茄子抗冷性鉴定指标及抗冷材料筛选的研究
摘要
茄子(Solanum melogena L.)原产于东南亚、印度，在我国栽培历史悠久。茄子性喜温暖气候，常常会遭到冷害和冻害。随着保护地栽培面积的逐年扩大，生产上急需抗冷性强的茄子品种与之配套，而抗冷性强的品种选育首先需要提供抗低温的育种材料，而抗低温的育种材料的筛选又需要相应的抗冷性鉴定指标来完成。由于茄子的区域性较强，有关茄子抗冷性研究远不如番茄和辣椒那样深入、系统。因此利用简单、快速、准确的抗冷性鉴定方法和指标，可以提高材料及品种的鉴定和筛选的效率。
本实验以8个不同类型的茄子为材料，研究了8种不同的抗冷性生理生化指标及指标间的相关性，从中筛选出3种简单、快速、有效的指标，并利用该指标对34份茄子材料进行了抗冷性鉴定。其主要研究结果如下：
1 研究了不同温度对茄子种子发芽力的影响。18℃下发芽指数和下胚轴长度均可用来鉴定茄子种子的抗冷性，但以18℃下的活力指数作为鉴定茄子的抗冷性更加准确、可靠，而发芽率不能用来鉴定茄子种子的抗冷性。
2 从人工模拟气候条件下的冷害指数来看，冷害指数与茄子的抗冷性呈显著的负相关，而且茄子间有一定的差异性。该方法简单、易操作，可将该方法作为快速鉴定茄子苗期抗冷性的参考指标。
3 利用电导法测定了茄子幼苗叶片电导百分率。5℃条件下的电导百分率与茄子的抗冷性呈显著负相关，而且茄子间的差异十分明显，以5℃下的电导百分率大小能较好地鉴定茄子苗期的抗冷性强弱。
4 研究了不同低温对茄子幼苗可溶性糖含量的影响。5℃条件下可溶性糖的含最与茄子的抗冷性呈极显著的正相关，且茄子间有一定的差异，抗冷性强的茄子可溶性糖的含量增加幅度要大于抗冷性弱的茄子。15℃的低温对可溶性糖的诱导效果不明显。可用5℃条件下茄子幼苗叶片可溶性
2001硕士学位论文
糖的含量大小代表茄子抗冷性强弱。
5研究了不同低温对茄子幼苗脯氨酸含量的影响。常温下不同茄子
脯氨酸含量存在着差异，这种差异表现在与茄子的抗冷性呈极显著的正相
关，但茄子I\lJ的差异性不明显。抗冷性强的茄子容易受低温诱导。5℃的
低温处理后，从各茄子的脯氨酸的含量和含量的变化即可看出茄子的抗冷
性强弱。
6研究了低温对茄子幼苗膜脂过氧化和保护酶系统变化的影响。随
温度降低，I)OD活性增高，MDA含量增大，以T活性先下降后上升，变化
较复杂。P()1)活性变化及MDA含量的变化均与茄子抗冷性呈显著负相关，
5℃下MDA的含量与茄子的抗冷性呈显著负相关，且茄子间的差异较明显。
抗冷性强的茄子活性较高，活性变化小，MDA含量少。用POD活性的变化
和MDA含量鉴定不同茄子的抗冷性是可行的。
7比较了8种抗冷性指标间的相关性。活力指数、冷害指数、电导
百分率、可溶性糖含量分别与其它指标间(除酶活性外)相关性比较好，
脯氨酸含最、酶活性及MDA的含最与其它指标间的相关性要差一些。
8利用己筛选出的3种抗冷性指标对34份茄子材料进行了抗冷性鉴
定，通过抗冷性隶属值和聚类分析，从中筛选出了11份抗冷性强的材料。
Eggplant (Solatium melongena L.) originated in southeast Asia and Indian, which had been cultivated for a long time in China. As it grows in warm climrte, it is usually subject to chilling and cold damage. With the increase in cultivated areas of protective cultivation year after year, eggplant cultivars resistant to chilling are badly need, but breeding materials with chilling resistance have to be provided for obtaining. Likewise, screening breading materials for chilling resistance need chilling resistance indices correspondly. Owing to the strict region of eggplant, the studies of eggplant chilling resistance were less advanced than tomato and pepper. So using simple, fast and correct methods and indices of chilling resistance can enhance the efficiency of identifying and screening materials and cultivars.
Eight different biochemical and physiological indices of chilling resistance and their correlations were studied using eight different eggplant cultivars, as a result of which three simple, fast and useful indices had been screened, chilling resistance of which thirty-four eggplant materials was then used to investigate. The main results were as follows:
1. Effect of different temperature on seed germination was studied. The chilling resistance appraisal of eggplant seed could be used germination index and hypocotyls length at 18 , but the vigor index at 18掳C was more correct and reliable, whereas germination percentage could not be used to identify chilling resistance of seed.
2. From the chilling index of controlled low temperature conditions, significant negative correlation was observed between chilling index and chilling resistance of cultivars, and there was different in different cultivars. As the method was simple and easy to operate, the method could be used to fast method of appraising chilling resistance of eggplant at seedlings stage.
3. Electric conductivity percentage of eggplant leaves was determined using electric conductivity. Significant negative correlation was observed
between chilling resistance and electric conductivity percentage, and the difference was obvious among them. So the electric conductivity percentage at 5 could appraise the chilling resistance of eggplant at seedlings stage.
4. The effect of different low temperatures on soluble sugar content of eggplant seedlings was studied, significant positive correlation was observed between the content of soluble sugar and chilling resistance of cultivars, and there was certain different among them. The content of soluble sugar in the cultivars more resistant to chilling was higher than the less ones. The effect was not obvious to induce the soluble sugar at 15 . So the chilling resistance of cultivars could be represented by the content of soluble sugar in eggplant leaves at 5 .
5. The effect of different low temperatures on the content of Pro in eggplant seedlings was studied. There was different Pro content in different eggplant cultivars at normal temperature, and the difference had significant positive correlation with the chilling resistance of cultivars, but it was not obvious among cultivars. The cultivars with strong resistance to chilling were easily induced by low temperature. The Pro content and its change of cultivars could represent the chilling resistance under 5掳C treatment.
6. The effect of low temperature on membrane lipid peroxidation and protective enzyme system of eggplant was studied. With the decrease in temperature, the POD activity and MDA content were increased, while CAT activity was decreased and then increased again. The change of POD activity and MDA contents had significant negative correlation with chilling resistance of cultivars, and the difference was obvious among them. The cultivars with strong resistance to chilling had higher activities, less MDA content and less activities change. So it was feasible to appraise chilling resistance of different cultivars using the changes of POD activities and MDA contents.
7. The correlations of eight chilling resistance indices
本实验以8个不同类型的茄子为材料，研究了8种不同的抗冷性生理生化指标及指标间的相关性，从中筛选出3种简单、快速、有效的指标，并利用该指标对34份茄子材料进行了抗冷性鉴定。其主要研究结果如下：
1 研究了不同温度对茄子种子发芽力的影响。18℃下发芽指数和下胚轴长度均可用来鉴定茄子种子的抗冷性，但以18℃下的活力指数作为鉴定茄子的抗冷性更加准确、可靠，而发芽率不能用来鉴定茄子种子的抗冷性。
2 从人工模拟气候条件下的冷害指数来看，冷害指数与茄子的抗冷性呈显著的负相关，而且茄子间有一定的差异性。该方法简单、易操作，可将该方法作为快速鉴定茄子苗期抗冷性的参考指标。
3 利用电导法测定了茄子幼苗叶片电导百分率。5℃条件下的电导百分率与茄子的抗冷性呈显著负相关，而且茄子间的差异十分明显，以5℃下的电导百分率大小能较好地鉴定茄子苗期的抗冷性强弱。
4 研究了不同低温对茄子幼苗可溶性糖含量的影响。5℃条件下可溶性糖的含最与茄子的抗冷性呈极显著的正相关，且茄子间有一定的差异，抗冷性强的茄子可溶性糖的含量增加幅度要大于抗冷性弱的茄子。15℃的低温对可溶性糖的诱导效果不明显。可用5℃条件下茄子幼苗叶片可溶性
2001硕士学位论文
糖的含量大小代表茄子抗冷性强弱。
5研究了不同低温对茄子幼苗脯氨酸含量的影响。常温下不同茄子
脯氨酸含量存在着差异，这种差异表现在与茄子的抗冷性呈极显著的正相
关，但茄子I\lJ的差异性不明显。抗冷性强的茄子容易受低温诱导。5℃的
低温处理后，从各茄子的脯氨酸的含量和含量的变化即可看出茄子的抗冷
性强弱。
6研究了低温对茄子幼苗膜脂过氧化和保护酶系统变化的影响。随
温度降低，I)OD活性增高，MDA含量增大，以T活性先下降后上升，变化
较复杂。P()1)活性变化及MDA含量的变化均与茄子抗冷性呈显著负相关，
5℃下MDA的含量与茄子的抗冷性呈显著负相关，且茄子间的差异较明显。
抗冷性强的茄子活性较高，活性变化小，MDA含量少。用POD活性的变化
和MDA含量鉴定不同茄子的抗冷性是可行的。
7比较了8种抗冷性指标间的相关性。活力指数、冷害指数、电导
百分率、可溶性糖含量分别与其它指标间(除酶活性外)相关性比较好，
脯氨酸含最、酶活性及MDA的含最与其它指标间的相关性要差一些。
8利用己筛选出的3种抗冷性指标对34份茄子材料进行了抗冷性鉴
定，通过抗冷性隶属值和聚类分析，从中筛选出了11份抗冷性强的材料。
Eggplant (Solatium melongena L.) originated in southeast Asia and Indian, which had been cultivated for a long time in China. As it grows in warm climrte, it is usually subject to chilling and cold damage. With the increase in cultivated areas of protective cultivation year after year, eggplant cultivars resistant to chilling are badly need, but breeding materials with chilling resistance have to be provided for obtaining. Likewise, screening breading materials for chilling resistance need chilling resistance indices correspondly. Owing to the strict region of eggplant, the studies of eggplant chilling resistance were less advanced than tomato and pepper. So using simple, fast and correct methods and indices of chilling resistance can enhance the efficiency of identifying and screening materials and cultivars.
Eight different biochemical and physiological indices of chilling resistance and their correlations were studied using eight different eggplant cultivars, as a result of which three simple, fast and useful indices had been screened, chilling resistance of which thirty-four eggplant materials was then used to investigate. The main results were as follows:
1. Effect of different temperature on seed germination was studied. The chilling resistance appraisal of eggplant seed could be used germination index and hypocotyls length at 18 , but the vigor index at 18掳C was more correct and reliable, whereas germination percentage could not be used to identify chilling resistance of seed.
2. From the chilling index of controlled low temperature conditions, significant negative correlation was observed between chilling index and chilling resistance of cultivars, and there was different in different cultivars. As the method was simple and easy to operate, the method could be used to fast method of appraising chilling resistance of eggplant at seedlings stage.
3. Electric conductivity percentage of eggplant leaves was determined using electric conductivity. Significant negative correlation was observed
between chilling resistance and electric conductivity percentage, and the difference was obvious among them. So the electric conductivity percentage at 5 could appraise the chilling resistance of eggplant at seedlings stage.
4. The effect of different low temperatures on soluble sugar content of eggplant seedlings was studied, significant positive correlation was observed between the content of soluble sugar and chilling resistance of cultivars, and there was certain different among them. The content of soluble sugar in the cultivars more resistant to chilling was higher than the less ones. The effect was not obvious to induce the soluble sugar at 15 . So the chilling resistance of cultivars could be represented by the content of soluble sugar in eggplant leaves at 5 .
5. The effect of different low temperatures on the content of Pro in eggplant seedlings was studied. There was different Pro content in different eggplant cultivars at normal temperature, and the difference had significant positive correlation with the chilling resistance of cultivars, but it was not obvious among cultivars. The cultivars with strong resistance to chilling were easily induced by low temperature. The Pro content and its change of cultivars could represent the chilling resistance under 5掳C treatment.
6. The effect of low temperature on membrane lipid peroxidation and protective enzyme system of eggplant was studied. With the decrease in temperature, the POD activity and MDA content were increased, while CAT activity was decreased and then increased again. The change of POD activity and MDA contents had significant negative correlation with chilling resistance of cultivars, and the difference was obvious among them. The cultivars with strong resistance to chilling had higher activities, less MDA content and less activities change. So it was feasible to appraise chilling resistance of different cultivars using the changes of POD activities and MDA contents.
7. The correlations of eight chilling resistance indices
引文
1．中国农科院蔬菜花卉所主编．中国蔬菜栽培学．北京：农业出版社，1993．638
2．姚元干，杨建国．茄子新品种与优质高产栽培．北京：中国农业科技出版社，1993．17
3．魏毓棠，茄子．见：周长久，蔬菜种质资源概论．北京：农业大学出版社，1995．115
4．林密，沃金荣，渠永琴等．茄子育种研究现状及发展趋势．北方园艺，1997,(3)：31～32
5．方秀娟．尹彦，韩旭等．保护地黄瓜新品种中农5号的选育．中国蔬菜，1990，(3)：1～3
6．马德华．霍振荣，李淑菊等．保护地黄瓜新品种津优3号的选育．中国蔬菜,2000,(2)：23～25
7．孙洁波，丁犁平，赵华仑．保护地极早熟番茄陇番8号的选育．中国蔬菜,2000,(3)：21～33
8．张伟乔．何明，王丽娜．我国茄子砧木及嫁接栽培研究进展．辽宁农业科学，1998,(6)：30～32
9．斋藤隆．茄子．见：日本农山渔村文化协会，北京农业大学译，蔬菜生物生理学基础．北京：农业出版社，1985．281-294
10．王毅，杨宏福，李树德．园艺植物冷害和抗冷性研究——文献综述．园艺学报。1994．21(3)：239～244
11. Markhart HI. A H. chilling injury:a review of possible causes.1986,21(6):1329～1333
12．杨广东，张战备，郭瑜敏等．脂肪酸与青椒苗期和花期抗冷性关系．北方园艺，1999,(4)：1～2
13．王孝宣，李树德，东惠茹等．番茄品种耐寒性与ABA和可溶性糖含量的关系．园艺学报，1998,25(1)：56～60
14．邹志荣，陆帼一．辣椒种子萌发期耐冷性鉴定．西北农业大学学报，1995,23(1)：30～34
15．钱芝龙，丁犁平，曹寿椿等．辣椒苗期耐寒性鉴定及相关性状的研究．江苏农业学
报，1995，11(4)：55～58
16．刘勋甲，季娟．番茄不同大小幼曲的抗寒性研究．中国蔬菜，1994,(4)：34～35
17．钱芝龙，丁犁平，曹寿椿．低温胁迫对辣椒幼苗膜脂过氧化水平及保护酶活性的影响．园艺学报，1994,21(2)：203～204
18．邹志荣，陆帼一．低温对辣椒幼苗膜脂过氧化和保护酶系统变化的影响，西北农业学报，1994．3(3)：51～56
19．边静，胡迎雪．青椒耐低温弱光鉴定的初步研究．辽宁农业科学．1994,(4)：37～40
20．朱世东．茄果类幼苗低温伤害与膜脂过氧化作用．安徽农学院学报。1991，18(2)：141～146
21. Vernieri P, Pardossi A, Tognoni E Morphological and biochemical changes induced by cold-hardening in tomato Acta Hort, 1992,303:127～135
22．易金鑫，陈静华，杨起英．茄子苗期耐低温性鉴定方法初步研究．江苏农业科学．1998,(5)：51～53
23. Sebastiani L.Chilling resistance in eggplant in viro and in vitro evaluation of seedling growth. Agri Medi, 1997,127:3,275～481
24．简令成，吴素莹．植物抗寒性的细胞学研究—小麦越冬过程中细胞结构形态的变化．植物学报，1965，13(1)：1～15
25．简令成．生物膜与植物寒害和抗寒性的关系．植物学通报，1983，1(1)：17～23
26．简令成．植物抗寒机理研究的新进展．植物生理学报，1992,9(3)：17～22
27．许启新．陆世钧，余纪柱．黄瓜品种抗寒性的生理鉴定．上海蔬菜，1995,28～29
28．高述民，周燕．温度胁迫处理测定黄瓜幼苗的抗性．新疆农业科学，1993,(3)：123～125
29．顾增辉，宋剑陶．大豆抗冷性生理生化指标的筛选．中国农业科学，1992,25(4)：15～23
30．宋良图，宋国良，陶汉之．电导法测定甘蓝型油菜抗寒性的初步研究．安徽农业科学，1991，(1)：46～51
31．朱月林，曹寿椿，不结球白菜抗冷性鉴定及其相关性状的研究．园艺学报，1989，16(2)：127～131
32. Pall R E.Temperature-induced leakage from chilling-sensitive and chilling-resistance plants. Plant Physiol, 1981, 68:149～156
33．朱根海，朱培仁．小麦抗冻性的季节变化以及温度对锻炼的效应．南京农学院学报，1984,(2)：9～17
34. Gusta LV, Fowler DB. Factors affecting the cold survival of winter cereals. Can d
Plant Sci,1977, 57:213～219
35．王洪春．植物抗逆性与生物膜结构功能研究进展．植物生理学通讯，1985,(1)：60～64
36．邓令毅．葡萄的膜脂和脂肪酸组分与抗寒性关系的研究．植物生理学报，1982,8(3)：273～283
37. Lyons JM, Raison JK, Steponkus PL. Low temperature stress in crop plants. In:Lyons JM, Graham DJK, Raison. the role of the Membrane, New York, Academic Press, 1979.565～578
38．郭金铭．蔬菜叶膜脂肪酸组成的温度效应及其与抗寒性的关系．植物生理学报，1985，17(4)：319～327
39．汤佩松，戴云玲，梁演初，氰化氢对木薯块根含氰化物组织的耗氧及P~(32)吸收的影响．植物学报．1966,4(1)：34～40
40. Clarkson DT, Hall KC, Robarts JKM. Phospholipid composition and fatty acid desaturation in the roots of rye during acclimatization of low temperature. Planta,1980, 149:464～471
41．刘祖琪，张石城．植物抗性生理学．北京：中国农业出版社，1994．43～44
42．张爱民，孙其信．有关小麦抗寒生理的研究概况．国外农学—麦类作物，1985,6：32～35
43．孙孟健，李本湘．植物耐寒性及防寒技术．北京：学术书刊出版社,1989．93～159
44. Chen HH, Li HP. Biochemical changes in tuber-bearing solanum species in relation to frost hardiness during cold acclimation. Plant Physiol,1980, 66:414～421
45．李晓萍，郭俊彦．黄瓜幼苗发育及冷锻炼过程中子叶中的多肽变化．植物学报，1993,35(10)：766～771
46. Meza-Basso L, AIberdi M. Raynal M, et al. Changes in protein synthesis in rapeseed seedlings during a Iow temperature treatment. Plant Physiol,1986, 82:733～738
47. Murata N, Ishizaki-Nishizawa O, Higashi S,et al. Genetically engineered alteration in the chilling sensitivity of plants, Nature,1992,356(23):710～713
48. Hightower R, Baden C, Penzes E, ct al. Expression of antifreeze proteins in transgenic plants.Plant Mol Bid, 1991,17:1013～1021
49. Georges F,Saleem M, Cutler AJ. Design and cloning of a synthetic gene for the flounder antifreeze protein and its expression in plant cells.Gene,1990, 91:159～169
50. Yelenosky G. Accumulation of free proline in citrus leares during cold hardening of
ycung Trees in countro ued temperature regimes. Plant Physiol,1979, 64(3):425～427
51．高煜珠．对瑞典植物生理学科的专业考察报告．植物生理学通讯，1987，(1)：53
52．汤章成．逆境条件下植物脯氨数和累积及其可能的意义．植物生理学通讯．1984．(1)：15～21
53．郭绍川，刘玲玉．脯氨酸含量在作物低温锻炼中的变化及同抗寒性的关系．西北植物研究，1984,4(1)：45～50
54．陈翠莲．马平福．抗冷性不同的小麦、水稻品种脯氨酸含量的比较试验．华中农业大学学报，1998,8(2)：176～179
55．汤章成．水分胁迫的高梁幼苗内游离脯氨酸的积累及其作用．植物生理学报。1989，15(1)：105～110
56．孙中海．柑桔抗寒性的生理生化指标研究．[博士学位论文]．武汉，华中农业大学，1998
57. Yelenosky G. Cold hardening "Valecia" orange trees to tolerate -6.7℃ without injuring. Amer Soc Hort Sci.1987,103:1449～452
58．刘祖琪，林定波．植物抗寒分子生物研究进展．南京农业大学报，1993，16(1)：113～120
59．刘祖琪，张连华．用放射免疫法分析柑桔抗寒锻炼中游离和结合态脱落酸的变化．园艺学报，1990，17(3)：197～202
60. Chen HH, Li PH, Brenner ML. Involvement of abscisic acid in patato cold acclimation. Plant Physioi,1983, 71:362～365
61. Chen HH ,Li PH, In:Li PH, Sakai A,(EDS). Plant cold hardiness and freezing stress, Mechanisms and crop implication, vol 2, New York: Academy Press, 1982,5～22
62. Guerrero F. Mullet JE. Increased abscisic acid biosynthesis during plant dehydration requires transcription. Plant Physiol 1986, 80:588～591
63. Vernieri P, Tognoni F, Endogenos ABA, PA and DPA levers in chilled tomato seedings. Acta Hort. 1988,229:415～419
64. Boussiba S, Rikin A, Richmond AE. The role of abscisic acid in cross-adaptation of tobacco plants. Plant Physiol, 1975, 56:337～339
65. Gihnour SJ, Thomashow MF. Cold acclimation and cold-regulated gene expression in ABA mutants of arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol, 1991,17:1233～1240
66. Chen THH and Gusta LV. Abscisic acid-induced freezing resistance in cultured
plant cells. Plant Physiol,1983, 73:71～75
67. Lafuente MT. Effect of temperature conditioning on chilling injury of cucumber cotyledons.Plant Physiol,1991, 95(2):443-449
68．王建华．刘鸿先，徐同等．越氧化物歧化酶在植物逆境衰老生理中的作用．植物生理通讯．1989．(1)：1～7
69．刘鸿先．曾韶西．王以柔等．低温对不同耐寒力的黄瓜幼苗子叶各细胞器中超氧物歧化酶SOD的影响．植物生理学报．1985．11(1)：48～55
70．王以柔，刘鸿先．李平等．在光照和照暗条件下低温对水稻幼苗光合器官膜脂过氧化作用的影响．植物生理学报，1998，12(3)：244～251
71．陈贻竹．B·帕特森．低温对植物叶片中超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化氢和过氧化氢水平的影响．植物生理学报，1985,(11)：48～57
72．侯峰，沈文云，吕淑珍．黄瓜幼曲耐寒性鉴定方法研究．见：李树德，中国主要蔬菜抗病育种进展．北京：科学出版社，1995．474～477
73．朱其杰，高守云，蔡洙湖等．黄瓜耐冷性鉴定指标及遗传规律的研究．见：李树德，中国主要蔬菜抗病育种进展．北京：科学出版社，1995．457～462
74．王孝宣，李树德，东惠茹等．低温胁迫下对番茄苗期和花期若干性状的影响．园艺学报，1996,23(4)：349～354
75．吴竞仓，蒋荷，王根来等．水稻种质资源耐冷性鉴定研究．江苏农业科学，1996,(2)：10～12
76．顾增辉，徐本美，郑光华．测定种子活力方法之探讨Ⅱ——发芽的生理测定性．种子，1982，(3)：11～17
77．郭泰，齐宁，刘忠堂等．大豆品种资源及杂种F2利F3种子萌发期耐冷性鉴定，黑龙江农业科学，1995，(1)6～8
78．郭泰，刘忠堂．大豆不同基因组合F2、F3种子萌发期耐冷性的研究．中国油料，1994，16(2)：64,69
79．李育军，赵玉田，常汝镇等．大豆抗冷性研究．中国油料，1991，(4)：85，88
80．李育军，常汝镇，赵玉田等，大豆抗冷性研究．中国油料，1989，(4)：41～43
81. Liu MC.Improving chilling resistance of cucumber seedlings through the treatment of germinating seed. Acta Agri Bore Sin,1994, 9(4):23～26
82．谷崇光，电导百分率测定黄瓜耐热性．上海蔬菜，1991，(1)：33～34
83．李合生主编，植物生理生化实验原理和技术．北京：高等教育出版社，2000．164～167，195～197,258～261
84．刘学义，大豆抗旱性评定方法探讨．中国油料，1986(4)：23～26
85．王荣富．植物抗寒性指标的种类及其应用．植物生理学通讯，1987，(3)：49～55
86. Dexler SJ. Tottingham WE, Graber LF. Investigations of tile hardiness of plants by measurment of electric conductivity. Plant Physiol, 1932, 7:63～78
87．朱月林．曹寿椿，刘祖琪．致死低温确定法的改进及其在不结球白菜上的验证．园艺学报，1988，15(1)：51～56
88. Sukumaran V P, Weiser CJ. An excised leaflet test for evaluating potato forst tolerance. Hortsicence,1972, 7:467～468
2．姚元干，杨建国．茄子新品种与优质高产栽培．北京：中国农业科技出版社，1993．17
3．魏毓棠，茄子．见：周长久，蔬菜种质资源概论．北京：农业大学出版社，1995．115
4．林密，沃金荣，渠永琴等．茄子育种研究现状及发展趋势．北方园艺，1997,(3)：31～32
5．方秀娟．尹彦，韩旭等．保护地黄瓜新品种中农5号的选育．中国蔬菜，1990，(3)：1～3
6．马德华．霍振荣，李淑菊等．保护地黄瓜新品种津优3号的选育．中国蔬菜,2000,(2)：23～25
7．孙洁波，丁犁平，赵华仑．保护地极早熟番茄陇番8号的选育．中国蔬菜,2000,(3)：21～33
8．张伟乔．何明，王丽娜．我国茄子砧木及嫁接栽培研究进展．辽宁农业科学，1998,(6)：30～32
9．斋藤隆．茄子．见：日本农山渔村文化协会，北京农业大学译，蔬菜生物生理学基础．北京：农业出版社，1985．281-294
10．王毅，杨宏福，李树德．园艺植物冷害和抗冷性研究——文献综述．园艺学报。1994．21(3)：239～244
11. Markhart HI. A H. chilling injury:a review of possible causes.1986,21(6):1329～1333
12．杨广东，张战备，郭瑜敏等．脂肪酸与青椒苗期和花期抗冷性关系．北方园艺，1999,(4)：1～2
13．王孝宣，李树德，东惠茹等．番茄品种耐寒性与ABA和可溶性糖含量的关系．园艺学报，1998,25(1)：56～60
14．邹志荣，陆帼一．辣椒种子萌发期耐冷性鉴定．西北农业大学学报，1995,23(1)：30～34
15．钱芝龙，丁犁平，曹寿椿等．辣椒苗期耐寒性鉴定及相关性状的研究．江苏农业学
报，1995，11(4)：55～58
16．刘勋甲，季娟．番茄不同大小幼曲的抗寒性研究．中国蔬菜，1994,(4)：34～35
17．钱芝龙，丁犁平，曹寿椿．低温胁迫对辣椒幼苗膜脂过氧化水平及保护酶活性的影响．园艺学报，1994,21(2)：203～204
18．邹志荣，陆帼一．低温对辣椒幼苗膜脂过氧化和保护酶系统变化的影响，西北农业学报，1994．3(3)：51～56
19．边静，胡迎雪．青椒耐低温弱光鉴定的初步研究．辽宁农业科学．1994,(4)：37～40
20．朱世东．茄果类幼苗低温伤害与膜脂过氧化作用．安徽农学院学报。1991，18(2)：141～146
21. Vernieri P, Pardossi A, Tognoni E Morphological and biochemical changes induced by cold-hardening in tomato Acta Hort, 1992,303:127～135
22．易金鑫，陈静华，杨起英．茄子苗期耐低温性鉴定方法初步研究．江苏农业科学．1998,(5)：51～53
23. Sebastiani L.Chilling resistance in eggplant in viro and in vitro evaluation of seedling growth. Agri Medi, 1997,127:3,275～481
24．简令成，吴素莹．植物抗寒性的细胞学研究—小麦越冬过程中细胞结构形态的变化．植物学报，1965，13(1)：1～15
25．简令成．生物膜与植物寒害和抗寒性的关系．植物学通报，1983，1(1)：17～23
26．简令成．植物抗寒机理研究的新进展．植物生理学报，1992,9(3)：17～22
27．许启新．陆世钧，余纪柱．黄瓜品种抗寒性的生理鉴定．上海蔬菜，1995,28～29
28．高述民，周燕．温度胁迫处理测定黄瓜幼苗的抗性．新疆农业科学，1993,(3)：123～125
29．顾增辉，宋剑陶．大豆抗冷性生理生化指标的筛选．中国农业科学，1992,25(4)：15～23
30．宋良图，宋国良，陶汉之．电导法测定甘蓝型油菜抗寒性的初步研究．安徽农业科学，1991，(1)：46～51
31．朱月林，曹寿椿，不结球白菜抗冷性鉴定及其相关性状的研究．园艺学报，1989，16(2)：127～131
32. Pall R E.Temperature-induced leakage from chilling-sensitive and chilling-resistance plants. Plant Physiol, 1981, 68:149～156
33．朱根海，朱培仁．小麦抗冻性的季节变化以及温度对锻炼的效应．南京农学院学报，1984,(2)：9～17
34. Gusta LV, Fowler DB. Factors affecting the cold survival of winter cereals. Can d
Plant Sci,1977, 57:213～219
35．王洪春．植物抗逆性与生物膜结构功能研究进展．植物生理学通讯，1985,(1)：60～64
36．邓令毅．葡萄的膜脂和脂肪酸组分与抗寒性关系的研究．植物生理学报，1982,8(3)：273～283
37. Lyons JM, Raison JK, Steponkus PL. Low temperature stress in crop plants. In:Lyons JM, Graham DJK, Raison. the role of the Membrane, New York, Academic Press, 1979.565～578
38．郭金铭．蔬菜叶膜脂肪酸组成的温度效应及其与抗寒性的关系．植物生理学报，1985，17(4)：319～327
39．汤佩松，戴云玲，梁演初，氰化氢对木薯块根含氰化物组织的耗氧及P~(32)吸收的影响．植物学报．1966,4(1)：34～40
40. Clarkson DT, Hall KC, Robarts JKM. Phospholipid composition and fatty acid desaturation in the roots of rye during acclimatization of low temperature. Planta,1980, 149:464～471
41．刘祖琪，张石城．植物抗性生理学．北京：中国农业出版社，1994．43～44
42．张爱民，孙其信．有关小麦抗寒生理的研究概况．国外农学—麦类作物，1985,6：32～35
43．孙孟健，李本湘．植物耐寒性及防寒技术．北京：学术书刊出版社,1989．93～159
44. Chen HH, Li HP. Biochemical changes in tuber-bearing solanum species in relation to frost hardiness during cold acclimation. Plant Physiol,1980, 66:414～421
45．李晓萍，郭俊彦．黄瓜幼苗发育及冷锻炼过程中子叶中的多肽变化．植物学报，1993,35(10)：766～771
46. Meza-Basso L, AIberdi M. Raynal M, et al. Changes in protein synthesis in rapeseed seedlings during a Iow temperature treatment. Plant Physiol,1986, 82:733～738
47. Murata N, Ishizaki-Nishizawa O, Higashi S,et al. Genetically engineered alteration in the chilling sensitivity of plants, Nature,1992,356(23):710～713
48. Hightower R, Baden C, Penzes E, ct al. Expression of antifreeze proteins in transgenic plants.Plant Mol Bid, 1991,17:1013～1021
49. Georges F,Saleem M, Cutler AJ. Design and cloning of a synthetic gene for the flounder antifreeze protein and its expression in plant cells.Gene,1990, 91:159～169
50. Yelenosky G. Accumulation of free proline in citrus leares during cold hardening of
ycung Trees in countro ued temperature regimes. Plant Physiol,1979, 64(3):425～427
51．高煜珠．对瑞典植物生理学科的专业考察报告．植物生理学通讯，1987，(1)：53
52．汤章成．逆境条件下植物脯氨数和累积及其可能的意义．植物生理学通讯．1984．(1)：15～21
53．郭绍川，刘玲玉．脯氨酸含量在作物低温锻炼中的变化及同抗寒性的关系．西北植物研究，1984,4(1)：45～50
54．陈翠莲．马平福．抗冷性不同的小麦、水稻品种脯氨酸含量的比较试验．华中农业大学学报，1998,8(2)：176～179
55．汤章成．水分胁迫的高梁幼苗内游离脯氨酸的积累及其作用．植物生理学报。1989，15(1)：105～110
56．孙中海．柑桔抗寒性的生理生化指标研究．[博士学位论文]．武汉，华中农业大学，1998
57. Yelenosky G. Cold hardening "Valecia" orange trees to tolerate -6.7℃ without injuring. Amer Soc Hort Sci.1987,103:1449～452
58．刘祖琪，林定波．植物抗寒分子生物研究进展．南京农业大学报，1993，16(1)：113～120
59．刘祖琪，张连华．用放射免疫法分析柑桔抗寒锻炼中游离和结合态脱落酸的变化．园艺学报，1990，17(3)：197～202
60. Chen HH, Li PH, Brenner ML. Involvement of abscisic acid in patato cold acclimation. Plant Physioi,1983, 71:362～365
61. Chen HH ,Li PH, In:Li PH, Sakai A,(EDS). Plant cold hardiness and freezing stress, Mechanisms and crop implication, vol 2, New York: Academy Press, 1982,5～22
62. Guerrero F. Mullet JE. Increased abscisic acid biosynthesis during plant dehydration requires transcription. Plant Physiol 1986, 80:588～591
63. Vernieri P, Tognoni F, Endogenos ABA, PA and DPA levers in chilled tomato seedings. Acta Hort. 1988,229:415～419
64. Boussiba S, Rikin A, Richmond AE. The role of abscisic acid in cross-adaptation of tobacco plants. Plant Physiol, 1975, 56:337～339
65. Gihnour SJ, Thomashow MF. Cold acclimation and cold-regulated gene expression in ABA mutants of arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol, 1991,17:1233～1240
66. Chen THH and Gusta LV. Abscisic acid-induced freezing resistance in cultured
plant cells. Plant Physiol,1983, 73:71～75
67. Lafuente MT. Effect of temperature conditioning on chilling injury of cucumber cotyledons.Plant Physiol,1991, 95(2):443-449
68．王建华．刘鸿先，徐同等．越氧化物歧化酶在植物逆境衰老生理中的作用．植物生理通讯．1989．(1)：1～7
69．刘鸿先．曾韶西．王以柔等．低温对不同耐寒力的黄瓜幼苗子叶各细胞器中超氧物歧化酶SOD的影响．植物生理学报．1985．11(1)：48～55
70．王以柔，刘鸿先．李平等．在光照和照暗条件下低温对水稻幼苗光合器官膜脂过氧化作用的影响．植物生理学报，1998，12(3)：244～251
71．陈贻竹．B·帕特森．低温对植物叶片中超氧化物歧化酶，过氧化氢和过氧化氢水平的影响．植物生理学报，1985,(11)：48～57
72．侯峰，沈文云，吕淑珍．黄瓜幼曲耐寒性鉴定方法研究．见：李树德，中国主要蔬菜抗病育种进展．北京：科学出版社，1995．474～477
73．朱其杰，高守云，蔡洙湖等．黄瓜耐冷性鉴定指标及遗传规律的研究．见：李树德，中国主要蔬菜抗病育种进展．北京：科学出版社，1995．457～462
74．王孝宣，李树德，东惠茹等．低温胁迫下对番茄苗期和花期若干性状的影响．园艺学报，1996,23(4)：349～354
75．吴竞仓，蒋荷，王根来等．水稻种质资源耐冷性鉴定研究．江苏农业科学，1996,(2)：10～12
76．顾增辉，徐本美，郑光华．测定种子活力方法之探讨Ⅱ——发芽的生理测定性．种子，1982，(3)：11～17
77．郭泰，齐宁，刘忠堂等．大豆品种资源及杂种F2利F3种子萌发期耐冷性鉴定，黑龙江农业科学，1995，(1)6～8
78．郭泰，刘忠堂．大豆不同基因组合F2、F3种子萌发期耐冷性的研究．中国油料，1994，16(2)：64,69
79．李育军，赵玉田，常汝镇等．大豆抗冷性研究．中国油料，1991，(4)：85，88
80．李育军，常汝镇，赵玉田等，大豆抗冷性研究．中国油料，1989，(4)：41～43
81. Liu MC.Improving chilling resistance of cucumber seedlings through the treatment of germinating seed. Acta Agri Bore Sin,1994, 9(4):23～26
82．谷崇光，电导百分率测定黄瓜耐热性．上海蔬菜，1991，(1)：33～34
83．李合生主编，植物生理生化实验原理和技术．北京：高等教育出版社，2000．164～167，195～197,258～261
84．刘学义，大豆抗旱性评定方法探讨．中国油料，1986(4)：23～26
85．王荣富．植物抗寒性指标的种类及其应用．植物生理学通讯，1987，(3)：49～55
86. Dexler SJ. Tottingham WE, Graber LF. Investigations of tile hardiness of plants by measurment of electric conductivity. Plant Physiol, 1932, 7:63～78
87．朱月林．曹寿椿，刘祖琪．致死低温确定法的改进及其在不结球白菜上的验证．园艺学报，1988，15(1)：51～56
88. Sukumaran V P, Weiser CJ. An excised leaflet test for evaluating potato forst tolerance. Hortsicence,1972, 7:467～468