高速公路交通噪声测量方法的研究
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摘要
高速公路运营期间产生的交通噪声,给周边地区居民产生了不利影响,需要对高速公路交通噪声进行测量、评价和治理。但是,我国尚没有专门的高速公路交通噪声测量方法,各地监测部门大多采用城市交通干线交通噪声测量方法。高速公路交通噪声与城市交通干线交通噪声在声源强度、传播方式、影响范围等方面都存在一定差异,采用城市交通干线交通噪声测量方法测量高速公路交通噪声不能如实反映高速公路交通噪声的实际状况。因此,急需对高速公路交通噪声变化、传播规律进行研究,制定统一的测量方法,规范全国的高速公路交通噪声的测量。
本文运用声学测量技术,对山东省内多条高速公路的交通噪声进行了测量,研究分析了高速公路交通噪声变化规律、高速公路交通噪声与车流量的关系等。研究结果表明,高速公路交通噪声昼、夜等效声级相差不大,大部分路段夜间等效等效声级略高于昼间等效声级；高速公路交通噪声在昼间7：00～11：00与15：00～18：30时段和夜间22：00～24：00时段,分别是昼、夜间噪声相对较高的两个时间段；各时段测取的昼间每小时等效声级LAeqz与夜间等效声级Ld的差值80%在3 dB之内,夜间每小时等效声级LAeqy与夜间等效声级Ln的差值80%在2dB(A)之内；高速公路交通噪声与大型车车流量关系最密切,一定程度上交通噪声的变化主要是由大型车流量决定；我国高速公路两侧100米范围内敏感点噪声一般不达标,上坡坡度较大路段甚至两侧200米范围内噪声存在超标。
本文还研究了温度对高速公路交通噪声测量的影响,为保证监测数据的准确性,尽量选择在环境温度为10～30℃的范围内进行测量,如果测量现场校正差值大于0.5 dB(A),测量结果无效。进一步研究认为,采取多数敏感点进行间断式测量、少数进行24小时连续测量的方式,获得的数据有很好的代表性。提出了各噪声测量点位应布设在交通噪声直接影响的敏感建筑物外不小于1m处,测量频次为昼夜各1次,每次测量20分钟。
最后,本文制定了详细的高速公路交通噪声测量方法,并进行了验证比对测量。
Traffic noise generated by expressway operation has unfavourable influence for residents in the surrounding region. Thus, it is needed to measure, evaluate and control traffic noise generated by expressway operation. However, the specialized measuring method of expressway noise has not been established so far. Most of the environmental monitoring departments throughout the country adopt the measuring mothods of noise along main urban roads. There are some differences in intensity of noise sources, propagation way, and influence range of noise between expressway and main urban road. So the situration of expressway noise can not be reflected accurately by the measuring mothods of noise along main urban roads. It is urgently needed to research on the change and propagation law of traffic noise along expressway, establish the unified measuring method, and standardize the measurement of traffic noise along expressway throughout the country.
We monitored the traffic noise along some expressways in Shandong province using acoustical measurement technique and analyze the change law of traffic noise along expressway, relationship between the traffic noise along expressway and the number of inhale, etc. The conclusions are obtained as follows:(1) There are not notable differences in equivalent sound level of expressway between during the day and during the night. (2) The traffic noise along expressway from 7:00 tol 1:00 and from 15:00 to 18:30 are higher than other time during the day, and the traffic noise along expressway from 22:00 to 24:00 is higher than other time during the night. (3) 80 percent of the difference values between the day-time and night-time equivalent sound levels per hour, e.g. between LAeqz and L_d are less than 3 dB;.80 percent of the difference values between the night-time equivalent sound level per hour and night-time equivalent sound level e.g. between L_(Aeqz) and L_nare less than 2 dB. (4) The relationship between the traffic noise along expressway and the number of large inhale is the closet. To a certain extent, the changes of traffic noise are mainly controlled by the number of large inhale. (5) The noise of sensitive sites within 100 meters on both sides of expressway is generally substandard. The noise of some expressway sections with high uphill gradient even within 200 meters on both sides of expressway exceeds the standard scope.
We analyzed the effect of temperature on monitoring traffic noise along expressway. In order to ensure the accuracy of monitoring data, we tried to monitor in a range of environment temperature from 10 to 30℃. If the correction difference is more than 0.5 dB(A), the monitoring data is considered to be invalid. The conclusions are obtained as follows:(1) The obtained data through combining discontinuous measurement in most of sensitive sites with continuous measurement in few sites are representative. (2) The monitoring spot should be set at more than one meter apart from noise-sensitive structures. The frequency should be set to monitor twice a day, morning and night, and twenty minutes in succession each time.
At last, the detailed measurement methods of traffic noise along expressway are proposed and proved by experiment.
本文运用声学测量技术,对山东省内多条高速公路的交通噪声进行了测量,研究分析了高速公路交通噪声变化规律、高速公路交通噪声与车流量的关系等。研究结果表明,高速公路交通噪声昼、夜等效声级相差不大,大部分路段夜间等效等效声级略高于昼间等效声级；高速公路交通噪声在昼间7：00～11：00与15：00～18：30时段和夜间22：00～24：00时段,分别是昼、夜间噪声相对较高的两个时间段；各时段测取的昼间每小时等效声级LAeqz与夜间等效声级Ld的差值80%在3 dB之内,夜间每小时等效声级LAeqy与夜间等效声级Ln的差值80%在2dB(A)之内；高速公路交通噪声与大型车车流量关系最密切,一定程度上交通噪声的变化主要是由大型车流量决定；我国高速公路两侧100米范围内敏感点噪声一般不达标,上坡坡度较大路段甚至两侧200米范围内噪声存在超标。
本文还研究了温度对高速公路交通噪声测量的影响,为保证监测数据的准确性,尽量选择在环境温度为10～30℃的范围内进行测量,如果测量现场校正差值大于0.5 dB(A),测量结果无效。进一步研究认为,采取多数敏感点进行间断式测量、少数进行24小时连续测量的方式,获得的数据有很好的代表性。提出了各噪声测量点位应布设在交通噪声直接影响的敏感建筑物外不小于1m处,测量频次为昼夜各1次,每次测量20分钟。
最后,本文制定了详细的高速公路交通噪声测量方法,并进行了验证比对测量。
Traffic noise generated by expressway operation has unfavourable influence for residents in the surrounding region. Thus, it is needed to measure, evaluate and control traffic noise generated by expressway operation. However, the specialized measuring method of expressway noise has not been established so far. Most of the environmental monitoring departments throughout the country adopt the measuring mothods of noise along main urban roads. There are some differences in intensity of noise sources, propagation way, and influence range of noise between expressway and main urban road. So the situration of expressway noise can not be reflected accurately by the measuring mothods of noise along main urban roads. It is urgently needed to research on the change and propagation law of traffic noise along expressway, establish the unified measuring method, and standardize the measurement of traffic noise along expressway throughout the country.
We monitored the traffic noise along some expressways in Shandong province using acoustical measurement technique and analyze the change law of traffic noise along expressway, relationship between the traffic noise along expressway and the number of inhale, etc. The conclusions are obtained as follows:(1) There are not notable differences in equivalent sound level of expressway between during the day and during the night. (2) The traffic noise along expressway from 7:00 tol 1:00 and from 15:00 to 18:30 are higher than other time during the day, and the traffic noise along expressway from 22:00 to 24:00 is higher than other time during the night. (3) 80 percent of the difference values between the day-time and night-time equivalent sound levels per hour, e.g. between LAeqz and L_d are less than 3 dB;.80 percent of the difference values between the night-time equivalent sound level per hour and night-time equivalent sound level e.g. between L_(Aeqz) and L_nare less than 2 dB. (4) The relationship between the traffic noise along expressway and the number of large inhale is the closet. To a certain extent, the changes of traffic noise are mainly controlled by the number of large inhale. (5) The noise of sensitive sites within 100 meters on both sides of expressway is generally substandard. The noise of some expressway sections with high uphill gradient even within 200 meters on both sides of expressway exceeds the standard scope.
We analyzed the effect of temperature on monitoring traffic noise along expressway. In order to ensure the accuracy of monitoring data, we tried to monitor in a range of environment temperature from 10 to 30℃. If the correction difference is more than 0.5 dB(A), the monitoring data is considered to be invalid. The conclusions are obtained as follows:(1) The obtained data through combining discontinuous measurement in most of sensitive sites with continuous measurement in few sites are representative. (2) The monitoring spot should be set at more than one meter apart from noise-sensitive structures. The frequency should be set to monitor twice a day, morning and night, and twenty minutes in succession each time.
At last, the detailed measurement methods of traffic noise along expressway are proposed and proved by experiment.
引文
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[4]Knight JJ. Harmful effects of noise on man. Chem.Eng,1969 (227):108-112.
[5]Meeeham WC. Effect of jet aircraft noises on mental hospitaladmissions [J]. British Journal of Ideology, 1977,11:81-85.
[7]Jenkins LM. Psyehiatric admissions and aireraft noises from London airport:four-year hospital study. Psychological Medieine,1981,11:765-782.
[8]Ingle ST., PachPande BG., Wagh ND., Attarde SB. Noise exposure and hearing loss among the traffic policemen working at busy streets of Jalgaon urban centre. Transportation Research Part D,2005,10: 69-75.
[9]国家环境保护局,《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》[S],1996.
[10]国家环境保护总局,关于公路、铁路(含轻轨)等建设项目环境影响评价中环境噪声有关问题的通知[S],2003.
[11]GB12349-1990,工业企业厂界噪声测量方法[S],北京：中国环境科学出版社,1990.
[12]GB／T14623-1993,城市区域环境噪声测量方法[S],北京：中国环境科学出版社,1993.
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[18]Barry TM., Reagan JA. A highway traffic noisepredictionmodel [R]. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Transportation,1978.
[19]Givargis S., Mallmoodi M. Converting the UK ealculation of road traffienoise (CORTN) to a model eapable of ealculating LAeq, I h for the Tehran,5 roads. Applied Acousties,2008,69 (11):1108-1013.
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