基于微粒群算法的桥梁吊杆索力优化
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摘要
在传统的桥梁结构设计工作中,设计者根据实际经验及设计要求,参考已有类似设计来判断和构思设计方案,进行强度、刚度及稳定度的计算。但受制于设计者自身经验和设计水平,最终方案未必是最理想的最优方案。桥梁结构优化理论是传统桥梁设计理论的重大发展,涉及桥梁结构理论,优化理论以及计算机程序设计的多学科交叉,已成为现代桥梁设计不可或缺的重要手段。它要求桥梁结构所有因量部分以变量形式出现,在满足规范的前提下,得到桥梁设计的可行方案域,并且利用数学手段,满足预定要求寻找最优方案。在计算机速度不断提高的条件下,群智能算法在结构优化设计中具有不可低估的发展潜力和重要的研究价值。粒子群算法原理简单,易于实现,没有复杂的编码运算,还具有全局收敛性和内在的并行性,可以应用于桥梁结构优化设计。
本文利用Ansys参数化编程语言APDL ,建立黄沙河梁拱组合体系桥梁计算模型,调用Matlab微粒群优化工具箱,分别以最小弯曲能量法、零位移法、弯矩最小法作为优化目标函数,借助罚函数,把有约束条件转化为无约束问题,实现了多种目标函数下的吊杆索力优化,并对不同的优化结果进行对比,选出满足设计需求的一组最优吊杆力,避免了繁琐的手工调索过程,大大提高了工作效率,并对其他类似桥梁的优化设计提供了指导性意见。
During routine bridge design, designers conceive design scheme by referring to similar designs,basing on the design requirement and their experience. Then they made a judgment of meeting the strength,stiffness and stability.Because of the limited experience,the final design may not be the optimal solution. Bridge design optimization theory is the major development of traditional theory and the method of the modern bridge, involving in the bridge structure theory, optimization theory and programming design.Increasing computer speed, swarm intelligence algorithm own the development potential and the important research value. The Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) is simple, easy to implement, no complicated coding operations.At the same time, Global optimization and connotative parallel searching is one of its most important characteristics.So PSO has been apply into optimal design of bridge structure.
With ANSYS-APDL programming language as a research approach in forward analysis PSO is applied to build the inverse analysis model in the research of Huang Sha He beam-arch association bridge.In this thesis, selecting Minimum bending energy method, Zero-displacement method and Moment minimization method as Objective function and Converting constraints into the unconstrained, selecte a set of optimal tensile force to meet the design requirements.It It reduces manpower,shortens time and improves work efficiency,which provide a convenient for other similar analysis or calculation.
本文利用Ansys参数化编程语言APDL ,建立黄沙河梁拱组合体系桥梁计算模型,调用Matlab微粒群优化工具箱,分别以最小弯曲能量法、零位移法、弯矩最小法作为优化目标函数,借助罚函数,把有约束条件转化为无约束问题,实现了多种目标函数下的吊杆索力优化,并对不同的优化结果进行对比,选出满足设计需求的一组最优吊杆力,避免了繁琐的手工调索过程,大大提高了工作效率,并对其他类似桥梁的优化设计提供了指导性意见。
During routine bridge design, designers conceive design scheme by referring to similar designs,basing on the design requirement and their experience. Then they made a judgment of meeting the strength,stiffness and stability.Because of the limited experience,the final design may not be the optimal solution. Bridge design optimization theory is the major development of traditional theory and the method of the modern bridge, involving in the bridge structure theory, optimization theory and programming design.Increasing computer speed, swarm intelligence algorithm own the development potential and the important research value. The Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) is simple, easy to implement, no complicated coding operations.At the same time, Global optimization and connotative parallel searching is one of its most important characteristics.So PSO has been apply into optimal design of bridge structure.
With ANSYS-APDL programming language as a research approach in forward analysis PSO is applied to build the inverse analysis model in the research of Huang Sha He beam-arch association bridge.In this thesis, selecting Minimum bending energy method, Zero-displacement method and Moment minimization method as Objective function and Converting constraints into the unconstrained, selecte a set of optimal tensile force to meet the design requirements.It It reduces manpower,shortens time and improves work efficiency,which provide a convenient for other similar analysis or calculation.
引文
[1]卢宝春,姜凤臣,周庆生.基于工程结构的优化设计方法[J].油气田地面工程, 2004,(06)
[2]夏利娟,郑靖明,金咸定.工程结构的优化设计方法及应用.上海交通大学学报. 2002, 36(11).
[3]邓杨芳.优化理论及ANSYS程序在桥梁优化设计中的应用研究[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆交通大学, 2009.
[4]易云焜,李添润,瞿尔仁.桥梁结构的优化设计.工程建设与档案, 2005.
[5]尹世平,鹿晓阳,李洪福.桥梁结构优化设计的发展概况.山东建筑工程学院学报,2004,19(4).
[6]陈东霞.桥梁结构优化设计浅析.建材与装饰, 2008.袁代林.改进的微粒群算法及其在结构拓扑优化中的应用[博士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学, 2003.
[7]禹智涛,韩大建.基于可靠度的桥梁结构优化设计.广东工业大学学报, 2002.
[8]刘华蓥,林玉娥,王淑云.粒子群算法的改进及其在求解约束优化问题中的应用.吉林大学学报, 2005.
[9]詹森,杨彦军.大跨度桥梁结构优化设计综述,山西建筑,2009,35(7).
[10]张威.MATLAB基础与编程入门[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.
[11]郎俊江. MATLAB优化工具箱在斜拉桥索力调整中的应用.建筑与工程, 2010.
[12]唐密,左德中.综合法初定斜拉桥合理成桥状态.交通科技, 2010.
[13]程进,江见鲸,肖汝诚. ANSYS二次开发技术及在确定斜拉桥成桥初始恒载索力中的应用.公路交通科技, 2002.
[14] Wenyan Tang,Liyong Tong,Yuanxian Gu [C]. International Journal for Numerieal Methods in Engineering 2005:62:1737-1746
[15] Cheng G D,Wang Y F. On Singular Topologies and Related Optimization Algorithm[C].Topology Optimization of Struetures and Composite Contina ,2000,133-147
[16] Rajan SD. Sizing, shape and topology design optimization of truss using genetic algorithm[J]. Journal of Struetural Engineering 1995
[17] Hoback A S.Optimization of Singular Problems[J].Struetural Optimization 1996,12:93-97
[18] Kennedy,J. and Eberhart,R.C. Particle swarm optimization[J]. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks,Piscataway,NJ.pp.1942-1948,1995.
[19] LIPSON S L,GWIN L B. Diserete sizing of trussesfor optimal geometry[J].ASCE J Struct Div,1977,103(5):1031-1046
[20]李爱国,覃征,鲍复民等.粒子群优化算法.博士论坛, 2002.林柏章.新型梁拱组合体系桥梁造型及结构内力影响研究.公路交通科技, 2009.
[21]博嘉科技.有限元分析软件:ANSYS融汇与贯通[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.
[22]李剑,王乘.一种改进的自适应微粒群优化算法.华中科技大学学报.2008,36.刘羽宇,葛玉梅.大跨下承式连续梁拱组合式桥有限元分析. 2007年第九届全国振动理论及应用学术会议论文集, 2007.
[23]程斌,曲年国.基于APDL参数化语言的斜拉桥的索力优化.黑龙江科技信息, 2004.
[24]李晶,鹿晓阳,陈世英.结构优化理论与方法研究进展.工程建设, 2007,39(6).
[25]邢艳洪.基于ANSYS二次开发的电梯参数化有限元分析系统[D].沈阳:东北大学, 2006.
[26] Aehtziger-W.,Bendsoe,M.P.Ben-Tal,etal.Equivalent displaeement based formulatio -ns for maximum strength truss topology design[J]. Impact of Computing in Seience and Engineering,1992,4(4):315-345
[27] Chung,J.&Lee,K. Optimal design of rib struetures using the topology optimization teehnique[J]. Proc. Instn.Mech. Engrs,1997,211:425-437.
[28] Bendsoe,M.P.,& Kikuchi,N. Generating optimal topologies in struetural design using a homogenization method[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics andEngineering,1988,71(2):197-224
[29] H.P.Mlejnek.R.Schirrmaeher.Engineer’s approach to optimal material distribution and shape finding[J]. Compute Methods Appl. Mech Engrg,1993,106:1-26
[30]尚晓江,邱峰,赵海峰等. ANSYS结构有限元高级分析方法与范例应用[M] .北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[31]王学文,杨兆建,段雷. ANSYS优化设计若干问题探讨.塑性工程学报.2007,14(6).
[32]芮钧,陈守伦. MATLAB粒子群算法工具箱求解水电站优化调度问题.中国农村水利水电,2009.
[33]梁军.粒子群算法在最优化问题中的研究[硕士学位论文].广西:广西师范大学, 2008.
[34]李的平.梁拱组合桥吊杆成桥索力优化分析.黑龙江科技信息, 2010.
[35]樊玮.粒子群优化方法及其实现.航空计算技术. 2004,34(3).
[36]刘跃华.梁拱组合式桥梁吊杆内力的优化分析.中国市政工程, 2006,5.
[37]叶建龙,孙建渊,石洞等.梁拱组合桥柔性吊杆张拉力的确定及分析.城市道桥与防洪, 1999.
[38]张昭.基于微粒群算法和均匀RBF响应面的坝工结构反分析研究[硕士学位论文].河北:河北农业大学,2008.
[39]张忠伟.结构优化中粒子群算法的研究与应用[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2009.
[40]易云焜.梁拱组合体系设计理论关键问题研究[博士学位论文].上海:同济大学,2007.
[41]冒琴.梁拱组合桥吊杆成桥索力的确定.中外公路. 2007,27(3).
[42]王为圣,赵荣高,李峰辉.斜拉桥成桥索力确定在ANSYS中的实现.重庆交通大学学报. 2007,26(5).
[43]王洪超.连续梁拱组合体系桥梁设计参数分析.岩土工程界.2006.
[44]李健,辛克贵,张崇厚等.梁拱组合体系桥梁的设计实例.河北工程大学学报.2008,25(1).
[45]寿纪麟,韩祥柱.非光滑规划的精确罚函数[J].西安交通大学学报, 1991,(03)
[46]曾建潮,崔志华等.微粒群算法:科学出版社, 2004.
[47] X1e.Y.M.,Steven.G.P. Evolutionary StruCtural optimization[M]. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer,1997.
[48] Feng Enmin,Wangxilu, Wang xinmei. etal, An a1gorithm of g1oba1 optimization for so1ving layout problem[J]. Euro J of Opera ReS,1999,114(2):430-436.
[49] S.H.Ju. Statistical analyses of effective lengths in steel arch bridges. Computers and Structures,2003(81)
[50] N.Hussian and I.Wilson.The Hume Arch Bridge,Manchester,Civil Engineerin -g ,1999,132,Feb.11640,2-13
[2]夏利娟,郑靖明,金咸定.工程结构的优化设计方法及应用.上海交通大学学报. 2002, 36(11).
[3]邓杨芳.优化理论及ANSYS程序在桥梁优化设计中的应用研究[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆交通大学, 2009.
[4]易云焜,李添润,瞿尔仁.桥梁结构的优化设计.工程建设与档案, 2005.
[5]尹世平,鹿晓阳,李洪福.桥梁结构优化设计的发展概况.山东建筑工程学院学报,2004,19(4).
[6]陈东霞.桥梁结构优化设计浅析.建材与装饰, 2008.袁代林.改进的微粒群算法及其在结构拓扑优化中的应用[博士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学, 2003.
[7]禹智涛,韩大建.基于可靠度的桥梁结构优化设计.广东工业大学学报, 2002.
[8]刘华蓥,林玉娥,王淑云.粒子群算法的改进及其在求解约束优化问题中的应用.吉林大学学报, 2005.
[9]詹森,杨彦军.大跨度桥梁结构优化设计综述,山西建筑,2009,35(7).
[10]张威.MATLAB基础与编程入门[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004.
[11]郎俊江. MATLAB优化工具箱在斜拉桥索力调整中的应用.建筑与工程, 2010.
[12]唐密,左德中.综合法初定斜拉桥合理成桥状态.交通科技, 2010.
[13]程进,江见鲸,肖汝诚. ANSYS二次开发技术及在确定斜拉桥成桥初始恒载索力中的应用.公路交通科技, 2002.
[14] Wenyan Tang,Liyong Tong,Yuanxian Gu [C]. International Journal for Numerieal Methods in Engineering 2005:62:1737-1746
[15] Cheng G D,Wang Y F. On Singular Topologies and Related Optimization Algorithm[C].Topology Optimization of Struetures and Composite Contina ,2000,133-147
[16] Rajan SD. Sizing, shape and topology design optimization of truss using genetic algorithm[J]. Journal of Struetural Engineering 1995
[17] Hoback A S.Optimization of Singular Problems[J].Struetural Optimization 1996,12:93-97
[18] Kennedy,J. and Eberhart,R.C. Particle swarm optimization[J]. Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks,Piscataway,NJ.pp.1942-1948,1995.
[19] LIPSON S L,GWIN L B. Diserete sizing of trussesfor optimal geometry[J].ASCE J Struct Div,1977,103(5):1031-1046
[20]李爱国,覃征,鲍复民等.粒子群优化算法.博士论坛, 2002.林柏章.新型梁拱组合体系桥梁造型及结构内力影响研究.公路交通科技, 2009.
[21]博嘉科技.有限元分析软件:ANSYS融汇与贯通[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2002.
[22]李剑,王乘.一种改进的自适应微粒群优化算法.华中科技大学学报.2008,36.刘羽宇,葛玉梅.大跨下承式连续梁拱组合式桥有限元分析. 2007年第九届全国振动理论及应用学术会议论文集, 2007.
[23]程斌,曲年国.基于APDL参数化语言的斜拉桥的索力优化.黑龙江科技信息, 2004.
[24]李晶,鹿晓阳,陈世英.结构优化理论与方法研究进展.工程建设, 2007,39(6).
[25]邢艳洪.基于ANSYS二次开发的电梯参数化有限元分析系统[D].沈阳:东北大学, 2006.
[26] Aehtziger-W.,Bendsoe,M.P.Ben-Tal,etal.Equivalent displaeement based formulatio -ns for maximum strength truss topology design[J]. Impact of Computing in Seience and Engineering,1992,4(4):315-345
[27] Chung,J.&Lee,K. Optimal design of rib struetures using the topology optimization teehnique[J]. Proc. Instn.Mech. Engrs,1997,211:425-437.
[28] Bendsoe,M.P.,& Kikuchi,N. Generating optimal topologies in struetural design using a homogenization method[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics andEngineering,1988,71(2):197-224
[29] H.P.Mlejnek.R.Schirrmaeher.Engineer’s approach to optimal material distribution and shape finding[J]. Compute Methods Appl. Mech Engrg,1993,106:1-26
[30]尚晓江,邱峰,赵海峰等. ANSYS结构有限元高级分析方法与范例应用[M] .北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[31]王学文,杨兆建,段雷. ANSYS优化设计若干问题探讨.塑性工程学报.2007,14(6).
[32]芮钧,陈守伦. MATLAB粒子群算法工具箱求解水电站优化调度问题.中国农村水利水电,2009.
[33]梁军.粒子群算法在最优化问题中的研究[硕士学位论文].广西:广西师范大学, 2008.
[34]李的平.梁拱组合桥吊杆成桥索力优化分析.黑龙江科技信息, 2010.
[35]樊玮.粒子群优化方法及其实现.航空计算技术. 2004,34(3).
[36]刘跃华.梁拱组合式桥梁吊杆内力的优化分析.中国市政工程, 2006,5.
[37]叶建龙,孙建渊,石洞等.梁拱组合桥柔性吊杆张拉力的确定及分析.城市道桥与防洪, 1999.
[38]张昭.基于微粒群算法和均匀RBF响应面的坝工结构反分析研究[硕士学位论文].河北:河北农业大学,2008.
[39]张忠伟.结构优化中粒子群算法的研究与应用[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2009.
[40]易云焜.梁拱组合体系设计理论关键问题研究[博士学位论文].上海:同济大学,2007.
[41]冒琴.梁拱组合桥吊杆成桥索力的确定.中外公路. 2007,27(3).
[42]王为圣,赵荣高,李峰辉.斜拉桥成桥索力确定在ANSYS中的实现.重庆交通大学学报. 2007,26(5).
[43]王洪超.连续梁拱组合体系桥梁设计参数分析.岩土工程界.2006.
[44]李健,辛克贵,张崇厚等.梁拱组合体系桥梁的设计实例.河北工程大学学报.2008,25(1).
[45]寿纪麟,韩祥柱.非光滑规划的精确罚函数[J].西安交通大学学报, 1991,(03)
[46]曾建潮,崔志华等.微粒群算法:科学出版社, 2004.
[47] X1e.Y.M.,Steven.G.P. Evolutionary StruCtural optimization[M]. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer,1997.
[48] Feng Enmin,Wangxilu, Wang xinmei. etal, An a1gorithm of g1oba1 optimization for so1ving layout problem[J]. Euro J of Opera ReS,1999,114(2):430-436.
[49] S.H.Ju. Statistical analyses of effective lengths in steel arch bridges. Computers and Structures,2003(81)
[50] N.Hussian and I.Wilson.The Hume Arch Bridge,Manchester,Civil Engineerin -g ,1999,132,Feb.11640,2-13