凌云.大地吸收衰减分析,石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):1~8
[23]陆基孟.地震勘探原理,北京.石油工业出版社,1993,1
[24]刘艾奇等.激发井深选择的优化技术,石油物探,2004,43(6):605~607
[25]唐东磊等,潜水面以下激发深度的理论分析,石油地球物理勘探.2005,28(2):36~41
[26]钱荣钧.炸药震源激发效果分析.石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(6)
[27]傅朝奎.关于地震采集中的井深和药量的研究.石油地球物理勘探,1998,6
[28]何京国,胡立新,云美厚,等.镇巴地区地震采集激发技术.天然气工业,2007,S1
[29]阎世信,谢文导.三维地震观测方式应用的几点意见.石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(6):787～795
[30]毕建国,王良书,梁绍波.辽河拗陷深层地震采集技术.石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(3):313～318
[31]焦文龙.酒泉盆地南缘窟窿山前陆冲断带地震勘探方法试验研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:西北大学,2006
[32]孔令纲,傅朝奎.大地对地震信号的吸收衰减规律研究.油气田地面工程2005,5
[33]陈树民,宋永忠.松辽盆地地层吸收特性和地震波衰减规律研究.地球物理学进展2001,16(4)
[34]裴江云,陈树民,刘振宽,等.近地表Q值求取及振幅补偿.地球物理学进展,2001,16(4):18～22
[35]刘建华,胥颐,郝天珧.地震波衰减的物理机制研究.地球物理学进展,2004,19(1):1～7
[36]马昭军,刘洋.地震波衰减反演研究综述.地球物理学进展,2005,20(4):1074～1082