老年进展期非小细胞肺癌中西医结合个体化治疗方案的临床研究
|
摘要
背景及目的：老年进展期非小细胞肺癌目前尚无标准的化疗方案,MILES研究是至今为止全球最大的一个针对老年进展期非小细胞肺癌的前瞻性、多中心、随机、对照的Ⅲ期临床研究,该研究结果奠定了单药化疗的主导地位,但近年发表的SEER分析显示含铂双药化疗能够使老年患者最终获益。中医研究发现不同肿瘤患者常见某些偏颇的体质,老年肺癌患者最常见的体质为痰瘀体质和气阴两虚体质。中医药在肺癌的治疗中发挥出多样作用。我们根据老年进展期非小细胞肺癌患者的不同体质,给予不同的中西医结合治疗方案,希望能够提高患者的治疗完成率、客观缓解率,改善患者中医症状,提高生存质量,延长疾病无进展生存期和提高1年生存率。我们的目的是以中医体质辩证为基础,探讨老年进展期非小细胞肺癌的中西医结合个体化治疗方案。
方法：我们通过前瞻性、开放性、多中心的临床研究原则开展了对进展期老年非小细胞肺癌的临床研究。纳入年龄65岁～80岁的老年进展期(Ⅲb、Ⅳ期)非小细胞肺癌患者,入组开始于2009年9月1日结束于2011年3月15日,随访截止日期为2012年3月15日。所有进入这项研究的患者都必须接受体质评估。气阴两虚体质患者接受单药化疗+益气养阴中药,痰瘀体质患者接受含铂双药化疗+化痰祛瘀中药。在治疗前,和接受第2个周期治疗后对患者进行影像学评价；同时在治疗前和每个治疗周期后对患者中医症状进行评分,并协助患者填写FACT-L4.0生存质量量表,以观察临床症状改善情况和患者的生存质量；治疗结束后,每3个月进行一次随访,直至随访至患者死亡或满一年,用K-M法计算疾病无进展生存期和1年生存率及中位生存时间。
结果：本研究在3个研究中心共纳入研究的患者80例,剔除9例,其中因脑转移所致颅内高压2例,严重肾功能不全1例,拒绝服用中药1例,未经病理确诊的5例。最后接受治疗进入统计分析的患者共有71例。对患者进行体质评估,其中符合气阴两虚体质的患者为24例,符合痰瘀体质的患者为47例。气阴两虚体质患者的中位年龄为73.15岁,痰瘀体质患者的中位年龄为70岁,组间比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05)；71例患者平均接受3.50个周期的治疗,其中气阴两虚体质患者平均接受3.08个周期的治疗,痰瘀体质患者平均接受3.60个周期的治疗；71例患者的临床疗效为CR0例,PR17例、SD33例、PD21例,客观缓解率为23.94%,临床获益率为70.42%；其中气阴两虚体质患者,客观缓解率为12.50%,临床获益率为62.50%；痰瘀体质患者,客观缓解率为29.79%,临床获益率为74.47%；中医临床症状积分不同体质患者各疗程结束后与治疗前比较积分降低,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。不同体质患者生存质量情况,生理状况、功能状况、情感状况、附加关注状况各疗程结束后与治疗前比较积分增加,差异显著(P<0.05),社会/家庭状况各疗程结束后与治疗前比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。71位患者的中位疾病无进展生存期为171天(95%CI=126 to 187),1年疾病无进展率为14.19%,中位生存期为269天(95%CI=205 to 404),1年生存率为34.12%。其中气阴两虚体质患者的中位疾病无进展生存期为184天(95%CI=85 to 195),1年疾病无进展率为15.21%,中位生存期为286天(95%CI=206 to 633),1年生存率为38.095%；痰瘀体质患者的中位疾病无进展生存期为171天(95%CI=126 to 186),1年疾病无进展率为13.49%,中位生存期269天(95%CI=176 to 404),1年生存率为32.028%。不良反应轻微,最常见的为Ⅰ-Ⅱ°骨髓抑制,未出现研究相关性死亡。
结论：在体质辨证的基础上,气阴两虚体质患者给予单药化疗+益气养阴中药,痰瘀体质患者给予含铂双药化疗+化痰祛瘀中药,能够提高老年晚期NSCLC患者的治疗完成率,改善了患者的临床症状,并能一定程度上提高患者的生存质量,在客观有效率,疾病无进展生存期和1年生存率,相对于文献报道的单纯化学治疗具有一定的优势。
Background & Objective:There was no standard chemotherapy for elderly patients of non-small cell lung cancer. MILES research was the biggest clinic research for elderly patients of non-small cell lung cancer all over the world. The result of this research had shown single-agent efficacy with lower toxicity. However another SEER research showed cisplatin-containing regimens could make elderly patients get clinical benefit.From clinical research some pathological physique types are common in different tumor patients in TCM. The most common physiques of elderly patients with lung cancer are phlegm-stagnate type and qi-yin-deficincy type. We depended on the different physique types of advanced non-small cell lung cancer of elderly patients, and offered different combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine therapy. And we hoped these methods to get good clinical results.
Patients & Methods:We conducted an open-label,prospective, multicenter trial.To be eligible, patients had to be aged between 65 years and 80 years; to have cytological ly or histologically confirmed NSCLC; to have stageⅢb (with pleural effusion or metastatic supraclavicular lymph nodes)or IV disease. Enrolled between septermber 1st 2009 and March 15th 2011.And fllow-up study closed on March 15th 2012.All patients enrolled this research had received a physique estimate. Patients of qi-yin-deficincy type received single chemotherapy plus herbs of tonifying qi and yin,and patients of phlegm-stagnate type received platinum-based combined chemotherapy plus herbs of dissipating phlegm and removing blood stasis.All treatments were delivered every 3 weeks for a maximum of four cycles.Before the study and after the second cycles of treatments,all patients have to receive radiographic inspection. The patients themselves assessed the functional Assessment of cancer therapy (FACT-L)and doctor assessed clinical syndroms at baseline and 3,6,9 and 12 weeks after the first visit.After treatment follow-up study carried on every 3 months until patients'death or after one year. The primary end point was to compare the cycles of receiving the treatments and response rate. Secondary end points were to compare clinical syndrome,quality of life, progression-free survival and 1 year survival rate with historical documents.Survival cuves were drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed by the log-rank test.
Results:Of seventy-one patients available for intenion-to-treat analysis, 24 were qi-yin-deficincy type and received single chemotherapy plus herbs of tonifying qi and yin,47 were phlegm-stagnate type and received platinum-based combined chemotherapy plus herbs of dissipating phlegm and removing blood stasis. Patients of qi-yin-deficincy type's median age are 73.15 years,and patients of phlegm-stagnate type's median age are 70 years. There are significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Patients of this research received average 3.50 treatment cycles. The symptoms were improved over time (P<0.05) in both subgroups. There were significant different in the improvement of physical status, emotional status, functional status and additional concerned status between treatment regimens over time (P<0.05), the scores of social/family status in both groups were similar in all before and after treatment (P>0.05), but no difference between two subgroups. During this research objective response rates (complete or partial) and (CR plus PR plus SD) were 23.94% and 70.42%. Objective response rates (complete or partial) were 12.50% and 29.79% in the qi-yin-deficincy type and phlegm-stagnate type arms, respectively. For this research median PFS was 171 days (95% CI=126 to 187) and MST was 269 days (95%CI=205 to 404),1-year survival rate was 34.12% Median PFS was 184 days (qi-yin-deficincy type) and 171 days (phlegm-stagnate type). 1-year survival rate was 38.10% versus 32.03% for qi-yin-deficincy type versus phlegm-stagnate type respectively.The major side effect was bone marrow suppression grade 1-2.There was no death associate with chemotherapy.
Conclusion:Patients of qi-yin-deficincy type received single chemotherapy plus herbs of tonifying qi and yin, and patients of phlegm-stagnate type received platinum-based combined chemotherapy plus herbs of dissipating phlegm and removing blood stasis, these kinds of therapies can improve the cycles of receiving the treatments than historical documents.And it can improve the quality of life of patients to certain extent.Also these kinds of methods have a little superiority in objective response rates,PFS and 1-year survival rate compare purely chemotherapy from historical documents.
方法：我们通过前瞻性、开放性、多中心的临床研究原则开展了对进展期老年非小细胞肺癌的临床研究。纳入年龄65岁～80岁的老年进展期(Ⅲb、Ⅳ期)非小细胞肺癌患者,入组开始于2009年9月1日结束于2011年3月15日,随访截止日期为2012年3月15日。所有进入这项研究的患者都必须接受体质评估。气阴两虚体质患者接受单药化疗+益气养阴中药,痰瘀体质患者接受含铂双药化疗+化痰祛瘀中药。在治疗前,和接受第2个周期治疗后对患者进行影像学评价；同时在治疗前和每个治疗周期后对患者中医症状进行评分,并协助患者填写FACT-L4.0生存质量量表,以观察临床症状改善情况和患者的生存质量；治疗结束后,每3个月进行一次随访,直至随访至患者死亡或满一年,用K-M法计算疾病无进展生存期和1年生存率及中位生存时间。
结果：本研究在3个研究中心共纳入研究的患者80例,剔除9例,其中因脑转移所致颅内高压2例,严重肾功能不全1例,拒绝服用中药1例,未经病理确诊的5例。最后接受治疗进入统计分析的患者共有71例。对患者进行体质评估,其中符合气阴两虚体质的患者为24例,符合痰瘀体质的患者为47例。气阴两虚体质患者的中位年龄为73.15岁,痰瘀体质患者的中位年龄为70岁,组间比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05)；71例患者平均接受3.50个周期的治疗,其中气阴两虚体质患者平均接受3.08个周期的治疗,痰瘀体质患者平均接受3.60个周期的治疗；71例患者的临床疗效为CR0例,PR17例、SD33例、PD21例,客观缓解率为23.94%,临床获益率为70.42%；其中气阴两虚体质患者,客观缓解率为12.50%,临床获益率为62.50%；痰瘀体质患者,客观缓解率为29.79%,临床获益率为74.47%；中医临床症状积分不同体质患者各疗程结束后与治疗前比较积分降低,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。不同体质患者生存质量情况,生理状况、功能状况、情感状况、附加关注状况各疗程结束后与治疗前比较积分增加,差异显著(P<0.05),社会/家庭状况各疗程结束后与治疗前比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。71位患者的中位疾病无进展生存期为171天(95%CI=126 to 187),1年疾病无进展率为14.19%,中位生存期为269天(95%CI=205 to 404),1年生存率为34.12%。其中气阴两虚体质患者的中位疾病无进展生存期为184天(95%CI=85 to 195),1年疾病无进展率为15.21%,中位生存期为286天(95%CI=206 to 633),1年生存率为38.095%；痰瘀体质患者的中位疾病无进展生存期为171天(95%CI=126 to 186),1年疾病无进展率为13.49%,中位生存期269天(95%CI=176 to 404),1年生存率为32.028%。不良反应轻微,最常见的为Ⅰ-Ⅱ°骨髓抑制,未出现研究相关性死亡。
结论：在体质辨证的基础上,气阴两虚体质患者给予单药化疗+益气养阴中药,痰瘀体质患者给予含铂双药化疗+化痰祛瘀中药,能够提高老年晚期NSCLC患者的治疗完成率,改善了患者的临床症状,并能一定程度上提高患者的生存质量,在客观有效率,疾病无进展生存期和1年生存率,相对于文献报道的单纯化学治疗具有一定的优势。
Background & Objective:There was no standard chemotherapy for elderly patients of non-small cell lung cancer. MILES research was the biggest clinic research for elderly patients of non-small cell lung cancer all over the world. The result of this research had shown single-agent efficacy with lower toxicity. However another SEER research showed cisplatin-containing regimens could make elderly patients get clinical benefit.From clinical research some pathological physique types are common in different tumor patients in TCM. The most common physiques of elderly patients with lung cancer are phlegm-stagnate type and qi-yin-deficincy type. We depended on the different physique types of advanced non-small cell lung cancer of elderly patients, and offered different combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine therapy. And we hoped these methods to get good clinical results.
Patients & Methods:We conducted an open-label,prospective, multicenter trial.To be eligible, patients had to be aged between 65 years and 80 years; to have cytological ly or histologically confirmed NSCLC; to have stageⅢb (with pleural effusion or metastatic supraclavicular lymph nodes)or IV disease. Enrolled between septermber 1st 2009 and March 15th 2011.And fllow-up study closed on March 15th 2012.All patients enrolled this research had received a physique estimate. Patients of qi-yin-deficincy type received single chemotherapy plus herbs of tonifying qi and yin,and patients of phlegm-stagnate type received platinum-based combined chemotherapy plus herbs of dissipating phlegm and removing blood stasis.All treatments were delivered every 3 weeks for a maximum of four cycles.Before the study and after the second cycles of treatments,all patients have to receive radiographic inspection. The patients themselves assessed the functional Assessment of cancer therapy (FACT-L)and doctor assessed clinical syndroms at baseline and 3,6,9 and 12 weeks after the first visit.After treatment follow-up study carried on every 3 months until patients'death or after one year. The primary end point was to compare the cycles of receiving the treatments and response rate. Secondary end points were to compare clinical syndrome,quality of life, progression-free survival and 1 year survival rate with historical documents.Survival cuves were drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed by the log-rank test.
Results:Of seventy-one patients available for intenion-to-treat analysis, 24 were qi-yin-deficincy type and received single chemotherapy plus herbs of tonifying qi and yin,47 were phlegm-stagnate type and received platinum-based combined chemotherapy plus herbs of dissipating phlegm and removing blood stasis. Patients of qi-yin-deficincy type's median age are 73.15 years,and patients of phlegm-stagnate type's median age are 70 years. There are significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Patients of this research received average 3.50 treatment cycles. The symptoms were improved over time (P<0.05) in both subgroups. There were significant different in the improvement of physical status, emotional status, functional status and additional concerned status between treatment regimens over time (P<0.05), the scores of social/family status in both groups were similar in all before and after treatment (P>0.05), but no difference between two subgroups. During this research objective response rates (complete or partial) and (CR plus PR plus SD) were 23.94% and 70.42%. Objective response rates (complete or partial) were 12.50% and 29.79% in the qi-yin-deficincy type and phlegm-stagnate type arms, respectively. For this research median PFS was 171 days (95% CI=126 to 187) and MST was 269 days (95%CI=205 to 404),1-year survival rate was 34.12% Median PFS was 184 days (qi-yin-deficincy type) and 171 days (phlegm-stagnate type). 1-year survival rate was 38.10% versus 32.03% for qi-yin-deficincy type versus phlegm-stagnate type respectively.The major side effect was bone marrow suppression grade 1-2.There was no death associate with chemotherapy.
Conclusion:Patients of qi-yin-deficincy type received single chemotherapy plus herbs of tonifying qi and yin, and patients of phlegm-stagnate type received platinum-based combined chemotherapy plus herbs of dissipating phlegm and removing blood stasis, these kinds of therapies can improve the cycles of receiving the treatments than historical documents.And it can improve the quality of life of patients to certain extent.Also these kinds of methods have a little superiority in objective response rates,PFS and 1-year survival rate compare purely chemotherapy from historical documents.
引文
1. Ahmedin Jemal, Bray F, Center MM, et al. Global Cancer Statistics [J].CA Cancer J Clin.2011,61:1-22.
2. Ahmed in Jemal, Rebecca Siegel, Elizabeth Ward, et al. Cancer Statistics, 2009, CA Cancer J Clin.2010,60:277-300.
3.储大同主编.老年肿瘤学,人民卫生出版社,2009年3月第一版,第一次印刷：60.
4. Takanori K, Masaki H, Hideki T, et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of lung cancer patients from 1999 to 2009 in Tokushima Prefecture of Japan [J]. J.Med. Invest.2010,57(8):326-333.
5. Gridelli C. The ELVIS trail:A phase III study of single-agent vinorelbine as first-line treatment in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Elderly Lung Cancer Vinorelbine Italian Study [J]. Oncologist. 2001,6(suppl 1):4.
6.Jos e MTP, Pilar GL, Enriqueta FF, et al. SEOM clinical guidelines for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer:an updated edition [J]. Clin Trans1 Oncol.2010,12:735-741.
7. Veronesi A, Crivellari D, Magri M D, et al. Vinorelbine Treatment of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Special Emphasis on Elderly Patients [J]. Eur J Cancer,1996,32A (10):1809-1811.
8. Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Vinorelbine is Well Tolerated and Active in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. A Two-stage Phase II Study[J]. Eur J Cancer,1997,33 (3):392-397.
9. Buccheri G, Ferrigno D. Vinorelbine in Elderly Patients with Inoperable Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma A Phase II Study [J]. Cancer,2000,88:2677-85.
10. Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gal lo C, et al. Chemotherapy for Elderly Patients With AdvancedNon-Small-Cell Lung Cancer:The Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES) Phase Ⅲ Randomized Trial [J]. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003,95 (5):362-372.
11. Luciani A, Bertuzzi C, Ascione G, et al. Dose intensity correlate with survival in elderly patients treated with chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Lung Cancer,2009,66 (7) 94-96.
12. Ricci S, Antonuzzo A, Galli L, et al. Gemcitabine monotherapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer:a multicenter phase Ⅱ study [J]. Lung cancer,2000,27 (2):75-80.
13. Gridelli C, Cigolari S, Gallo C, et al. Activity and toxicity of gemcitabine and gemcitabine+vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer elderly patients:Phase II data from the Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES) randomized trial [J]. Lung cancer,2001,31:277-84.
14. Martoni A, Di Fabio F, Guaraldi M, et al. Prospective phase II study of single-agent gemcitabine in untreated elderly patients with stage ⅢB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. Am J Clin Oncol,2001,24(6):614-617.
15. Bianco V, Rozzi A, Tonini G, et al. Gemcitabine as single agent chemotherapy in elderly patients with stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC):a phase II study [J]. Anticancer Res,2002,22(5):3053-3056.
16.O'Brien MER, Socinski MA, Popovich AY,et al. Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing Single-Agent Paclitaxel Poliglumex (CT-2103, PPX) with Single-Agent Gemcitabine or Vinorelbine for the Treatment of PS 2 Patients with Chemotherapy-Naive Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer [J]. J Thorac Oncol. 2008;3(7):728-734.
17. Juan 0, Albeart A, Campos JM, et al.Measurement and impact of co-morbidity in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy. A phase Ⅱ study of weekly paclitaxel [J]. Acta Oncologica,2007; 46:367-373.
18. David R, Donatella D, Marcello U, et al. Weekly Paclitaxel in Elderly Patients (Aged≥70 Years)with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer:An Alternative Choice?Results of a Phase II Study[J].Clinical Lung Cancer,2008; 9:280-284.
19.Kudoh S, Takeda K, Nakagawa K, et al. Phase III Study of Docetaxel Compared With Vinorelbine in Elderly Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Results of the West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group Trial (WJTOG 9904) [J]. J Clin Oncol,2006;24(22):3657-3663.
20. Lee KW, Lim JH, Kim JH, et al.Weekly Low-Dose Docetaxel for Salvage Chemotherapy in Pretreated Elderly or Poor Performance Status Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer[J]. J Korean Med Sci,2008;23:992-998.
21. Hesketh PJ, Lilenbaum RC, Chansky K, et al. Chemotherapy in Patients ≥80 with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer:Combined Results from SWOG 0027 and LUN 6 [J].J Thorac Oncol.2007;2(7):494-498.
22. Weiss GJ, Langer C, Rosell R, et al.Elderly patients benefit from second-line cytotoxic chemotherapy:a subset analysis of a randomized phase III trial of pemetrexed compared with docetaxel in patients with previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer [J]. J Clin Oncol,2006,24(27):4405-4411.
23. Ciuleanu T, Brodowicz T, Zielinski C, et al. Maintenance pemetrexed plus best supportive care versus placebo plus best supportive care for non-small-cell lung cancer:a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study [J]. Lancet,2009,374 (9699):1432-1440.
24. Yamamoto N, Takahashi T, Kunikane H, et al. Phase I/Ⅱ Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenomic Study of UGT1A1 Polymorphism in Elderly Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Irinotecan [J]. Clinical pharmacology & Therapeutics,2009,85 (2):149-154.
25. Nakao M, Oguri T, Suzuki T, et al. Amrubicin Monotherapy for Elderly Patients with Previously Treated Lung Cancer [J]. Inter Med,2010,49:1857-1862.
26. Takigawaa N, Kiuraa K, Hottaa K, et al. A phase I study of S-1 with concurrent thoracic radiotherapy in elderly patients with localized advanced non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Lung Cancer,2011,71:60-64.
27. Ohe Y, Ohashi Y, Kubota K, et al. Randomized phase III study of cisplatin plus irinotecan versus carboplatin plus paclitaxel, cisplatin plus gemcitabine, and cisplatin plus vinorelbine for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer:Four-Arm Cooperative Study in Japan [J]. Annals of Oncology,2007,18:317-323.
28. Lilenbaum R, Victoria MV, Langer C, et al. Single-Agent Versus Combination Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and a Performance Status of 2 Prognostic Factors and Treatment Selection Based on Two Large Randomized Clinical Trials [J]. J Thorac Oncol,2009,4(7):869-874.
29. Yoshimura N, Kudoh S, Kimura T, et al. Phase Ⅱ Study of Docetaxel and Carboplatin in Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer [J]. J Thorac Oncol,2009,4(3):371-375.
30. Kim HJ, Kim TG, Lee HJ, et al. A phase II study of combination chemotherapy with docetaxel and carboplatin for elderly patients wi th advanced non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Lung Cancer,2010,68:248-252.
31. Christer Sederholm, Gunnar Hillerdal, Kristina Lamberg, et al. Phase III Trial of Gemcitabine Plus Carboplatin Versus Single-Agent Gemcitabine in the Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The Swedish Lung Cancer Study Group [J]. J Clin Oncol,2005,23(11):8380-8388.
32.1 moscetti, F nell, d panalino, et al.Gemicitabine and cisplatin in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: impact of comorbidities on safety and efficacy outcome[J]. Journal of chemotherapy,2005,17(6):685-692.
33. Pezzuolo D, Pennucci A, Mambrini P, et al. low dose fractionated cisplatin plus gemcitabine for elderly patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer:a Retrospective analysis[J]. Journal of Chemotherapy,2010,22(4):275-279.
34. Lee GW, Kang MH, Kim HG, et al. Fixed-dose rate infusion of gemcitabine and weekly cisplatin in elderly or poor performance status patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol,2009, 64:385-390.
35. Costa GJ, Fernandesa ALG, Pereira JR, et al. Survival rates and tolerability of platinum-based chemotherapy regimens for elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [J]. Lung Cancer,2006,53:171-176.
36. Belani CP, Fossella F, et al. Elderly Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Phase III Study of Docetaxel plus Platinum Combinations versus Vinorelbine plus Cisplatin for First-Line Treatment of Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma (TAX 326) [J]. cancer,2005,104 (22):2766-2774.
37. LeCaer H, Fournel P, Jullian H, et al. An open multicenter phase II trial of docetaxel-gemcitabine in Charlson score and performance status (PS) selected elderly patients with stage ⅢB pleura/IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC):The GFPC 02-02a study [J]. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 2007,64:73-81.
38. Blakely LJ, Schwartzberg L, Keaton M, et al. A phase II trial of pemetrexed and gemcitabine as first line therapy for poor performance status and/or elderly patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Lung Cancer,2009,66:97-102.
39. Blanchard EM, Moon J, Hesketh PJ, et al. Comparison of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Patients Older and Younger than 70 Years An Analysis of Southwest Oncology Group Trials 9308 and 9509 [J]. J Thorac Oncol,2011,6(1):115-120.
40. Tien H, Xu RH, Schiller JH, et al. Clinical Model to Predict Survival in Chemonaive Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Third-Generation Chemotherapy Regimens Based on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Data [J].J Clin Oncol,2005,23 (1):175-183.
1. Ahmed in Jemal, Bray F, Center MM, et al. Global Cancer Statistics [J].CA Cancer J Clin.2011,61:1-22.
2.储大同,主编.老年肿瘤学[M].人民卫生出版社,2009；60.
3.李志明.程剑华教授治疗肺癌经验[J].江西中医药,2006,37(282)：8-9.
4.蒋天佑.肺癌的辨治经验与体会[J].山西中医,2008,24(12)：3-5.
5.赵炜.李佩文治疗肺癌的经验[J].北京中医杂志,2002,21(12)：329-330.
6.孙建立.刘嘉湘治疗恶性肿瘤学术思想探讨[J].辽宁中医杂志,2002,29(7)：389-390.
7.刘嘉湘.中医药治疗肺癌研究思路和临床经验[J].世界中医药,2007,2(2)：67-70-
8.尤建良.培土生金法在肺癌治疗中的运用[J].辽宁中医杂志,2006,33(12)：1568-1570.
9.李猛.益气化痰法治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察[J].河北中医药学报,2007,22(1)：12-14.
10.王三虎,冯献斌,范先基等.金龙胶囊配合辨证分型治疗肺癌临床研究[J].中国中医急症,2009,18(6)：853-854.
11.杨国旺,王笑民,韩冬等.中医综合疗法治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床研究[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2005,12(9)：11-13.
12.林丽珠.益气除痰法提高老年肺癌生存期的前瞻性研究及预后分析.2006’亚太地区肿瘤生物学和医学会议,2006,70-75.
13.匡唐洪,刘云霞,郭勇.益气养阴是治肺癌之本[J].实用中医内科杂志,2004,18(4)：288-289.
14.匡唐洪,王翌庆,刘云霞.益气养阴法联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌25例临床观察[J].中国中医药科技,2010,17(3)：168-169.
15.刘素峰,李玉峰,吴树辉.益气养阴法联合小剂量化疗治疗老年晚期肺癌的临床研究[J].中国社区医师(医学专业),2011,13(2)：130.
16.张亚密,史小艳.健脾益肾法联合化疗治疗老年非小细胞肺癌58例临床观察[J].江苏中医药,2008,40(11)：53-54.
17.崔红海,毋子亭.健脾益肾法合化疗治疗中晚期肺癌疗效观察[J].辽宁中医杂志,2006,33(10)：1288-1289.
18.李珍,傅志泉,李春霞,等.复方苦参注射液对人胃癌BGC-823细胞株增殖抑制作用研究[J].中国全科医学,2011,14(21)：2464-2467.
19.范春香,林春丽,梁璐,等.复方苦参注射液对晚期非小细胞肺癌化疗的增强作用[J].中华肿瘤杂志,2010,32(4)：294-297.
20.冯柏,赵学群.复方苦参注射液对肺癌患者免疫功能的影响[J].中国药房,2007,18(33)：2612-2613.
21.陈建清,唐耀华,吴晓安.复方苦参注射液治疗癌痛的疗效观察[J].四川肿瘤防治,2002,15(4)：236-237.
22.陈文靖,张代荣,刘俊丽.岩舒注射液在非小细胞肺癌全身化疗中的作用评价[J].临床肺科杂志,2008,13(12)：1660-1661.
23.吴慧娟,邹宏志,刘涛.岩舒注射液联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床观察[J].中国医院用药评价与分析,2006,6(1)：43-45.
24.王英姿,金常光.岩舒注射液联合TP方案治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效观察[J].临床医学,2008,28(1)：50-52.
25.李道睿,林洪生.大剂量复方苦参注射液治疗中晚期恶性肿瘤的有效性和安全性[J].中华肿瘤杂志,2011,33(4)：291-294.
26.袁国荣,薛骞.鸦胆子油乳联合化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌[J].浙江中西医结合杂志,2004,14(7)：412-414.
27.孙概,魏桂珍,王亚湘.鸦胆子乳加化疗治疗晚期肺癌疗效观察,中国中西医结合杂志[J].2004,,33(11)：573-575.
28.田华琴,余寿益,王斌等.鸦胆子油乳剂对非小细胞肺癌患者细胞免疫功能及生活质量的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2007,27(2)：157-159.
29.李烃,吴华.鸦胆子油乳滴注液联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察[J].临床肺科杂志,2010,15(2)：266-267.
30.游红.泽菲联合鸦胆子油乳治疗老年晚期肺癌44例[J].肿瘤学杂志,2006,12(3)：233-234.
31.杨骅,王仙平,郑树,等.康莱特抗肿瘤的研究论文集[M].浙江：浙江大学出版社,1998.107-109.
32.张爱琴,孙在典,马胜林,等.康莱特注射液对Lewis肺癌小鼠VEGF-C蛋白及mRNA表达的影响[J].实用中西医结合临床,2008,8(1)：5-6.
33.李大鹏.康莱特注射液抗癌作用机理研究进展[J].中药新药与临床药理,2001,12(2)：122-124.
34.朱培森.康莱特改善肺癌晚期患者生存质量的临床观察[J].中国肺癌杂志,2000,3(3)：222-223.
35.王云杰,黄立军,张志培,等.康莱特注射液治疗原发性肺癌的临床研究[J].现代肿瘤医学,2006,14(1)：36-37.
36.牛润桂.紫杉醇联合康莱特治疗高龄晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究[J].肿瘤研 究与临床,2005,17(6)：404-405.
37.刘军强,尚立群,李学昌,等.康莱特联合GP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察[J].现代肿瘤医学,2011,19(10)：1974-1976.
38.Joan H, Schiller, et al. Comparison of four chemotherapy regimens for advanced of non-small cell lung cancer [J].N Engl Med,2002 (1):93-107.
39.陈友云.康莱特注射液改善晚期肺癌患者恶液质症状(附42例)[J].现代肿瘤医学,2010,18(2)：306-307.
40.李道睿,林洪生,于明薇,等.参芪扶正注射液对Lewis肺癌小鼠免疫逃逸调控作用的机理研究.2009年首届全国中西医肿瘤博士及中青年医师论坛,387-392.
41.刘扬帆.任琳莉.参芪扶正注射液对中晚期非小细胞肺癌化疗患者[J].中国当代医药,2011,18(10)：83-86.
42.孙一予,马少军,贾英杰,等.参芪扶正注射液联合化疗对非小细胞肺癌患者外周血细胞水平及免疫细胞活性的影响[J].中国中医急症,2007,16(7)：776-777.
43.梅宏,陈志昌.参芪扶正注射液对肺癌患者手术后免疫功能的调节作用[J].四川大学学报(医学版),2005,36(3)：449-450.
44.罗社文,黄燕苹,陕海丽,等.参芪扶正注射液联合紫杉醇加顺铂治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察[J].临床肿瘤学杂志,2007,12(5)：381-382.
45.王永强,江晓风.参芪扶正注射液联合化疗治疗中晚期肺癌的临床观察[J].实用临床医学,2010,11(4)：25-35.
46.王莉.参芪扶正注射液合并放疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌49例[J].中国民族民间医药,2009,18(23)：136-137.
47.冯利,林洪生.榄香烯对Lewis肺癌小鼠基底膜及细胞外间质影响的实验研究[J].中国肿瘤临床,2005,32(15)：891-894.
48.周昆,崔黎,闫焱,等.榄香烯对人肺腺癌SPC-A-1细胞VEGF-C及VEGFR-3表达的影响[J].中国老年学杂志,2008,28(6)：551-553.
49.方仁杏,汪波,周蔚翔,等.β-榄香烯对实验动物的抑瘤作用及机理研究[J].中医药学刊,2005,23(6)：1102-1103.
50.陈南江,李杭,谭诗生,等.周剂量多西紫杉醇联合榄香烯乳治疗高龄晚期非小细胞肺癌68例观察[J].中国肿瘤临床,2005,32(15)：896-897.
51.陈燕平,庄文斌,刘云聪.榄香烯联合DC方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效观察[J].山东医药,2008,48(30)：54-55.
52.王丽华,沈芳.榄香烯乳剂联合NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察[J].中国癌症杂志,2010,20(7)：547-550.
53.王洪源.榄香烯与单用多西他赛周剂量在高龄晚期非小细胞肺癌患者中疗效比较[J].河北医科大学学报,2011,32(5)：604-605.
54.徐姝丽,金春梅,宋琪.榄香烯乳联合放疗治疗肺癌脑转移40例疗效分析[J].中外医疗,2008,27(18)：99-100.
55.徐千朗,吉学源,殷建林.榄香烯乳联合化疗治疗肺癌脑转移30例临床报告[J].肿瘤研究与临床,2001,13(1)：47-48.
56.李志杰,张媛.榄香烯联合化疗治疗肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液疗效观察[J].中国误诊学杂志,2006,6(20)：3932-3933.
57.马秀丽,魏俊青.榄香烯乳治疗肺癌所致恶性胸腔积液的疗效观察[J].山西中医学院学报,2003,4(2)：51.
58.邱志楠,潘俊辉,喻清和,等.复方天龙咳喘胶囊治疗肺癌术后206例临床观察[J].中国中医药科技,2001,8(1)：46-47.
59.林丽珠.生存质量在中医肿瘤学综合效评价中的作用[J].中国肿瘤,2001,10(2)：80-82.
60.常永芳,葛明东,唐爱明,等.艾易舒注射液治疗老年非小细胞肺癌的临床观察[J].中华肿瘤防治杂志,2008,15(16)：1279-1280.
61.张霆.解毒疏络法对55例肺癌患者放疗后生活质量的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2008,28(2)：154-157.
62.于振洋.中药溃疡油防治头颈部肿瘤放疗所致皮肤损伤的临床与实验研究,北京中医药大学,博士论文,2009.
63.张琦,袁海.康莱特注射液联合吉非替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌78例临床观察[J].肿瘤,2011,31(1)：89-90.
64.贾英杰,黄敏娜,孙一予,等.厄洛替尼联合消岩汤加减方治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床观察[J].临床肿瘤学杂志,2009,14(7)：622-624.
65.姜苗,左明焕,侯丽,等.中医药治疗肺癌的优势分析[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2005,12(3)：3-4.
66.马秀丽,魏俊青.榄香烯乳治疗肺癌所致恶性胸腔积液的疗效观察[J].山西中医学院学报,2003,4(2)：51.
67.李志杰,张媛.榄香烯联合化疗治疗肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液疗效观察[J].中国误诊学杂志,2006,6(20)：3932-3933.
68.贾立群,李佩文,谭煌英,等.抗癌消水膏治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床研究[J].北京中医药大学学报,2002,25(4)：63-65.
69.江建平.肿瘤三阶梯镇痛中中药作用的观察[J].肿瘤防治研究2002,29(3)：243-244.
70.万冬桂,李佩文.痛块消巴布剂治疗癌症疼痛的临床研究[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2005,12(10)：68-69.
71.周岱翰,林丽珠,周宜强,等.中医药治疗Ⅲ～Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌的预后因素分 析[J].癌症,2005,24(10)：1252-1256.
72.林丽珠,周岱翰,郑心婷.中医药提高晚期非小细胞肺癌患者生存质量的临床观察[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2006,26(5)：389-393.
73.张双胜,杨伟明,钟春毅.老年Ⅳ期肺癌患者生活质量评价及中药综合干预效果分析[J].华中医学杂志,2004,28(6)：401-402.
74.郑丽平,鲍云华.中药治疗对老年晚期肺癌患者生存质量的研究[J].中华老年多器官疾病杂志,2009,8(2)：110-137.
75.胡艳.中药治疗支气管肺癌的分子生物学研究概况[J].广西中医药,2006,29(2)：1-4.
76.周岱涵,林丽珠,周宜强,等.非小细胞肺癌三种治疗方案的成本一效果分析[J].中国肿瘤临床,2005,32(19)：1081-1084.
1. Ahmed in Jemal, Bray F, Center MM, et al. Global Cancer Statistics [J].CA Cancer J Clin.2011,61:1-22.
2.储大同,主编.老年肿瘤学[M].人民卫生出版社,2009；60.
3.熊斌.论老年体质[J].中华中医药学会第六届中医体质学术研讨会暨2008年国际传统医药创新与发展态势论坛,66-69.
4.王琦,王容林,李英帅.中医体质学学科发展述评[J],中华中医药杂志,2007,22(9)：627-630.
5.王琦,盛增秀.中医体质学说[M].南京：江苏科技出版社,1982：15.
6.王琦.中医体质学[M].北京：中国医药科技出版社,1995：70-81.
7.匡调元.中医体质病理学[M].上海：上海科学普及出版社,1996：253-259.
8.何裕民.体制研究中若干问题的思考[J].山东中医学院学报,1988,12(4)：2.
9.王琦.9种基本中医体质类型的分类及其诊断表述依据[J].北京中医药大学学报,2005,28(4)：1-8.
10.何裕民,高钦颖,严清,等.从体质调研结果探讨因时因地制宜治则[J].中医杂志,1986,(5)：47-50.
11.王琦.中医体质学[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2005：2-85.
12.李志,王文兵.老年体质研究及其应用初探[J].泸州医学院学报,2000,23(2),113-114.
13.林晨,杨志敏.老年体质分类与调理策略[J].江西中医药,2008,39(5)：13-14。
14.王琦,高京宏.体质与证候的关系及临床创新思维[J].中医药学刊,2005,23(3)：389-392.
15.张向农,王欣,王梅,等.355例肿瘤患者中医体质类型流行病学调查研究[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2010,17(5)：13-16.
16.周小军,田道法.鼻咽癌高危人群体质调查研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2003,9(8)：51-54.
17.郑同宝.非小细胞肺癌患者体质因素调查.广州中医药大学,硕士研究生论文,2006.
18.胡学军,龙顺钦,杨小兵,等.原发性肝癌的中医体质调查分析[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(4)：995-997.
19.郁存仁,彭小梅,饶燮卿,等.固本祛瘀1号方配合化疗治疗恶性肿瘤的临床与实验研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1994,(7)：392.
20.张宗岐,朴柄奎,唐文秀,等.原发性肺癌临床分型与疗效的关系[J].中国中西医 结合外科杂志,1995,1：34-36.
21.陈润东,杨志敏,林嬿钊,等.中医体质分型6525例调查分析[J].南京中医药大学学报,2009,25(2)：104-106.
22.俞征宙,陈文发,俞宜年,等.从增龄对本虚标实证的影响探讨中医衰老机理[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1992,12(2)：80-82.
23.中国中西医结合活血化瘀研究所主编.血瘀证与活血化瘀研究[M].北京：学苑出版社,1990：76-79.
1. Ahmed in Jemal, Rebecca Siegel, Elizabeth Ward, et al. Cancer Statistics, 2009, CA Cancer J Clin.2009;59:225-249.
2.储大同主编.老年肿瘤学,人民卫生出版社,2009年3月第一版,第一次印刷：60.
3. Lilenbaum R, Herndon J, List M, et al. Single-agent versus combination chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer:a CALGB randomized trial of efficacy, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2002;21:la, (Abstract #2)
4. Langer CJ, Manola J, Bernardo P, et al. Cisplatin-based therapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer:implications of eastern cooperative oncology group 5529,a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst,2002,94(3):173-181.
5. Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Chemotherapy for Elderly Patients With AdvancedNon-Small-Cell Lung Cancer:The Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES) Phase III Randomized Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003,95(5):362-372.
6、Kudoh S, Takeda K, Nakagawa K, et al. Phase III Study of Docetaxel Compared With Vinorelbine in Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Results of the West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group Trial (WJTOG9904). J CLIN Oncol, 2006,24(22),3657-3663.
7、 Gridelli C, Cigolari S, Gallo C, et al. Activity and toxicity of gemcitabine and gemcitabine+vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer elderly patients:Phase II data from the Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES) randomized trial [J]. Lung cancer,2001,31:277-84.
8、 Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Chemotherapy for Elderly Patients With AdvancedNon-Small-Cell Lung Cancer:The Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES) Phase III Randomized Trial [J].J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003,95(5):362-372.
9、Lilenbaum R, Villaflor VM, Langer C,et al. Single-Agent Versus Combination Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and a Performance Status of 2 Prognostic Factors and Treatment Selection Based on Two Large Randomized Clinical Trials. J Thorac Oncol.2009;4:869-874.
10. Amy JD, Mei Tang, Brian Seal, et al. Chemotherapy and survival benefit in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol,2010,28(13):2191-2197.
11、Gridelli C. The ELVIS trail:A phase III study of single-agent vinorelbine as first-line treatment in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Elderly Lung Cancer Vinorelbine Italian Study [J].Oncologist. 2001.6(suppl 1):4.
12、李佩文,朱世杰,贾立群等.平肺口服液对非小细胞肺癌生存期的影响[J].中日友好医院学报2002.16(4)：84-86.
13、朱世杰,贾立群,李佩文.平肺口服液对荷瘤小鼠细胞增殖的双向调节作用[J].中西医结合学报2003.1(3)：202-204.
14、贾立群.平肺口服液联合放化疗综合治疗局部晚期NSCLC的临床观察[J].中华中西医临床杂志2004.4(9)：918-919.
15、陈志峰,李成柱,刘少翔.中医药治疗原发性非小细胞肺癌疗效的M et a分析[J].中医杂志,1999,40(5)：287-289.
16、申维玺,孙燕等.肺癌细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ与肺癌阴虚证相关的免疫组化研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志2000.06.12：28-30
17.王琦,王容林,李英帅.中医体质学学科发展述评, 中华中医药杂志,2007,22(9)：627-630.
18.胡学军,龙顺钦,杨小兵,等.原发性肝癌的中医体质调查分析[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(4)：995-997.
19.郁存仁,彭小梅,饶燮卿,等.固本祛瘀1号方配合化疗治疗恶性肿瘤的临床与实验研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1994,(7)：392.
20.中华人民共和国医政司.常见恶性肿瘤诊治规范[M].北京：中国协和医科大学出版社,1999：773-781.
21.孙燕,石远凯主编.临床肿瘤内科手册[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2009：401.
22.储大同主编.老年肿瘤学[M].人民卫生出版社,2009：69.
23.张向农,王欣,王梅,等.355例肿瘤患者中医体质类型流行病学调查研究[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2010,17(5)：13-16.
24.周小军,田道法.鼻咽癌高危人群体质调查研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2003,9(8)：51-54.
25.张宗岐,朴柄奎,唐文秀,等.原发性肺癌临床分型与疗效的关系[J].中国中西医结合外科杂志,1995,1：34-36.
26.俞征宙,陈文发,俞宜年,等.从增龄对本虚标实证的影响探讨中医衰老机理[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1992,12(2)：80-82.
27.陈润东,杨志敏,林嬿钊,等.中医体质分型6525例调查分析[J].南京中医药大学学报,2009,25(2)：104-106.
28.Ohe Y, Niho S, Kakinuma R, et al. A phase II study of cisplatin and docetaxel administered as three consecutive weekly infusions for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in elderly patients [J]. Annals of Oncology,2004, 15:45-50.
29. Ohe Y, Ohashi Y, Kubota K, et al. Randomized phase III study of cisplatin plus irinotecan versus carboplatin plus paclitaxel, cisplatin plus gemcitabine, and cisplatin plus vinorelbine for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer:Four-Arm Cooperative Study in Japan [J]. Annals of Oncology,2007,18:317-323.
30.袁少华,单利.107例老年非小细胞肺癌预后因素的COX回归分析,2011,第五届中国老年肿瘤学大会论文集,89-106.
31.Veronesi A, Crivellari D, Magri M D, et al. Vinorelbine Treatment of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer wi th Special Emphasis on Elderly Patients [J]. Eur J Cancer,1996,32A (10):1809-1811.
32. Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Vinorelbine is Well Tolerated and Active in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. A Two-stage Phase II Study [J]. Eur J Cancer,1997,33(3):392-397.
33. Buccheri G, Ferrigno D. Vinorelbine in Elder ly Patients wi th Inoperable Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma A Phase Ⅱ Study [J]. Cancer,2000,88:2677-85.
34. Ricci S, Antonuzzo A, Galli L, et al. Gemcitabine monotherapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer:a multicenter phase II study[J]. Lung cancer,2000,27 (2):75-80.
35. Martoni A, Di Fabio F, Guaraldi M, et al. Prospective phase Ⅱ study of single-agent gemcitabine in untreated elderly patients with stage ⅢB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer [J]. Am J Clin Oncol,2001,24(6):614-617.
36. Bianco V, Rozzi A, Tonini G, et al. Gemcitabine as single agent chemotherapy in elderly patients with stages III-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC):a phase II study [J]. Anticancer Res,2002,22 (5):3053-3056.
37. Fidias P, Supko JG, Martins R, et al. A Phase II study of weekly paclitaxel in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res,2001,7:3942-3949.
38. Gar bo L, Mars land T, Garf ield D, et al. A phase II study of weekly paclitaxel (Taxol) in stage ⅢB, IV, or relapsed after local therapy, nonpsmall cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients with a performance status of 2 and/or≥70years of age, with (Paraplatin) administered at disease progression. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 2001,20:b267.
39. West W, Birch R,Sysel I,et al.A phase II tiral of weekly paclitaxel in elderly patients or those with decreased performance status with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol,2001,20:b258.
40. Ha ins worth JD, Burr is HA, Li tchy S, et al. Weekly docetaxel in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer, 2000,89:328-333.
41. Yoshimura N, Kudoh S, Negoro S, et al. A phase Ⅱ study of docetaxel in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol,2000,19:a532.
42. Gridelli C. The ELVIS trail:A phase III study of single-agent vinorelbine as first-line treatment in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Elderly Lung Cancer Vinorelbine Italian Study [J]. Oncologist. 2001.6(suppl 1):4.
43. Tien H, Xu RH, Schiller JH, et al. Clinical Model to Predict Survival in Chemonaive Patients With Advanced Non-Smal1-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Third-Generation Chemotherapy Regimens Based on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Data [J]. J Clin Oncol,2005,23 (1):175-183.
44. Weiss GJ, Langer C,Rosell R,et al. Elderly patients benefit from second-line cytotoxic chemotherapy:a subset analysis of a randomized phase III trial of pemetrexed compared with docetaxel in patients with previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer [J]. J Clin Oncol,2006,24(27):4405-4411.
45.许轶琛,朱世杰,李佩文,等.中药复方平肺口服液对老年Lewis市癌[J].中华中医药学刊,2008,26(6)：1300-1302.
46.谭煌英,李园,朱世杰,等.吉西他滨联合鸦胆子油乳治疗25例老年晚期非小细胞肺癌[J].中国肿瘤,2007,16(6)：474-475.
47.刘素峰,李玉峰,吴树辉.益气养阴法联合小剂量化疗治疗老年晚期肺癌的临床研究[J].中国社区医师(医学专业),2011,13(2)：130.
48.储大同主编.老年肿瘤学[M].人民卫生出版社,2009：67.
49. Hotta K, Ueoka H, Kiura K. An overview of 48 elderly-specific clinical trial of systemic chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer,2004,46:61-76.
50.Ohe Y, Niiho S, Kiakinuma R, et al. A Phase II study of cisplatin and docctaxel administered as three consecutive weekly infusions for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in elderly patients[J]. Ann Oncol,2004,15:45-50.
51. Weissman CH, Reynolds CH, Neubauer MA, et al. phase III randomized trial of gemci tabine-oxal iplat in versus carboplatin-pacl itaxel as first-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer [J].J Thorac Oncol.2011,6(2):358-64.
52.Belani CP, Fossella F. Elderly Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Phase III Study of Docetaxel plus Platinum Combinations versus Vinorelbine plus Cisplatin for First-Line Treatment of Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma (TAX 326) [J]. Cancer 2005;104:2766-2774.
53. Tien H, Xu RH, Schiller JH, et al. Clinical Model to Predict Survival in Chemonaive Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Third-Generation Chemotherapy Regimens Based on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Data [J]. J Clin Oncol,2005,23 (1):175-183.
54.储大同主编.老年肿瘤学[M].人民卫生出版社,2009：69.
55.张永亮,许小丽,申国宏,等.金龙胶囊联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察[J].首都医药,2009,16(10)：56.
56.吕永丰,陈清霞,梁丹.金龙胶囊对肺腺癌A549生长能力的影响的研究[J].中国实用医药,2010,05(25)：32-33.
57.李春来,胡炜华.金龙胶囊联合GP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察[J].实用临床医学,2008,9(10)：50-51.
58.刘玉琴.“金龙”胶囊抑制癌细戆转移的研究[J].中国肿瘤临床与康复,1998,5(增刊)：43.
59.周岱翰,林丽珠,周宜强,等.中医药治疗Ⅲ～Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌的预后因素分析[J].癌症,2005,24(10)：1252-1256.
60. Stanley KE. Prognostic factors for survival in patients with inoperable lung cancer. J Natl Cancer In st 1980; 65(1):25-34.
61. Feld R, Borges M, Giner V, et al. Prognostic factors in non-smal cell lung cancer.Lung Cancer 1994;11(Suppl 3):S19-S23.
62. Yellen SB, Cella DF, Leslie WT. Age and clinical decision making in oncology p atients. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86 (23):1766-1770.
63. Kawahara M, Tada H, Tokoro A, et al. Quality-of-life evaluation for advanced non-smallcell lung cancer:a comparison between vinorelbine plus gemcitabine followed by docetaxel versus paclitaxel plus carboplatin regimens in a randomized trial:Japan Multinational Trial Organization LC00-03 (BRI LC03-01) [J].BMC Cancer 2011,11:356-363.
64.林丽珠,周岱涵,郑心婷.中医药提高晚期非小细胞肺癌患者生存质量的临床观察[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2006,26(5)：389-393.
65.徐力,李爱英,王居祥.克瘤丸联合TP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌FACT-L临床研究[J].吉林中医药,2008,28(11)：794-796.
66.游捷,施志明.肺癌国际生存质量量表与体能状态评定指标及中医症状量表的关系[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2005,25(7)：595-599.
67.芦波,张晓彤,李龙芸,等。以铂类为基础的两药联合方案治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌临床研究[J].中华老年医学杂志,2008,27(11)：801-804.
2. Ahmed in Jemal, Rebecca Siegel, Elizabeth Ward, et al. Cancer Statistics, 2009, CA Cancer J Clin.2010,60:277-300.
3.储大同主编.老年肿瘤学,人民卫生出版社,2009年3月第一版,第一次印刷：60.
4. Takanori K, Masaki H, Hideki T, et al. Epidemiological and clinical features of lung cancer patients from 1999 to 2009 in Tokushima Prefecture of Japan [J]. J.Med. Invest.2010,57(8):326-333.
5. Gridelli C. The ELVIS trail:A phase III study of single-agent vinorelbine as first-line treatment in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Elderly Lung Cancer Vinorelbine Italian Study [J]. Oncologist. 2001,6(suppl 1):4.
6.Jos e MTP, Pilar GL, Enriqueta FF, et al. SEOM clinical guidelines for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer:an updated edition [J]. Clin Trans1 Oncol.2010,12:735-741.
7. Veronesi A, Crivellari D, Magri M D, et al. Vinorelbine Treatment of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Special Emphasis on Elderly Patients [J]. Eur J Cancer,1996,32A (10):1809-1811.
8. Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Vinorelbine is Well Tolerated and Active in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. A Two-stage Phase II Study[J]. Eur J Cancer,1997,33 (3):392-397.
9. Buccheri G, Ferrigno D. Vinorelbine in Elderly Patients with Inoperable Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma A Phase II Study [J]. Cancer,2000,88:2677-85.
10. Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gal lo C, et al. Chemotherapy for Elderly Patients With AdvancedNon-Small-Cell Lung Cancer:The Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES) Phase Ⅲ Randomized Trial [J]. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003,95 (5):362-372.
11. Luciani A, Bertuzzi C, Ascione G, et al. Dose intensity correlate with survival in elderly patients treated with chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Lung Cancer,2009,66 (7) 94-96.
12. Ricci S, Antonuzzo A, Galli L, et al. Gemcitabine monotherapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer:a multicenter phase Ⅱ study [J]. Lung cancer,2000,27 (2):75-80.
13. Gridelli C, Cigolari S, Gallo C, et al. Activity and toxicity of gemcitabine and gemcitabine+vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer elderly patients:Phase II data from the Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES) randomized trial [J]. Lung cancer,2001,31:277-84.
14. Martoni A, Di Fabio F, Guaraldi M, et al. Prospective phase II study of single-agent gemcitabine in untreated elderly patients with stage ⅢB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer[J]. Am J Clin Oncol,2001,24(6):614-617.
15. Bianco V, Rozzi A, Tonini G, et al. Gemcitabine as single agent chemotherapy in elderly patients with stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC):a phase II study [J]. Anticancer Res,2002,22(5):3053-3056.
16.O'Brien MER, Socinski MA, Popovich AY,et al. Randomized Phase III Trial Comparing Single-Agent Paclitaxel Poliglumex (CT-2103, PPX) with Single-Agent Gemcitabine or Vinorelbine for the Treatment of PS 2 Patients with Chemotherapy-Naive Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer [J]. J Thorac Oncol. 2008;3(7):728-734.
17. Juan 0, Albeart A, Campos JM, et al.Measurement and impact of co-morbidity in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy. A phase Ⅱ study of weekly paclitaxel [J]. Acta Oncologica,2007; 46:367-373.
18. David R, Donatella D, Marcello U, et al. Weekly Paclitaxel in Elderly Patients (Aged≥70 Years)with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer:An Alternative Choice?Results of a Phase II Study[J].Clinical Lung Cancer,2008; 9:280-284.
19.Kudoh S, Takeda K, Nakagawa K, et al. Phase III Study of Docetaxel Compared With Vinorelbine in Elderly Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Results of the West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group Trial (WJTOG 9904) [J]. J Clin Oncol,2006;24(22):3657-3663.
20. Lee KW, Lim JH, Kim JH, et al.Weekly Low-Dose Docetaxel for Salvage Chemotherapy in Pretreated Elderly or Poor Performance Status Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer[J]. J Korean Med Sci,2008;23:992-998.
21. Hesketh PJ, Lilenbaum RC, Chansky K, et al. Chemotherapy in Patients ≥80 with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer:Combined Results from SWOG 0027 and LUN 6 [J].J Thorac Oncol.2007;2(7):494-498.
22. Weiss GJ, Langer C, Rosell R, et al.Elderly patients benefit from second-line cytotoxic chemotherapy:a subset analysis of a randomized phase III trial of pemetrexed compared with docetaxel in patients with previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer [J]. J Clin Oncol,2006,24(27):4405-4411.
23. Ciuleanu T, Brodowicz T, Zielinski C, et al. Maintenance pemetrexed plus best supportive care versus placebo plus best supportive care for non-small-cell lung cancer:a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study [J]. Lancet,2009,374 (9699):1432-1440.
24. Yamamoto N, Takahashi T, Kunikane H, et al. Phase I/Ⅱ Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacogenomic Study of UGT1A1 Polymorphism in Elderly Patients With Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Irinotecan [J]. Clinical pharmacology & Therapeutics,2009,85 (2):149-154.
25. Nakao M, Oguri T, Suzuki T, et al. Amrubicin Monotherapy for Elderly Patients with Previously Treated Lung Cancer [J]. Inter Med,2010,49:1857-1862.
26. Takigawaa N, Kiuraa K, Hottaa K, et al. A phase I study of S-1 with concurrent thoracic radiotherapy in elderly patients with localized advanced non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Lung Cancer,2011,71:60-64.
27. Ohe Y, Ohashi Y, Kubota K, et al. Randomized phase III study of cisplatin plus irinotecan versus carboplatin plus paclitaxel, cisplatin plus gemcitabine, and cisplatin plus vinorelbine for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer:Four-Arm Cooperative Study in Japan [J]. Annals of Oncology,2007,18:317-323.
28. Lilenbaum R, Victoria MV, Langer C, et al. Single-Agent Versus Combination Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and a Performance Status of 2 Prognostic Factors and Treatment Selection Based on Two Large Randomized Clinical Trials [J]. J Thorac Oncol,2009,4(7):869-874.
29. Yoshimura N, Kudoh S, Kimura T, et al. Phase Ⅱ Study of Docetaxel and Carboplatin in Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer [J]. J Thorac Oncol,2009,4(3):371-375.
30. Kim HJ, Kim TG, Lee HJ, et al. A phase II study of combination chemotherapy with docetaxel and carboplatin for elderly patients wi th advanced non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Lung Cancer,2010,68:248-252.
31. Christer Sederholm, Gunnar Hillerdal, Kristina Lamberg, et al. Phase III Trial of Gemcitabine Plus Carboplatin Versus Single-Agent Gemcitabine in the Treatment of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The Swedish Lung Cancer Study Group [J]. J Clin Oncol,2005,23(11):8380-8388.
32.1 moscetti, F nell, d panalino, et al.Gemicitabine and cisplatin in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: impact of comorbidities on safety and efficacy outcome[J]. Journal of chemotherapy,2005,17(6):685-692.
33. Pezzuolo D, Pennucci A, Mambrini P, et al. low dose fractionated cisplatin plus gemcitabine for elderly patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer:a Retrospective analysis[J]. Journal of Chemotherapy,2010,22(4):275-279.
34. Lee GW, Kang MH, Kim HG, et al. Fixed-dose rate infusion of gemcitabine and weekly cisplatin in elderly or poor performance status patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol,2009, 64:385-390.
35. Costa GJ, Fernandesa ALG, Pereira JR, et al. Survival rates and tolerability of platinum-based chemotherapy regimens for elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) [J]. Lung Cancer,2006,53:171-176.
36. Belani CP, Fossella F, et al. Elderly Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Phase III Study of Docetaxel plus Platinum Combinations versus Vinorelbine plus Cisplatin for First-Line Treatment of Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma (TAX 326) [J]. cancer,2005,104 (22):2766-2774.
37. LeCaer H, Fournel P, Jullian H, et al. An open multicenter phase II trial of docetaxel-gemcitabine in Charlson score and performance status (PS) selected elderly patients with stage ⅢB pleura/IV non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC):The GFPC 02-02a study [J]. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, 2007,64:73-81.
38. Blakely LJ, Schwartzberg L, Keaton M, et al. A phase II trial of pemetrexed and gemcitabine as first line therapy for poor performance status and/or elderly patients with stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer [J]. Lung Cancer,2009,66:97-102.
39. Blanchard EM, Moon J, Hesketh PJ, et al. Comparison of Platinum-Based Chemotherapy in Patients Older and Younger than 70 Years An Analysis of Southwest Oncology Group Trials 9308 and 9509 [J]. J Thorac Oncol,2011,6(1):115-120.
40. Tien H, Xu RH, Schiller JH, et al. Clinical Model to Predict Survival in Chemonaive Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Third-Generation Chemotherapy Regimens Based on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Data [J].J Clin Oncol,2005,23 (1):175-183.
1. Ahmed in Jemal, Bray F, Center MM, et al. Global Cancer Statistics [J].CA Cancer J Clin.2011,61:1-22.
2.储大同,主编.老年肿瘤学[M].人民卫生出版社,2009；60.
3.李志明.程剑华教授治疗肺癌经验[J].江西中医药,2006,37(282)：8-9.
4.蒋天佑.肺癌的辨治经验与体会[J].山西中医,2008,24(12)：3-5.
5.赵炜.李佩文治疗肺癌的经验[J].北京中医杂志,2002,21(12)：329-330.
6.孙建立.刘嘉湘治疗恶性肿瘤学术思想探讨[J].辽宁中医杂志,2002,29(7)：389-390.
7.刘嘉湘.中医药治疗肺癌研究思路和临床经验[J].世界中医药,2007,2(2)：67-70-
8.尤建良.培土生金法在肺癌治疗中的运用[J].辽宁中医杂志,2006,33(12)：1568-1570.
9.李猛.益气化痰法治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察[J].河北中医药学报,2007,22(1)：12-14.
10.王三虎,冯献斌,范先基等.金龙胶囊配合辨证分型治疗肺癌临床研究[J].中国中医急症,2009,18(6)：853-854.
11.杨国旺,王笑民,韩冬等.中医综合疗法治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床研究[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2005,12(9)：11-13.
12.林丽珠.益气除痰法提高老年肺癌生存期的前瞻性研究及预后分析.2006’亚太地区肿瘤生物学和医学会议,2006,70-75.
13.匡唐洪,刘云霞,郭勇.益气养阴是治肺癌之本[J].实用中医内科杂志,2004,18(4)：288-289.
14.匡唐洪,王翌庆,刘云霞.益气养阴法联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌25例临床观察[J].中国中医药科技,2010,17(3)：168-169.
15.刘素峰,李玉峰,吴树辉.益气养阴法联合小剂量化疗治疗老年晚期肺癌的临床研究[J].中国社区医师(医学专业),2011,13(2)：130.
16.张亚密,史小艳.健脾益肾法联合化疗治疗老年非小细胞肺癌58例临床观察[J].江苏中医药,2008,40(11)：53-54.
17.崔红海,毋子亭.健脾益肾法合化疗治疗中晚期肺癌疗效观察[J].辽宁中医杂志,2006,33(10)：1288-1289.
18.李珍,傅志泉,李春霞,等.复方苦参注射液对人胃癌BGC-823细胞株增殖抑制作用研究[J].中国全科医学,2011,14(21)：2464-2467.
19.范春香,林春丽,梁璐,等.复方苦参注射液对晚期非小细胞肺癌化疗的增强作用[J].中华肿瘤杂志,2010,32(4)：294-297.
20.冯柏,赵学群.复方苦参注射液对肺癌患者免疫功能的影响[J].中国药房,2007,18(33)：2612-2613.
21.陈建清,唐耀华,吴晓安.复方苦参注射液治疗癌痛的疗效观察[J].四川肿瘤防治,2002,15(4)：236-237.
22.陈文靖,张代荣,刘俊丽.岩舒注射液在非小细胞肺癌全身化疗中的作用评价[J].临床肺科杂志,2008,13(12)：1660-1661.
23.吴慧娟,邹宏志,刘涛.岩舒注射液联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌临床观察[J].中国医院用药评价与分析,2006,6(1)：43-45.
24.王英姿,金常光.岩舒注射液联合TP方案治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效观察[J].临床医学,2008,28(1)：50-52.
25.李道睿,林洪生.大剂量复方苦参注射液治疗中晚期恶性肿瘤的有效性和安全性[J].中华肿瘤杂志,2011,33(4)：291-294.
26.袁国荣,薛骞.鸦胆子油乳联合化疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌[J].浙江中西医结合杂志,2004,14(7)：412-414.
27.孙概,魏桂珍,王亚湘.鸦胆子乳加化疗治疗晚期肺癌疗效观察,中国中西医结合杂志[J].2004,,33(11)：573-575.
28.田华琴,余寿益,王斌等.鸦胆子油乳剂对非小细胞肺癌患者细胞免疫功能及生活质量的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2007,27(2)：157-159.
29.李烃,吴华.鸦胆子油乳滴注液联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察[J].临床肺科杂志,2010,15(2)：266-267.
30.游红.泽菲联合鸦胆子油乳治疗老年晚期肺癌44例[J].肿瘤学杂志,2006,12(3)：233-234.
31.杨骅,王仙平,郑树,等.康莱特抗肿瘤的研究论文集[M].浙江：浙江大学出版社,1998.107-109.
32.张爱琴,孙在典,马胜林,等.康莱特注射液对Lewis肺癌小鼠VEGF-C蛋白及mRNA表达的影响[J].实用中西医结合临床,2008,8(1)：5-6.
33.李大鹏.康莱特注射液抗癌作用机理研究进展[J].中药新药与临床药理,2001,12(2)：122-124.
34.朱培森.康莱特改善肺癌晚期患者生存质量的临床观察[J].中国肺癌杂志,2000,3(3)：222-223.
35.王云杰,黄立军,张志培,等.康莱特注射液治疗原发性肺癌的临床研究[J].现代肿瘤医学,2006,14(1)：36-37.
36.牛润桂.紫杉醇联合康莱特治疗高龄晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究[J].肿瘤研 究与临床,2005,17(6)：404-405.
37.刘军强,尚立群,李学昌,等.康莱特联合GP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察[J].现代肿瘤医学,2011,19(10)：1974-1976.
38.Joan H, Schiller, et al. Comparison of four chemotherapy regimens for advanced of non-small cell lung cancer [J].N Engl Med,2002 (1):93-107.
39.陈友云.康莱特注射液改善晚期肺癌患者恶液质症状(附42例)[J].现代肿瘤医学,2010,18(2)：306-307.
40.李道睿,林洪生,于明薇,等.参芪扶正注射液对Lewis肺癌小鼠免疫逃逸调控作用的机理研究.2009年首届全国中西医肿瘤博士及中青年医师论坛,387-392.
41.刘扬帆.任琳莉.参芪扶正注射液对中晚期非小细胞肺癌化疗患者[J].中国当代医药,2011,18(10)：83-86.
42.孙一予,马少军,贾英杰,等.参芪扶正注射液联合化疗对非小细胞肺癌患者外周血细胞水平及免疫细胞活性的影响[J].中国中医急症,2007,16(7)：776-777.
43.梅宏,陈志昌.参芪扶正注射液对肺癌患者手术后免疫功能的调节作用[J].四川大学学报(医学版),2005,36(3)：449-450.
44.罗社文,黄燕苹,陕海丽,等.参芪扶正注射液联合紫杉醇加顺铂治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察[J].临床肿瘤学杂志,2007,12(5)：381-382.
45.王永强,江晓风.参芪扶正注射液联合化疗治疗中晚期肺癌的临床观察[J].实用临床医学,2010,11(4)：25-35.
46.王莉.参芪扶正注射液合并放疗治疗中晚期非小细胞肺癌49例[J].中国民族民间医药,2009,18(23)：136-137.
47.冯利,林洪生.榄香烯对Lewis肺癌小鼠基底膜及细胞外间质影响的实验研究[J].中国肿瘤临床,2005,32(15)：891-894.
48.周昆,崔黎,闫焱,等.榄香烯对人肺腺癌SPC-A-1细胞VEGF-C及VEGFR-3表达的影响[J].中国老年学杂志,2008,28(6)：551-553.
49.方仁杏,汪波,周蔚翔,等.β-榄香烯对实验动物的抑瘤作用及机理研究[J].中医药学刊,2005,23(6)：1102-1103.
50.陈南江,李杭,谭诗生,等.周剂量多西紫杉醇联合榄香烯乳治疗高龄晚期非小细胞肺癌68例观察[J].中国肿瘤临床,2005,32(15)：896-897.
51.陈燕平,庄文斌,刘云聪.榄香烯联合DC方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效观察[J].山东医药,2008,48(30)：54-55.
52.王丽华,沈芳.榄香烯乳剂联合NP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察[J].中国癌症杂志,2010,20(7)：547-550.
53.王洪源.榄香烯与单用多西他赛周剂量在高龄晚期非小细胞肺癌患者中疗效比较[J].河北医科大学学报,2011,32(5)：604-605.
54.徐姝丽,金春梅,宋琪.榄香烯乳联合放疗治疗肺癌脑转移40例疗效分析[J].中外医疗,2008,27(18)：99-100.
55.徐千朗,吉学源,殷建林.榄香烯乳联合化疗治疗肺癌脑转移30例临床报告[J].肿瘤研究与临床,2001,13(1)：47-48.
56.李志杰,张媛.榄香烯联合化疗治疗肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液疗效观察[J].中国误诊学杂志,2006,6(20)：3932-3933.
57.马秀丽,魏俊青.榄香烯乳治疗肺癌所致恶性胸腔积液的疗效观察[J].山西中医学院学报,2003,4(2)：51.
58.邱志楠,潘俊辉,喻清和,等.复方天龙咳喘胶囊治疗肺癌术后206例临床观察[J].中国中医药科技,2001,8(1)：46-47.
59.林丽珠.生存质量在中医肿瘤学综合效评价中的作用[J].中国肿瘤,2001,10(2)：80-82.
60.常永芳,葛明东,唐爱明,等.艾易舒注射液治疗老年非小细胞肺癌的临床观察[J].中华肿瘤防治杂志,2008,15(16)：1279-1280.
61.张霆.解毒疏络法对55例肺癌患者放疗后生活质量的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2008,28(2)：154-157.
62.于振洋.中药溃疡油防治头颈部肿瘤放疗所致皮肤损伤的临床与实验研究,北京中医药大学,博士论文,2009.
63.张琦,袁海.康莱特注射液联合吉非替尼治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌78例临床观察[J].肿瘤,2011,31(1)：89-90.
64.贾英杰,黄敏娜,孙一予,等.厄洛替尼联合消岩汤加减方治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床观察[J].临床肿瘤学杂志,2009,14(7)：622-624.
65.姜苗,左明焕,侯丽,等.中医药治疗肺癌的优势分析[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2005,12(3)：3-4.
66.马秀丽,魏俊青.榄香烯乳治疗肺癌所致恶性胸腔积液的疗效观察[J].山西中医学院学报,2003,4(2)：51.
67.李志杰,张媛.榄香烯联合化疗治疗肺癌合并恶性胸腔积液疗效观察[J].中国误诊学杂志,2006,6(20)：3932-3933.
68.贾立群,李佩文,谭煌英,等.抗癌消水膏治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床研究[J].北京中医药大学学报,2002,25(4)：63-65.
69.江建平.肿瘤三阶梯镇痛中中药作用的观察[J].肿瘤防治研究2002,29(3)：243-244.
70.万冬桂,李佩文.痛块消巴布剂治疗癌症疼痛的临床研究[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2005,12(10)：68-69.
71.周岱翰,林丽珠,周宜强,等.中医药治疗Ⅲ～Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌的预后因素分 析[J].癌症,2005,24(10)：1252-1256.
72.林丽珠,周岱翰,郑心婷.中医药提高晚期非小细胞肺癌患者生存质量的临床观察[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2006,26(5)：389-393.
73.张双胜,杨伟明,钟春毅.老年Ⅳ期肺癌患者生活质量评价及中药综合干预效果分析[J].华中医学杂志,2004,28(6)：401-402.
74.郑丽平,鲍云华.中药治疗对老年晚期肺癌患者生存质量的研究[J].中华老年多器官疾病杂志,2009,8(2)：110-137.
75.胡艳.中药治疗支气管肺癌的分子生物学研究概况[J].广西中医药,2006,29(2)：1-4.
76.周岱涵,林丽珠,周宜强,等.非小细胞肺癌三种治疗方案的成本一效果分析[J].中国肿瘤临床,2005,32(19)：1081-1084.
1. Ahmed in Jemal, Bray F, Center MM, et al. Global Cancer Statistics [J].CA Cancer J Clin.2011,61:1-22.
2.储大同,主编.老年肿瘤学[M].人民卫生出版社,2009；60.
3.熊斌.论老年体质[J].中华中医药学会第六届中医体质学术研讨会暨2008年国际传统医药创新与发展态势论坛,66-69.
4.王琦,王容林,李英帅.中医体质学学科发展述评[J],中华中医药杂志,2007,22(9)：627-630.
5.王琦,盛增秀.中医体质学说[M].南京：江苏科技出版社,1982：15.
6.王琦.中医体质学[M].北京：中国医药科技出版社,1995：70-81.
7.匡调元.中医体质病理学[M].上海：上海科学普及出版社,1996：253-259.
8.何裕民.体制研究中若干问题的思考[J].山东中医学院学报,1988,12(4)：2.
9.王琦.9种基本中医体质类型的分类及其诊断表述依据[J].北京中医药大学学报,2005,28(4)：1-8.
10.何裕民,高钦颖,严清,等.从体质调研结果探讨因时因地制宜治则[J].中医杂志,1986,(5)：47-50.
11.王琦.中医体质学[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2005：2-85.
12.李志,王文兵.老年体质研究及其应用初探[J].泸州医学院学报,2000,23(2),113-114.
13.林晨,杨志敏.老年体质分类与调理策略[J].江西中医药,2008,39(5)：13-14。
14.王琦,高京宏.体质与证候的关系及临床创新思维[J].中医药学刊,2005,23(3)：389-392.
15.张向农,王欣,王梅,等.355例肿瘤患者中医体质类型流行病学调查研究[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2010,17(5)：13-16.
16.周小军,田道法.鼻咽癌高危人群体质调查研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2003,9(8)：51-54.
17.郑同宝.非小细胞肺癌患者体质因素调查.广州中医药大学,硕士研究生论文,2006.
18.胡学军,龙顺钦,杨小兵,等.原发性肝癌的中医体质调查分析[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(4)：995-997.
19.郁存仁,彭小梅,饶燮卿,等.固本祛瘀1号方配合化疗治疗恶性肿瘤的临床与实验研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1994,(7)：392.
20.张宗岐,朴柄奎,唐文秀,等.原发性肺癌临床分型与疗效的关系[J].中国中西医 结合外科杂志,1995,1：34-36.
21.陈润东,杨志敏,林嬿钊,等.中医体质分型6525例调查分析[J].南京中医药大学学报,2009,25(2)：104-106.
22.俞征宙,陈文发,俞宜年,等.从增龄对本虚标实证的影响探讨中医衰老机理[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1992,12(2)：80-82.
23.中国中西医结合活血化瘀研究所主编.血瘀证与活血化瘀研究[M].北京：学苑出版社,1990：76-79.
1. Ahmed in Jemal, Rebecca Siegel, Elizabeth Ward, et al. Cancer Statistics, 2009, CA Cancer J Clin.2009;59:225-249.
2.储大同主编.老年肿瘤学,人民卫生出版社,2009年3月第一版,第一次印刷：60.
3. Lilenbaum R, Herndon J, List M, et al. Single-agent versus combination chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer:a CALGB randomized trial of efficacy, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2002;21:la, (Abstract #2)
4. Langer CJ, Manola J, Bernardo P, et al. Cisplatin-based therapy for elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer:implications of eastern cooperative oncology group 5529,a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst,2002,94(3):173-181.
5. Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Chemotherapy for Elderly Patients With AdvancedNon-Small-Cell Lung Cancer:The Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES) Phase III Randomized Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003,95(5):362-372.
6、Kudoh S, Takeda K, Nakagawa K, et al. Phase III Study of Docetaxel Compared With Vinorelbine in Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Results of the West Japan Thoracic Oncology Group Trial (WJTOG9904). J CLIN Oncol, 2006,24(22),3657-3663.
7、 Gridelli C, Cigolari S, Gallo C, et al. Activity and toxicity of gemcitabine and gemcitabine+vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer elderly patients:Phase II data from the Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES) randomized trial [J]. Lung cancer,2001,31:277-84.
8、 Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Chemotherapy for Elderly Patients With AdvancedNon-Small-Cell Lung Cancer:The Multicenter Italian Lung Cancer in the Elderly Study (MILES) Phase III Randomized Trial [J].J Natl Cancer Inst, 2003,95(5):362-372.
9、Lilenbaum R, Villaflor VM, Langer C,et al. Single-Agent Versus Combination Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and a Performance Status of 2 Prognostic Factors and Treatment Selection Based on Two Large Randomized Clinical Trials. J Thorac Oncol.2009;4:869-874.
10. Amy JD, Mei Tang, Brian Seal, et al. Chemotherapy and survival benefit in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol,2010,28(13):2191-2197.
11、Gridelli C. The ELVIS trail:A phase III study of single-agent vinorelbine as first-line treatment in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Elderly Lung Cancer Vinorelbine Italian Study [J].Oncologist. 2001.6(suppl 1):4.
12、李佩文,朱世杰,贾立群等.平肺口服液对非小细胞肺癌生存期的影响[J].中日友好医院学报2002.16(4)：84-86.
13、朱世杰,贾立群,李佩文.平肺口服液对荷瘤小鼠细胞增殖的双向调节作用[J].中西医结合学报2003.1(3)：202-204.
14、贾立群.平肺口服液联合放化疗综合治疗局部晚期NSCLC的临床观察[J].中华中西医临床杂志2004.4(9)：918-919.
15、陈志峰,李成柱,刘少翔.中医药治疗原发性非小细胞肺癌疗效的M et a分析[J].中医杂志,1999,40(5)：287-289.
16、申维玺,孙燕等.肺癌细胞IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ与肺癌阴虚证相关的免疫组化研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志2000.06.12：28-30
17.王琦,王容林,李英帅.中医体质学学科发展述评, 中华中医药杂志,2007,22(9)：627-630.
18.胡学军,龙顺钦,杨小兵,等.原发性肝癌的中医体质调查分析[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(4)：995-997.
19.郁存仁,彭小梅,饶燮卿,等.固本祛瘀1号方配合化疗治疗恶性肿瘤的临床与实验研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1994,(7)：392.
20.中华人民共和国医政司.常见恶性肿瘤诊治规范[M].北京：中国协和医科大学出版社,1999：773-781.
21.孙燕,石远凯主编.临床肿瘤内科手册[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,2009：401.
22.储大同主编.老年肿瘤学[M].人民卫生出版社,2009：69.
23.张向农,王欣,王梅,等.355例肿瘤患者中医体质类型流行病学调查研究[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2010,17(5)：13-16.
24.周小军,田道法.鼻咽癌高危人群体质调查研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2003,9(8)：51-54.
25.张宗岐,朴柄奎,唐文秀,等.原发性肺癌临床分型与疗效的关系[J].中国中西医结合外科杂志,1995,1：34-36.
26.俞征宙,陈文发,俞宜年,等.从增龄对本虚标实证的影响探讨中医衰老机理[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1992,12(2)：80-82.
27.陈润东,杨志敏,林嬿钊,等.中医体质分型6525例调查分析[J].南京中医药大学学报,2009,25(2)：104-106.
28.Ohe Y, Niho S, Kakinuma R, et al. A phase II study of cisplatin and docetaxel administered as three consecutive weekly infusions for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in elderly patients [J]. Annals of Oncology,2004, 15:45-50.
29. Ohe Y, Ohashi Y, Kubota K, et al. Randomized phase III study of cisplatin plus irinotecan versus carboplatin plus paclitaxel, cisplatin plus gemcitabine, and cisplatin plus vinorelbine for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer:Four-Arm Cooperative Study in Japan [J]. Annals of Oncology,2007,18:317-323.
30.袁少华,单利.107例老年非小细胞肺癌预后因素的COX回归分析,2011,第五届中国老年肿瘤学大会论文集,89-106.
31.Veronesi A, Crivellari D, Magri M D, et al. Vinorelbine Treatment of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer wi th Special Emphasis on Elderly Patients [J]. Eur J Cancer,1996,32A (10):1809-1811.
32. Gridelli C, Perrone F, Gallo C, et al. Vinorelbine is Well Tolerated and Active in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. A Two-stage Phase II Study [J]. Eur J Cancer,1997,33(3):392-397.
33. Buccheri G, Ferrigno D. Vinorelbine in Elder ly Patients wi th Inoperable Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma A Phase Ⅱ Study [J]. Cancer,2000,88:2677-85.
34. Ricci S, Antonuzzo A, Galli L, et al. Gemcitabine monotherapy in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer:a multicenter phase II study[J]. Lung cancer,2000,27 (2):75-80.
35. Martoni A, Di Fabio F, Guaraldi M, et al. Prospective phase Ⅱ study of single-agent gemcitabine in untreated elderly patients with stage ⅢB/IV non-small-cell lung cancer [J]. Am J Clin Oncol,2001,24(6):614-617.
36. Bianco V, Rozzi A, Tonini G, et al. Gemcitabine as single agent chemotherapy in elderly patients with stages III-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC):a phase II study [J]. Anticancer Res,2002,22 (5):3053-3056.
37. Fidias P, Supko JG, Martins R, et al. A Phase II study of weekly paclitaxel in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res,2001,7:3942-3949.
38. Gar bo L, Mars land T, Garf ield D, et al. A phase II study of weekly paclitaxel (Taxol) in stage ⅢB, IV, or relapsed after local therapy, nonpsmall cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients with a performance status of 2 and/or≥70years of age, with (Paraplatin) administered at disease progression. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol, 2001,20:b267.
39. West W, Birch R,Sysel I,et al.A phase II tiral of weekly paclitaxel in elderly patients or those with decreased performance status with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol,2001,20:b258.
40. Ha ins worth JD, Burr is HA, Li tchy S, et al. Weekly docetaxel in the treatment of elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer, 2000,89:328-333.
41. Yoshimura N, Kudoh S, Negoro S, et al. A phase Ⅱ study of docetaxel in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol,2000,19:a532.
42. Gridelli C. The ELVIS trail:A phase III study of single-agent vinorelbine as first-line treatment in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Elderly Lung Cancer Vinorelbine Italian Study [J]. Oncologist. 2001.6(suppl 1):4.
43. Tien H, Xu RH, Schiller JH, et al. Clinical Model to Predict Survival in Chemonaive Patients With Advanced Non-Smal1-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Third-Generation Chemotherapy Regimens Based on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Data [J]. J Clin Oncol,2005,23 (1):175-183.
44. Weiss GJ, Langer C,Rosell R,et al. Elderly patients benefit from second-line cytotoxic chemotherapy:a subset analysis of a randomized phase III trial of pemetrexed compared with docetaxel in patients with previously treated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer [J]. J Clin Oncol,2006,24(27):4405-4411.
45.许轶琛,朱世杰,李佩文,等.中药复方平肺口服液对老年Lewis市癌[J].中华中医药学刊,2008,26(6)：1300-1302.
46.谭煌英,李园,朱世杰,等.吉西他滨联合鸦胆子油乳治疗25例老年晚期非小细胞肺癌[J].中国肿瘤,2007,16(6)：474-475.
47.刘素峰,李玉峰,吴树辉.益气养阴法联合小剂量化疗治疗老年晚期肺癌的临床研究[J].中国社区医师(医学专业),2011,13(2)：130.
48.储大同主编.老年肿瘤学[M].人民卫生出版社,2009：67.
49. Hotta K, Ueoka H, Kiura K. An overview of 48 elderly-specific clinical trial of systemic chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer,2004,46:61-76.
50.Ohe Y, Niiho S, Kiakinuma R, et al. A Phase II study of cisplatin and docctaxel administered as three consecutive weekly infusions for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in elderly patients[J]. Ann Oncol,2004,15:45-50.
51. Weissman CH, Reynolds CH, Neubauer MA, et al. phase III randomized trial of gemci tabine-oxal iplat in versus carboplatin-pacl itaxel as first-line therapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer [J].J Thorac Oncol.2011,6(2):358-64.
52.Belani CP, Fossella F. Elderly Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Phase III Study of Docetaxel plus Platinum Combinations versus Vinorelbine plus Cisplatin for First-Line Treatment of Advanced Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma (TAX 326) [J]. Cancer 2005;104:2766-2774.
53. Tien H, Xu RH, Schiller JH, et al. Clinical Model to Predict Survival in Chemonaive Patients With Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Third-Generation Chemotherapy Regimens Based on Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Data [J]. J Clin Oncol,2005,23 (1):175-183.
54.储大同主编.老年肿瘤学[M].人民卫生出版社,2009：69.
55.张永亮,许小丽,申国宏,等.金龙胶囊联合化疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察[J].首都医药,2009,16(10)：56.
56.吕永丰,陈清霞,梁丹.金龙胶囊对肺腺癌A549生长能力的影响的研究[J].中国实用医药,2010,05(25)：32-33.
57.李春来,胡炜华.金龙胶囊联合GP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察[J].实用临床医学,2008,9(10)：50-51.
58.刘玉琴.“金龙”胶囊抑制癌细戆转移的研究[J].中国肿瘤临床与康复,1998,5(增刊)：43.
59.周岱翰,林丽珠,周宜强,等.中医药治疗Ⅲ～Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌的预后因素分析[J].癌症,2005,24(10)：1252-1256.
60. Stanley KE. Prognostic factors for survival in patients with inoperable lung cancer. J Natl Cancer In st 1980; 65(1):25-34.
61. Feld R, Borges M, Giner V, et al. Prognostic factors in non-smal cell lung cancer.Lung Cancer 1994;11(Suppl 3):S19-S23.
62. Yellen SB, Cella DF, Leslie WT. Age and clinical decision making in oncology p atients. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994;86 (23):1766-1770.
63. Kawahara M, Tada H, Tokoro A, et al. Quality-of-life evaluation for advanced non-smallcell lung cancer:a comparison between vinorelbine plus gemcitabine followed by docetaxel versus paclitaxel plus carboplatin regimens in a randomized trial:Japan Multinational Trial Organization LC00-03 (BRI LC03-01) [J].BMC Cancer 2011,11:356-363.
64.林丽珠,周岱涵,郑心婷.中医药提高晚期非小细胞肺癌患者生存质量的临床观察[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2006,26(5)：389-393.
65.徐力,李爱英,王居祥.克瘤丸联合TP方案治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌FACT-L临床研究[J].吉林中医药,2008,28(11)：794-796.
66.游捷,施志明.肺癌国际生存质量量表与体能状态评定指标及中医症状量表的关系[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2005,25(7)：595-599.
67.芦波,张晓彤,李龙芸,等。以铂类为基础的两药联合方案治疗老年晚期非小细胞肺癌临床研究[J].中华老年医学杂志,2008,27(11)：801-804.