基于分形理论的排水沥青混合料最佳沥青用量预估模型研究
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摘要
排水沥青混合料因空隙率大,沥青膜易与外界环境接触,车辆荷载和自然因素对混合料的影响非常明显,因而要求沥青混合料具有更高的品质,其中,最佳沥青用量确定至关重要。目前,国内外排水沥青混合料的最佳沥青用量确定没有一套统一的方法,主观性、随意性很强,不同工程人员确定的沥青用量差异性较大,提供一套合理的、相对可靠的最佳沥青用量的确定方法显得非常重要。
论文采用分形理论,首先,从排水沥青混合料的粒径分布、级配分形、体积分形、表面积分形、空隙率等分形特征入手,建立了矿质混合料比表面积预估模型。再通过室内试验实测矿料的比表面积,对比验证分形理论用于矿料比表面积确定的可靠性。通过排水沥青混合料路用性能试验,分析了沥青用量与沥青混合料的水稳定性、高温稳定性和低温抗裂性的关系,并综合确定了沥青混合料综合性能俱佳的合理沥青膜厚度。接着采用分形理论确定不同石料类型、不同矿料级配的矿质混合料的比表面积,按照推荐的合理沥青膜厚度,确定了排水沥青混合料的最佳沥青用量,并与我国现行规范方法进行比较,结果表明,采用分形理论模型确定的最佳沥青用量实用可靠。
Because of the comparatively large void of drainage asphalt mixture, the asphalt film is prone to contact with environment, and the performance of the mixture is influenced by the factor of load of vehicles and natural environment obviously. Therefore, the drainage asphalt mixtrue needs to have the higher quality, farther more, how to determine the optimum asphalt content is very important. Currently, determine of the optimum asphalt content of drainage asphalt at home and abroad didn't have the uniform method, and the method is subjective and arbitrary. Different engineering staff made the different optimum asphalt content of optimum asphalt mixture. Providing a reasonable and reliable method appear to be very important.
First of all, the thesis just begins to study from the fractal characteristics of drainage asphalt mixture, including the fractal characteristics of distribution of particle size, gradation curve, superficial area, and void fraction, and sets up the estimation model of specific surface of aggregates.Secondly, test the specific surface of the aggtegates through the laboratory experiment, and compare with the fractal theory of specific surface. Through the asphalt mixture performance test, analysis of the relationship between the asphalt content and water stable performance, high temperature stable and low temperature stable performance of draingage asphalt mixture. Basing on the analyses of the overall performance, determine the reasonable film thickness of drainage asphalt mixture. And then, calculate the specific surface of different types of stone and gradation with the fractal theory. According to the recommended film thickness pavement, determine the optimum asphalt content of drainage asphalt mixture, and compared with the method in the current codes and standards. The results show that the fractal model used to determine the optimum asphalt content is practical and reliable.
论文采用分形理论,首先,从排水沥青混合料的粒径分布、级配分形、体积分形、表面积分形、空隙率等分形特征入手,建立了矿质混合料比表面积预估模型。再通过室内试验实测矿料的比表面积,对比验证分形理论用于矿料比表面积确定的可靠性。通过排水沥青混合料路用性能试验,分析了沥青用量与沥青混合料的水稳定性、高温稳定性和低温抗裂性的关系,并综合确定了沥青混合料综合性能俱佳的合理沥青膜厚度。接着采用分形理论确定不同石料类型、不同矿料级配的矿质混合料的比表面积,按照推荐的合理沥青膜厚度,确定了排水沥青混合料的最佳沥青用量,并与我国现行规范方法进行比较,结果表明,采用分形理论模型确定的最佳沥青用量实用可靠。
Because of the comparatively large void of drainage asphalt mixture, the asphalt film is prone to contact with environment, and the performance of the mixture is influenced by the factor of load of vehicles and natural environment obviously. Therefore, the drainage asphalt mixtrue needs to have the higher quality, farther more, how to determine the optimum asphalt content is very important. Currently, determine of the optimum asphalt content of drainage asphalt at home and abroad didn't have the uniform method, and the method is subjective and arbitrary. Different engineering staff made the different optimum asphalt content of optimum asphalt mixture. Providing a reasonable and reliable method appear to be very important.
First of all, the thesis just begins to study from the fractal characteristics of drainage asphalt mixture, including the fractal characteristics of distribution of particle size, gradation curve, superficial area, and void fraction, and sets up the estimation model of specific surface of aggregates.Secondly, test the specific surface of the aggtegates through the laboratory experiment, and compare with the fractal theory of specific surface. Through the asphalt mixture performance test, analysis of the relationship between the asphalt content and water stable performance, high temperature stable and low temperature stable performance of draingage asphalt mixture. Basing on the analyses of the overall performance, determine the reasonable film thickness of drainage asphalt mixture. And then, calculate the specific surface of different types of stone and gradation with the fractal theory. According to the recommended film thickness pavement, determine the optimum asphalt content of drainage asphalt mixture, and compared with the method in the current codes and standards. The results show that the fractal model used to determine the optimum asphalt content is practical and reliable.
引文
[1]陈建旭.排水铺面特性探讨[R],台湾国立成功大学,2005
[2]日本道路协会.排水性铺装技术指针(案)[S].东京,1996
[3]State of Clifornia, Bussiness and Transportation Agency, Departement of Public Works "Material Manual" Volume Ⅱ
[4]Federal Highway Administration. Open-Graded Friction Courses FHWA Mix Design Method. Federal Highway Administration, U.S.Department of Transportation, Washington D.C.,1990
[5]Alvarez A.E., Martin A.E., Estakhri C.K., et al.Synthesis of Current Practice on the Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Porous Friction Courses[M].FHWA, Texas,2006
[6]Kandhal P.S.,Mallick R.B.. Design of New-generation Open-graded Friction Courses[R].Alabama: National Center for Asphalt Technology,1999
[7]The Federal Highway Administration, Quiet Pavement Systems in Europe[R],May 2005
[8]Descornet G.. Optimising the Surface Texture of Cement Concrete Roads. Centre de Recherche's Routieres Belgium,6th Madrid Symposium on Concrete Road, Madrid,1990
[9]Poulikskos,L., Takahashi S..Part1 M.A Comparison of Swiss and Japanese Porous Asphalt through Various Mechanical Tests[C].Conference paper Swiss Transport Research Conference,2004
[10]Australian Asphalt Pavement Association, ARRB Transport Ltd. Selection and Design of Asphalt Mixes:Australian Provisional Guide[R].Vermont South, Australia,2002
[11]Benoit B.,Mandelbrot. Fraetal:From, Chanee and Dimension. SanFraneiseo[J]:Freeman,1977
[12](英)肯尼思.法尔科内(著).曾文曲等译.分形几何：数学基础及其应用[M].沈阳：东北大学出版社,2001
[13]刘代俊.分形理论在化学工程中的应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2006
[14]谢和平,薛秀谦.分形应用中的数学基础与方法[M].北京：科学出版社,1997
[15]龙起易,龙期威,穆在勤.理想的分形模型和实际的嵌套结构[J].物理,1994
[16]褚武扬,宿彦京等.材料科学中的分形[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004
[17]董连科.分形理论及其应用[M].沈阳：辽宁科技出版社,1993
[18]Lan Li, Paul Chan, D.G.Zollinger &R.L.Lytton. Quantitative analysis of aggregate shape based on fractals[J].ACI Mat Jour,1993,90(4):357-365
[19]徐定华,徐敏.混凝土材料学概论[M].中国标准出版社,2002
[20]李国强,邓学钧.级配骨料的分形效应[J].混凝土,1995(1)：3-7
[21]唐明.关于混凝土骨料分形级配问题[J].混凝土,1996(1)：3-12
[22]沈卫国,李强等.沥青混凝土集料级配的分形特征研究[J].混凝土,2003,(5)：11-13
[23]叶叔通.以理想级配曲线估算粒料致密混合比及飞灰水泥浆包裹厚度评估混凝土性质的探讨[D].台北：国立台湾科技大学,2005
[24]陈瑜,吴学毅.多孔水泥混凝土路面的分形特征与构造参数[J],长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版).2007(9)：13-17
[25]Perdomo.Dario, Button.Joe Wj Lytton, Robert L.. New approach for prediction of permanent deformation, ASTM Special Technical Publication,1992:295-309
[26]中华人民共和国交通部,公路沥青路面施工技术规范(JTG F40-2004)[S],2005
[27]邢明亮.透水性沥青混合料组成设计及性能研究[D].西安：长安大学,2007
[28]周学军,谢群峰,赵立梅,傅秋红OGFC混合料的分形研究[J],安徽建筑,2008(5)：161-162
[29]Wilcox R.D., Surface Area Method is a Main Method of Analysis Hole Stability.O G J[M],1990
[30]公路工程水泥与水泥混凝土试验规程(JTG E30-2005)[S]中华人民共和国行业标准,2005
[31]气体吸附BET法测定固态物质比表面积[S].中华人民共和国国家标准(GB/T 19587-2004)
[32]Carter D Letal.EGME For Determing Surface Area of Silicate Minerals[J].Soil Sci,1968
[33]韩秋萍,对多孔物质或固体粉末比表面积测定方法探讨[J].河南冶金,2002(8)：10-20
[34]温石棉比表面积测定方法[S].中华人民共和国国家标准(GBT 6646.4-1986)
[35]戴建军,樊小林,喻建刚.颗粒肥料比表面积快速测定法在控释肥料研制中的应用[J].磷肥与复肥,2006(1)：67-68
[36]金属粉末比表面积的测定(氮吸收法)[S].中华人民共和国国家标(GB_T13390-92)
[37]煤质颗粒活性炭试验方法比表面积的测定[S].中华人民共和国国家标准(B_T7702.21-1997)
[38]比表面论坛：http://www.bibiaomian.com[DB/OL]
[39]郑玉.集料比表面积计算方法探讨[J],公路工程与运输,2008(11)：95-97
[40]K.T.Hall, M.LDarter, S.H.Carpenter, D.A.Steele. Guidelines for Evaluation of Asphalt Overlaid Concrete Pavement[J].Civil Engineering Studies,1995(6):1-9
[41]沈金安.沥青及沥青混合料路用性能[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001(5)：23-78
[42]ACI Committee 209. Prediction of creep, shrinkage and temperature effects in concrete structures[G]. In SP-27:Design for effects of creep,shrinkage,in concrete temperature structures. Detroit:ACI.1971: 51-93
[43]郝培文,张登良.沥青混合料低温抗裂性能评价指标的研究[J],公路,2000(5)：25-28
[44]张登良.沥青与沥青混合料[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1993
[451袁媛.大孔隙排水沥青混合料组成设计及性能研究[D],西安：长安大学,2005
[46]朱柏彦.骨材级配对排水沥青混凝土成效之影响[D],台北：国立成功大学,2004
[47]马士杰.大粒径沥青混合料设计方法与性能初步研究[D],西安：长安大学,2005
[48]于辉.沥青膜厚度对沥青混合料性能影响的研究[D],吉林大学,2007
[49]齐琳.采用间接拉伸试验评价沥青混合料低温性能研究[D],西安：长安大学,2006
[50]KokkalisA. G, Alexandros G, Panagouli, Olympia K. Fractal Evaluation of Pavement Skid Resistance Variations. I:Surface Wetting[J].Chaos,Solitons and Fmctals,1998, V 9(11):1875-1890
[51]曾文曲等.分形理论与分形的计算机模拟[M].东北大学出版社,1993
[52]沙震,阮火军.分形与拟合[M].浙江大学出版社,2009
[53]余继峰,李增学,韩美莲Fractal and its Application to Sedimentology[J].Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China),2002(02)
[54]分形频道http://www.fractal.cn/[DB/OL]
[55]Carpinteri A.. Fractal Nature of Material Microstructure and Size Effects on Apparent Mechanical Properties[J].Mechanics of Materials.1994,(18):89-101.
[56]Mohan Yeggoni, Joe W.Button, Dan GZollinger. Fractals of Aggregates Correlated with Creep in Asphalt Concrete[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering.1996v122(1):112-150
[57]沈卫国,李强等.沥青混凝土集料级配的分形特征研究[J].国外建材科技,2003(5)：11-13
[58]张嘉琳.多孔排水沥青混合料空隙精细描述与分布特性研究[D],西安：长安大学,2008
[59]Masad.E, Button.J.W, Papagiannakis.T. Fine-aggregate Angularity:Automated Image Analysis Approach[J].Transportation Research Record.2000, v23(1721):66-72
[60]赵战利.基于分形方法的沥青路面抗滑技术研究[D].西安：长安大学,2005
[61]常明丰.多孔沥青路面微观力学特性与空隙衰变行为研究[D].西安：长安大学,2009
[62]中华人民共和国交通部.公路工程集料实验规程(JTJ058-2000)[S],2000
[63]仪器信息网:http://www.instrument.com.cn/[DB/OL]固体比表面积的测定(溶液吸附法)
[64]Itying Langmuir. the Molecular Interaction between the Solid and the Liquid[J],1916
[65]中华人民共和国交通部.公路工程沥青与沥青混合料试验规程(JTJ052-2000)[S],2000
[2]日本道路协会.排水性铺装技术指针(案)[S].东京,1996
[3]State of Clifornia, Bussiness and Transportation Agency, Departement of Public Works "Material Manual" Volume Ⅱ
[4]Federal Highway Administration. Open-Graded Friction Courses FHWA Mix Design Method. Federal Highway Administration, U.S.Department of Transportation, Washington D.C.,1990
[5]Alvarez A.E., Martin A.E., Estakhri C.K., et al.Synthesis of Current Practice on the Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Porous Friction Courses[M].FHWA, Texas,2006
[6]Kandhal P.S.,Mallick R.B.. Design of New-generation Open-graded Friction Courses[R].Alabama: National Center for Asphalt Technology,1999
[7]The Federal Highway Administration, Quiet Pavement Systems in Europe[R],May 2005
[8]Descornet G.. Optimising the Surface Texture of Cement Concrete Roads. Centre de Recherche's Routieres Belgium,6th Madrid Symposium on Concrete Road, Madrid,1990
[9]Poulikskos,L., Takahashi S..Part1 M.A Comparison of Swiss and Japanese Porous Asphalt through Various Mechanical Tests[C].Conference paper Swiss Transport Research Conference,2004
[10]Australian Asphalt Pavement Association, ARRB Transport Ltd. Selection and Design of Asphalt Mixes:Australian Provisional Guide[R].Vermont South, Australia,2002
[11]Benoit B.,Mandelbrot. Fraetal:From, Chanee and Dimension. SanFraneiseo[J]:Freeman,1977
[12](英)肯尼思.法尔科内(著).曾文曲等译.分形几何：数学基础及其应用[M].沈阳：东北大学出版社,2001
[13]刘代俊.分形理论在化学工程中的应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2006
[14]谢和平,薛秀谦.分形应用中的数学基础与方法[M].北京：科学出版社,1997
[15]龙起易,龙期威,穆在勤.理想的分形模型和实际的嵌套结构[J].物理,1994
[16]褚武扬,宿彦京等.材料科学中的分形[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2004
[17]董连科.分形理论及其应用[M].沈阳：辽宁科技出版社,1993
[18]Lan Li, Paul Chan, D.G.Zollinger &R.L.Lytton. Quantitative analysis of aggregate shape based on fractals[J].ACI Mat Jour,1993,90(4):357-365
[19]徐定华,徐敏.混凝土材料学概论[M].中国标准出版社,2002
[20]李国强,邓学钧.级配骨料的分形效应[J].混凝土,1995(1)：3-7
[21]唐明.关于混凝土骨料分形级配问题[J].混凝土,1996(1)：3-12
[22]沈卫国,李强等.沥青混凝土集料级配的分形特征研究[J].混凝土,2003,(5)：11-13
[23]叶叔通.以理想级配曲线估算粒料致密混合比及飞灰水泥浆包裹厚度评估混凝土性质的探讨[D].台北：国立台湾科技大学,2005
[24]陈瑜,吴学毅.多孔水泥混凝土路面的分形特征与构造参数[J],长沙理工大学学报(自然科学版).2007(9)：13-17
[25]Perdomo.Dario, Button.Joe Wj Lytton, Robert L.. New approach for prediction of permanent deformation, ASTM Special Technical Publication,1992:295-309
[26]中华人民共和国交通部,公路沥青路面施工技术规范(JTG F40-2004)[S],2005
[27]邢明亮.透水性沥青混合料组成设计及性能研究[D].西安：长安大学,2007
[28]周学军,谢群峰,赵立梅,傅秋红OGFC混合料的分形研究[J],安徽建筑,2008(5)：161-162
[29]Wilcox R.D., Surface Area Method is a Main Method of Analysis Hole Stability.O G J[M],1990
[30]公路工程水泥与水泥混凝土试验规程(JTG E30-2005)[S]中华人民共和国行业标准,2005
[31]气体吸附BET法测定固态物质比表面积[S].中华人民共和国国家标准(GB/T 19587-2004)
[32]Carter D Letal.EGME For Determing Surface Area of Silicate Minerals[J].Soil Sci,1968
[33]韩秋萍,对多孔物质或固体粉末比表面积测定方法探讨[J].河南冶金,2002(8)：10-20
[34]温石棉比表面积测定方法[S].中华人民共和国国家标准(GBT 6646.4-1986)
[35]戴建军,樊小林,喻建刚.颗粒肥料比表面积快速测定法在控释肥料研制中的应用[J].磷肥与复肥,2006(1)：67-68
[36]金属粉末比表面积的测定(氮吸收法)[S].中华人民共和国国家标(GB_T13390-92)
[37]煤质颗粒活性炭试验方法比表面积的测定[S].中华人民共和国国家标准(B_T7702.21-1997)
[38]比表面论坛：http://www.bibiaomian.com[DB/OL]
[39]郑玉.集料比表面积计算方法探讨[J],公路工程与运输,2008(11)：95-97
[40]K.T.Hall, M.LDarter, S.H.Carpenter, D.A.Steele. Guidelines for Evaluation of Asphalt Overlaid Concrete Pavement[J].Civil Engineering Studies,1995(6):1-9
[41]沈金安.沥青及沥青混合料路用性能[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001(5)：23-78
[42]ACI Committee 209. Prediction of creep, shrinkage and temperature effects in concrete structures[G]. In SP-27:Design for effects of creep,shrinkage,in concrete temperature structures. Detroit:ACI.1971: 51-93
[43]郝培文,张登良.沥青混合料低温抗裂性能评价指标的研究[J],公路,2000(5)：25-28
[44]张登良.沥青与沥青混合料[M].北京：人民交通出版社,1993
[451袁媛.大孔隙排水沥青混合料组成设计及性能研究[D],西安：长安大学,2005
[46]朱柏彦.骨材级配对排水沥青混凝土成效之影响[D],台北：国立成功大学,2004
[47]马士杰.大粒径沥青混合料设计方法与性能初步研究[D],西安：长安大学,2005
[48]于辉.沥青膜厚度对沥青混合料性能影响的研究[D],吉林大学,2007
[49]齐琳.采用间接拉伸试验评价沥青混合料低温性能研究[D],西安：长安大学,2006
[50]KokkalisA. G, Alexandros G, Panagouli, Olympia K. Fractal Evaluation of Pavement Skid Resistance Variations. I:Surface Wetting[J].Chaos,Solitons and Fmctals,1998, V 9(11):1875-1890
[51]曾文曲等.分形理论与分形的计算机模拟[M].东北大学出版社,1993
[52]沙震,阮火军.分形与拟合[M].浙江大学出版社,2009
[53]余继峰,李增学,韩美莲Fractal and its Application to Sedimentology[J].Journal of Coal Science & Engineering(China),2002(02)
[54]分形频道http://www.fractal.cn/[DB/OL]
[55]Carpinteri A.. Fractal Nature of Material Microstructure and Size Effects on Apparent Mechanical Properties[J].Mechanics of Materials.1994,(18):89-101.
[56]Mohan Yeggoni, Joe W.Button, Dan GZollinger. Fractals of Aggregates Correlated with Creep in Asphalt Concrete[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering.1996v122(1):112-150
[57]沈卫国,李强等.沥青混凝土集料级配的分形特征研究[J].国外建材科技,2003(5)：11-13
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