橡胶颗粒弹性除冰路面关键技术研究
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摘要
冬季路面积雪冰冻经常会引发交通事故，造成重大的人员伤亡和财产损失，各国交通部门为解决这一难题，提出了多种路面除冰雪的方法。橡胶颗粒沥青路面除冰技术是一种绿色环保型的新型除冰技术，该技术的除冰原理是用废旧橡胶颗粒代替沥青混合料中的一部分石料，使路面具有高弹特性，在荷载作用下路面会产生更大变形，使路面冰层发生破坏，从而达到除冰的目的。目前对于橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的研究还处于室内试验和试验路铺筑阶段，还存在很多问题需要解决，如路面的耐久性、混合料的弹性模量和冰层的破坏机理等方面都需要做更深层次的研究，本研究即针对这些关键技术对橡胶颗粒沥青混合料展开全面的分析。
（1）基于离散元法的橡胶颗粒沥青路面细观分析。本研究从细观角度出发，针对连续级配和间断级配两种橡胶颗粒沥青混合料，分别建立了离散元模型，分析在荷载作用下橡胶颗粒沥青混合料和普通沥青混合料内部的受力和变形特点。通过对行车荷载作用下橡胶颗粒分布区域的受力和变形分析，得出了路面承载能力和变形能力之间的关系，以及橡胶颗粒沥青路面容易松散破坏的原因；根据其破坏原因，提出了改善路面耐久性的相应措施。
（2）橡胶颗粒沥青混合料配合比设计及性能研究。因为橡胶颗粒和石料的各项技术指标相差甚远，在橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的配合比设计中，不宜沿用传统的设计方法。本研究提出了针对橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的配合比设计方法，并结合本研究提出的改善耐久性的措施，进行了混合料设计，并对连续级配和间断级配两种不同类型的橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的路用性能进行了分析。
（3）耐久性评价及关键指标研究。根据细观结构分析得出的橡胶颗粒沥青路面松散破坏的原因，对现行规范中与沥青混合料的抗飞散性能和水稳定性能相关的试验方法进行了分析，提出了针对本研究所采用的橡胶颗粒沥青混合料耐久性评价的试验方法，并将其与普通沥青混合料进行对比分析，得出了针对本研究所采用的橡胶颗粒沥青混合料耐久性的评价指标。
（4）基于细观力学模型的橡胶颗粒沥青混合料弹性模量预测研究。从细观力学角度出发，基于多步骤均匀化方法，针对橡胶颗粒沥青混合料提出了一种能够预测具有多种夹杂的复合材料弹性模量的细观力学模型，可用来预测橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的弹性模量；并进行了相关室内试验，将理论值与实测值进行了对比，结果吻合较好；利用该模型还分析了橡胶颗粒沥青混合料各个组成材料的性质对混合料整体弹性模量的影响。
（5）橡胶颗粒弹性除冰路面除冰能力和效果研究。建立路面结构和冰层受力的有限元模型，计算结果显示不能采用强度理论判断冰层的破坏，所以采用断裂力学分析冰层的破坏，并引入应变能密度因子准则作为判断依据，指出混合型断裂破坏是冰层破坏的主要形式。分析了不同环境温度条件下，冰层厚度不同时，混合料的弹性模量与除冰能力之间的关系，并进行室内除冰模拟试验进行了验证。
（6）实体工程。为了验证理论分析和室内试验的研究结果，铺筑了试验路，并对试验路的使用性能进行了观测，结果证明与理论分析和室内试验研究结果一致。
Bad traffic condition because of snow and ice in winter often cause significant casualtiesand property losses, so many methods are put forward by transportation department all overthe world to solve this problem. Granulated crumb rubber asphalt pavement is a new kind ofecological method to anti-ice. Granulated crumb rubber act as aggregates in mixture, whichare crashed from scrap tires. Ice layers are in different conditions on granulated crumb rubberasphalt pavement for elasticity of granulated crumb rubber. Thus it can be eliminated frompavement. Now the technology about this method is imperfect and defective, and there arestill many problems to be solved, such as the durability of the pavement, the elastic modulusof the pavement, and the damage mechanism of the ice etc. This research focuses on the keyproblems to do more in-depth research.
(1) Micromechanical Analysis of Granulated Crumb Rubber Asphalt Mixture Based onthe Discrete Element Method. The models of discrete element method about suspended densestructure granulated crumb rubber asphalt mixture, dense framework structure granulatedcrumb rubber asphalt mixture and common asphalt mixture are established, and thecharacteristics of force and deformation under load about the three kinds of asphalt mixtureare analyzed. Based on the analysis about force and deformation of the area of granulatedcrumb rubber under load, the relationship between carrying capacity and deformation capacityand the damage mechanism of granulated crumb rubber asphalt pavement are provided, andthe corresponding improvement is given.
(2) Study on Design Method and Performance of Granulated Crumb Rubber AsphaltMixture. Because the technical index of granulated crumb rubber is different from that ofaggregate, the common design method of asphalt mixture is not suitable for granulated crumbrubber asphalt mixture. This research puts forward a kind of design method aiming atgranulated crumb rubber asphalt mixture, and combined with proposed improvementmeasures for the durability, the performance of suspended dense structure and denseframework structure granulated crumb rubber asphalt mixture are analyzed.
(3) Study on Evaluation and the Key Index of Durability. This research analyses thestandard test method about water stability of current specification, and combined with thedamage mechanism of granulated crumb rubber asphalt pavement based on the micromechanical analysis, the test method of durability evaluation aiming at granulatedcrumb rubber asphalt mixture is given. Compare the durability performance of granulatedcrumb rubber asphalt mixture with common asphalt mixture, the durability evaluation indexaiming at granulated crumb rubber asphalt mixture is put forward.
(4) Study on the Elastic Modulus Prediction of Granulated Crumb Rubber AsphaltPavement Based on the Micromechanics Model. This research presents a kind ofmicromechanics model which can predict the elastic modulus of granulated crumb rubberasphalt mixture based on the micromechanics method and the multiple steps ofhomogenization method. Experiments are carried out and the results demonstrate that theprediction model is reliable, and the influence of properties of every ingredient on the elasticmodulus of the granulated crumb rubber asphalt is analyzed by the prediction model.
(5) Study on the Anti-ice Mechanism and Effect of Granulated Crumb Rubber AsphaltPavement. The finite element model of pavement structure and ice is established, and thecalculation results show that fracture failure criterion is more suitable for evaluating thecracking of ice. Strain energy density factor criterion is introduced as the criterion basis, andpointed out that the mixed mode fracture failure is the main failure form of ice. Therelationship between elastic modulus of granulated crumb rubber asphalt mixture and theeffect of eliminating ice is analyzed when the temperature and the thickness of ice aredifferent, and the relative experiments are carried out.
(6)Paving Test Road. Test road is paved in order to verify the theoretical analysis andlaboratory test results. The performance of the granulated crumb rubber asphalt pavement isobserved, and the results demonstrate that the theoretical analysis and laboratory test arereliable.
（1）基于离散元法的橡胶颗粒沥青路面细观分析。本研究从细观角度出发，针对连续级配和间断级配两种橡胶颗粒沥青混合料，分别建立了离散元模型，分析在荷载作用下橡胶颗粒沥青混合料和普通沥青混合料内部的受力和变形特点。通过对行车荷载作用下橡胶颗粒分布区域的受力和变形分析，得出了路面承载能力和变形能力之间的关系，以及橡胶颗粒沥青路面容易松散破坏的原因；根据其破坏原因，提出了改善路面耐久性的相应措施。
（2）橡胶颗粒沥青混合料配合比设计及性能研究。因为橡胶颗粒和石料的各项技术指标相差甚远，在橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的配合比设计中，不宜沿用传统的设计方法。本研究提出了针对橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的配合比设计方法，并结合本研究提出的改善耐久性的措施，进行了混合料设计，并对连续级配和间断级配两种不同类型的橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的路用性能进行了分析。
（3）耐久性评价及关键指标研究。根据细观结构分析得出的橡胶颗粒沥青路面松散破坏的原因，对现行规范中与沥青混合料的抗飞散性能和水稳定性能相关的试验方法进行了分析，提出了针对本研究所采用的橡胶颗粒沥青混合料耐久性评价的试验方法，并将其与普通沥青混合料进行对比分析，得出了针对本研究所采用的橡胶颗粒沥青混合料耐久性的评价指标。
（4）基于细观力学模型的橡胶颗粒沥青混合料弹性模量预测研究。从细观力学角度出发，基于多步骤均匀化方法，针对橡胶颗粒沥青混合料提出了一种能够预测具有多种夹杂的复合材料弹性模量的细观力学模型，可用来预测橡胶颗粒沥青混合料的弹性模量；并进行了相关室内试验，将理论值与实测值进行了对比，结果吻合较好；利用该模型还分析了橡胶颗粒沥青混合料各个组成材料的性质对混合料整体弹性模量的影响。
（5）橡胶颗粒弹性除冰路面除冰能力和效果研究。建立路面结构和冰层受力的有限元模型，计算结果显示不能采用强度理论判断冰层的破坏，所以采用断裂力学分析冰层的破坏，并引入应变能密度因子准则作为判断依据，指出混合型断裂破坏是冰层破坏的主要形式。分析了不同环境温度条件下，冰层厚度不同时，混合料的弹性模量与除冰能力之间的关系，并进行室内除冰模拟试验进行了验证。
（6）实体工程。为了验证理论分析和室内试验的研究结果，铺筑了试验路，并对试验路的使用性能进行了观测，结果证明与理论分析和室内试验研究结果一致。
Bad traffic condition because of snow and ice in winter often cause significant casualtiesand property losses, so many methods are put forward by transportation department all overthe world to solve this problem. Granulated crumb rubber asphalt pavement is a new kind ofecological method to anti-ice. Granulated crumb rubber act as aggregates in mixture, whichare crashed from scrap tires. Ice layers are in different conditions on granulated crumb rubberasphalt pavement for elasticity of granulated crumb rubber. Thus it can be eliminated frompavement. Now the technology about this method is imperfect and defective, and there arestill many problems to be solved, such as the durability of the pavement, the elastic modulusof the pavement, and the damage mechanism of the ice etc. This research focuses on the keyproblems to do more in-depth research.
(1) Micromechanical Analysis of Granulated Crumb Rubber Asphalt Mixture Based onthe Discrete Element Method. The models of discrete element method about suspended densestructure granulated crumb rubber asphalt mixture, dense framework structure granulatedcrumb rubber asphalt mixture and common asphalt mixture are established, and thecharacteristics of force and deformation under load about the three kinds of asphalt mixtureare analyzed. Based on the analysis about force and deformation of the area of granulatedcrumb rubber under load, the relationship between carrying capacity and deformation capacityand the damage mechanism of granulated crumb rubber asphalt pavement are provided, andthe corresponding improvement is given.
(2) Study on Design Method and Performance of Granulated Crumb Rubber AsphaltMixture. Because the technical index of granulated crumb rubber is different from that ofaggregate, the common design method of asphalt mixture is not suitable for granulated crumbrubber asphalt mixture. This research puts forward a kind of design method aiming atgranulated crumb rubber asphalt mixture, and combined with proposed improvementmeasures for the durability, the performance of suspended dense structure and denseframework structure granulated crumb rubber asphalt mixture are analyzed.
(3) Study on Evaluation and the Key Index of Durability. This research analyses thestandard test method about water stability of current specification, and combined with thedamage mechanism of granulated crumb rubber asphalt pavement based on the micromechanical analysis, the test method of durability evaluation aiming at granulatedcrumb rubber asphalt mixture is given. Compare the durability performance of granulatedcrumb rubber asphalt mixture with common asphalt mixture, the durability evaluation indexaiming at granulated crumb rubber asphalt mixture is put forward.
(4) Study on the Elastic Modulus Prediction of Granulated Crumb Rubber AsphaltPavement Based on the Micromechanics Model. This research presents a kind ofmicromechanics model which can predict the elastic modulus of granulated crumb rubberasphalt mixture based on the micromechanics method and the multiple steps ofhomogenization method. Experiments are carried out and the results demonstrate that theprediction model is reliable, and the influence of properties of every ingredient on the elasticmodulus of the granulated crumb rubber asphalt is analyzed by the prediction model.
(5) Study on the Anti-ice Mechanism and Effect of Granulated Crumb Rubber AsphaltPavement. The finite element model of pavement structure and ice is established, and thecalculation results show that fracture failure criterion is more suitable for evaluating thecracking of ice. Strain energy density factor criterion is introduced as the criterion basis, andpointed out that the mixed mode fracture failure is the main failure form of ice. Therelationship between elastic modulus of granulated crumb rubber asphalt mixture and theeffect of eliminating ice is analyzed when the temperature and the thickness of ice aredifferent, and the relative experiments are carried out.
(6)Paving Test Road. Test road is paved in order to verify the theoretical analysis andlaboratory test results. The performance of the granulated crumb rubber asphalt pavement isobserved, and the results demonstrate that the theoretical analysis and laboratory test arereliable.
引文
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