反倾销制度中公共利益原则研究
摘要
保护国内产业免受倾销损害是反倾销制度的最直接目的。但随着其使用频率的提高以及使用范围的扩大,反倾销制度的合理性也越来越受到质疑,因为其在保护国内相关产业利益的同时却可能损害了进口国下游产业和消费者的利益。而在反倾销制度中引入公共利益原则,能够有效避免反倾销成为片面保护国内相关产业利益的工具,从而最大限度地维护社会整体利益。鉴于此,一些国家或地区已经或正在考虑将公共利益原则引入反倾销立法当中。目前,我国反倾销法中关于公共利益问题仅仅是原则性规定,缺乏实际可操作性。因此,积极分析和研究公共利益原则在反倾销制度中确立的合理性及其内涵,学习和借鉴欧盟、加拿大、美国等WTO主要成员方国内相关立法和实践中的成功经验,这对于进一步发展和完善我国反倾销法律制度具有非常重要的理论意义和实用价值。
对于反倾销制度中公共利益原则的论述主要应用了实证分析、比较分析和历史分析的方法。首先从经济学和法学两个角度对反倾销制度中的公共利益原则进行理论分析,进而得出其内涵及外延。紧接着对WTO及其主要成员方欧盟、加拿大及美国反倾销制度中公共利益原则在立法实体上和立法程序上两个方面进行详细介绍,并对欧盟、加拿大以及美国在具体实践当中利用反倾销制度中公共利益原则的经典案例进行比较分析。最后,从立法实体和立法程序两方面提出我国反倾销制度中关于公共利益原则的不足与缺陷。同时,吸取适合我国国情的先进经验,提出完善我国相关立法和诉讼实践的参考性建议。
To protect domestic industries from being damaged by dumping activities is the most direct objective of anti-dumping system whose legitimacy. Yet being increasingly frequently resorted to on a much broader range of products, is exposed to more and more questioning, the reason is the paradox of harming the interest of downstream industries and consumers while protecting domestic manufacturers. By introducing into the principle of public interest of anti-dumping system, it could be avoided that anti-dumping degrades to be an umbrella covering solely the interests of certain blocs in the domestic manufacturing industries. Based on such consideration, some countries and regions are planning on introducing or have already introduced the public interest principle into the law-making process of anti-dumping system. The stipulation of public interest principle in China’s current anti-dumping system is more like principle statement and lacks actual practicability. Hence, it is both theoretically meaningful and practically useful for the further development and perfection of China’s anti-dumping system that we actively analyse and research the legitimacy and connotations of the public interest principle’s establishment in it and also study major WTO member countries’successful experience in their domestic legislation and jurisdiction.
An expounding approach consisting of examples, comparisons and historical analysis is used for the research of the public interest principle in the anti-dumping system. Firstly, the thesis derives denotations and connotations of the public interest principle in anti-dumping system from an analysis from the economic and judicial points of view. Immediately follows a detailed introduction to the public interest principle in the anti-dumping system of WTO and its major members like EU, Canada and USA. The introduction focuses on the aspects of legislative body and procedures and gives a detailed comparison of cases in which EU, Canada and USA etc successfully use public interest principle in their practice of anti-dumping system. Finally, insufficiencies related to the public interest principle in China’s anti-dumping system and measures to perfect China’s legislation and practice of proceedings are suggested for reference in light of China’s actual situation.
对于反倾销制度中公共利益原则的论述主要应用了实证分析、比较分析和历史分析的方法。首先从经济学和法学两个角度对反倾销制度中的公共利益原则进行理论分析,进而得出其内涵及外延。紧接着对WTO及其主要成员方欧盟、加拿大及美国反倾销制度中公共利益原则在立法实体上和立法程序上两个方面进行详细介绍,并对欧盟、加拿大以及美国在具体实践当中利用反倾销制度中公共利益原则的经典案例进行比较分析。最后,从立法实体和立法程序两方面提出我国反倾销制度中关于公共利益原则的不足与缺陷。同时,吸取适合我国国情的先进经验,提出完善我国相关立法和诉讼实践的参考性建议。
To protect domestic industries from being damaged by dumping activities is the most direct objective of anti-dumping system whose legitimacy. Yet being increasingly frequently resorted to on a much broader range of products, is exposed to more and more questioning, the reason is the paradox of harming the interest of downstream industries and consumers while protecting domestic manufacturers. By introducing into the principle of public interest of anti-dumping system, it could be avoided that anti-dumping degrades to be an umbrella covering solely the interests of certain blocs in the domestic manufacturing industries. Based on such consideration, some countries and regions are planning on introducing or have already introduced the public interest principle into the law-making process of anti-dumping system. The stipulation of public interest principle in China’s current anti-dumping system is more like principle statement and lacks actual practicability. Hence, it is both theoretically meaningful and practically useful for the further development and perfection of China’s anti-dumping system that we actively analyse and research the legitimacy and connotations of the public interest principle’s establishment in it and also study major WTO member countries’successful experience in their domestic legislation and jurisdiction.
An expounding approach consisting of examples, comparisons and historical analysis is used for the research of the public interest principle in the anti-dumping system. Firstly, the thesis derives denotations and connotations of the public interest principle in anti-dumping system from an analysis from the economic and judicial points of view. Immediately follows a detailed introduction to the public interest principle in the anti-dumping system of WTO and its major members like EU, Canada and USA. The introduction focuses on the aspects of legislative body and procedures and gives a detailed comparison of cases in which EU, Canada and USA etc successfully use public interest principle in their practice of anti-dumping system. Finally, insufficiencies related to the public interest principle in China’s anti-dumping system and measures to perfect China’s legislation and practice of proceedings are suggested for reference in light of China’s actual situation.
引文
[1]孙立文.WTO反倾销协议改革?政策和法律分析.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2007,217-220,232,239,225
[2]舒凤梅.反倾销中的公共利益问题.广东财经职业学院学报,2006,5(2):41
[3]腾金聪.反倾销法中的公共利益问题探析:[兰州大学硕士学位论文].兰州:兰州大学法学院,2007,12
[4] See Roscoe Pound.Outlines of Lectures on Jurisprudence.New York:Fordham University Press,1924,15
[5]罗斯科·庞德.法律史解释.邓正来.第一版.北京:中国法制出版社,2002,34
[6] E·R·克鲁斯克,B·M·杰克逊.公共政策词典.上海:上海远东出版社,1992,30
[7]马丽平.社会整体经济利益是经济的立法之本.苏州城市建设环境保护学院学报,2001,3(4):22
[8]杨伏英,王丽萍.从法律价值取向分析反倾销制度中公共利益原则.南京财经大学学报,2008,1:201
[9]翁国民,李欣.试论反倾销的公共利益判断及应用.浙江学刊,2004,6:112
[10]孔祥俊.反垄断法原理.北京:中国法制出版社,2001,356
[11]彭日峰,何家奎.论反倾销法中的公共利益条款.当代法学,2003,11:16
[12]金哓晨.反倾销中公共利益原则的法理分析?从公平正义的视角.当代法学,2007,21(5):21
[13]朱庆华.反倾销中的公共利益问题.中央财经大学学报,2003,1:66,68
[14]赵维田.世贸组织(WTO)法律制度.吉林:吉林人民出版社,2000,303
[15]张婷.论反倾销法公共利益原则的确立.西南政法大学学报,2004,6(3):85-86
[16]薛荣,李居迁.反倾销的理念及其局限论析.现代法学,2000,4:91-95
[17]Bronckers?C.Rehabilitating Antidumping and Other Trade Remedies Through Cost-Benefit Analyses.New York:Journal of World Trade,1997,186
[18]朱小菁.公共利益制度:反倾销中的均衡器.中国外贸,2007,12:18
[19]胡昭玲.反倾销规则与实践.天津:南开大学出版社,2004,15,173
[20]陈丹燕.浅论反倾销中的公共利益.法制与社会,2008,9:56
[21]尚明.反倾销?WTO规则及中外法律与实践.北京:法律出版社,2004,643,75-76,98,100
[22]Marc Wellhausen.The Community Interest Test in Antidumping Proceedings of the European Union.American University International Law Review,2001,16:1033
[23]Sebastian Farr.EU Anti-Dumping Law.London:Palladian Law Publishing Ltd,1998,356
[24]Hylke Vandenbussche,Reinhilde Veugelers,Jozef Konings.Unionization and European Anti-Dumping Protection.Oxford Economic Papers,2001,53:297
[25]Edwin Vermulst,Paul Waer.EC Anti-Dumping Law and Practice.London:Sweet and Maxwell,1996,286
[26]车丕照,杜明.欧共体反倾销条例共同体利益条款研究?兼论对完善我国反倾销法的若干启示.欧洲研究,2004,3:601
[27]蔡庆辉,肖伟,郑雁等.欧盟对华反倾销案例研究.厦门:厦门大学出版社,2006,190,194,196
[28]蒋小红.欧共体反倾销法与中欧贸易.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004,230,229
[29]王涛.欧盟反倾销法中的公共利益原则及对中国的启示.天水行政学院学报,2006,3:92
[30]Council Regulation(EC)No.85/2006.Official Journal of the European Union,2006,20(1):1
[31]Paul Waer.DSB establishes panel in salmon dispute .www.wto.org. UN, 2006- 06-22
[32]朱庆华.欧盟贸易救济的公共利益评价及其启示.中央财经大学学报,2006, 11:55-57
[33]王承斌,史学瀛.国际反倾销法.北京:法律出版社,2005,25,26,27,143
[34]Mark Clough.House of Common Report on SIMA of Canada. Harvard International Law Journal,1996,2:25
[35]Margaret Smith.the Special Import Measures Act-an Overview.Canada:Law and Government Division,1996,15
[36]姜双林.论中国反倾销公共利益的程序保障.重庆工商大学学报(社会科学版), 2006,23(2):108
[37]应松年.比较行政程序法.北京:中国法制出版社,1999,325
[38]Bill.Anti-dumping and Countervailing Program Initiation Baby-Food. www. cbsa. gc.ca,1999-10-03
[39]王景琦.中国反倾销法律与实务.北京:人民法院出版社,2000,166
[40]张晓东.中国反倾销立法比较研究.北京:法律出版社,2000,256
[41]戴慧君.反倾销实践的公共利益考虑.今日湖北理论版,2007,1(5):13
[42]杨伏英.国际反倾销制度中公共利益原则的缺陷分析.世界经济与政治论坛,2007,4:26
[43]廖丹艳.反倾销制度中公共利益原则研究:[南昌大学硕士学位论文].南昌:南昌大学法学院,2007,26-27,40-41,45
[44]徐华.论反倾销中的公共利益原则:[中国政法大学硕士学位论文].北京:中国政法大学法学院,2004,25-26
[45]肖伟.国际反倾销法律与实务欧共体卷.北京:知识产权出版社,2005,194-195
[46]蔡镇顺,范利平,帅海燕.反倾销与反补贴法研究.广州:中山大学出版社,2005,22-23
[47]胡昭玲.中国不锈钢冷轧薄板反倾销案.www.FindLaw.cn,2009-02-05
[48]朱庆华.中国反倾销公共利益原则的实践.中央财经大学学报,2008,2:58
[49]付豫.反倾销法公共利益原则的适用:[中国政法大学硕士学位论文].北京:中国政法大学法学院,2007,36,35,39-40
[50]龚鹏程,肖伟志.我国反倾销公共利益审查的程序性缺陷及完善.理论界,2006,8:148
[51]袁晨颖.论反倾销立法中的公共利益原则.南昌大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007,38(5):60
[52]舒凤梅.公共利益原则能否遏制反倾销措施滥用.WTO经济导刊,2007,4:70
[53]李玉兰.反倾销法中的公共利益:[对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文].北京:对外经济贸易大学法学院,2006,26,27
[54]赵维田.论WTO的反倾销规则.法学研究,1999,2:108-122
[2]舒凤梅.反倾销中的公共利益问题.广东财经职业学院学报,2006,5(2):41
[3]腾金聪.反倾销法中的公共利益问题探析:[兰州大学硕士学位论文].兰州:兰州大学法学院,2007,12
[4] See Roscoe Pound.Outlines of Lectures on Jurisprudence.New York:Fordham University Press,1924,15
[5]罗斯科·庞德.法律史解释.邓正来.第一版.北京:中国法制出版社,2002,34
[6] E·R·克鲁斯克,B·M·杰克逊.公共政策词典.上海:上海远东出版社,1992,30
[7]马丽平.社会整体经济利益是经济的立法之本.苏州城市建设环境保护学院学报,2001,3(4):22
[8]杨伏英,王丽萍.从法律价值取向分析反倾销制度中公共利益原则.南京财经大学学报,2008,1:201
[9]翁国民,李欣.试论反倾销的公共利益判断及应用.浙江学刊,2004,6:112
[10]孔祥俊.反垄断法原理.北京:中国法制出版社,2001,356
[11]彭日峰,何家奎.论反倾销法中的公共利益条款.当代法学,2003,11:16
[12]金哓晨.反倾销中公共利益原则的法理分析?从公平正义的视角.当代法学,2007,21(5):21
[13]朱庆华.反倾销中的公共利益问题.中央财经大学学报,2003,1:66,68
[14]赵维田.世贸组织(WTO)法律制度.吉林:吉林人民出版社,2000,303
[15]张婷.论反倾销法公共利益原则的确立.西南政法大学学报,2004,6(3):85-86
[16]薛荣,李居迁.反倾销的理念及其局限论析.现代法学,2000,4:91-95
[17]Bronckers?C.Rehabilitating Antidumping and Other Trade Remedies Through Cost-Benefit Analyses.New York:Journal of World Trade,1997,186
[18]朱小菁.公共利益制度:反倾销中的均衡器.中国外贸,2007,12:18
[19]胡昭玲.反倾销规则与实践.天津:南开大学出版社,2004,15,173
[20]陈丹燕.浅论反倾销中的公共利益.法制与社会,2008,9:56
[21]尚明.反倾销?WTO规则及中外法律与实践.北京:法律出版社,2004,643,75-76,98,100
[22]Marc Wellhausen.The Community Interest Test in Antidumping Proceedings of the European Union.American University International Law Review,2001,16:1033
[23]Sebastian Farr.EU Anti-Dumping Law.London:Palladian Law Publishing Ltd,1998,356
[24]Hylke Vandenbussche,Reinhilde Veugelers,Jozef Konings.Unionization and European Anti-Dumping Protection.Oxford Economic Papers,2001,53:297
[25]Edwin Vermulst,Paul Waer.EC Anti-Dumping Law and Practice.London:Sweet and Maxwell,1996,286
[26]车丕照,杜明.欧共体反倾销条例共同体利益条款研究?兼论对完善我国反倾销法的若干启示.欧洲研究,2004,3:601
[27]蔡庆辉,肖伟,郑雁等.欧盟对华反倾销案例研究.厦门:厦门大学出版社,2006,190,194,196
[28]蒋小红.欧共体反倾销法与中欧贸易.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004,230,229
[29]王涛.欧盟反倾销法中的公共利益原则及对中国的启示.天水行政学院学报,2006,3:92
[30]Council Regulation(EC)No.85/2006.Official Journal of the European Union,2006,20(1):1
[31]Paul Waer.DSB establishes panel in salmon dispute .www.wto.org. UN, 2006- 06-22
[32]朱庆华.欧盟贸易救济的公共利益评价及其启示.中央财经大学学报,2006, 11:55-57
[33]王承斌,史学瀛.国际反倾销法.北京:法律出版社,2005,25,26,27,143
[34]Mark Clough.House of Common Report on SIMA of Canada. Harvard International Law Journal,1996,2:25
[35]Margaret Smith.the Special Import Measures Act-an Overview.Canada:Law and Government Division,1996,15
[36]姜双林.论中国反倾销公共利益的程序保障.重庆工商大学学报(社会科学版), 2006,23(2):108
[37]应松年.比较行政程序法.北京:中国法制出版社,1999,325
[38]Bill.Anti-dumping and Countervailing Program Initiation Baby-Food. www. cbsa. gc.ca,1999-10-03
[39]王景琦.中国反倾销法律与实务.北京:人民法院出版社,2000,166
[40]张晓东.中国反倾销立法比较研究.北京:法律出版社,2000,256
[41]戴慧君.反倾销实践的公共利益考虑.今日湖北理论版,2007,1(5):13
[42]杨伏英.国际反倾销制度中公共利益原则的缺陷分析.世界经济与政治论坛,2007,4:26
[43]廖丹艳.反倾销制度中公共利益原则研究:[南昌大学硕士学位论文].南昌:南昌大学法学院,2007,26-27,40-41,45
[44]徐华.论反倾销中的公共利益原则:[中国政法大学硕士学位论文].北京:中国政法大学法学院,2004,25-26
[45]肖伟.国际反倾销法律与实务欧共体卷.北京:知识产权出版社,2005,194-195
[46]蔡镇顺,范利平,帅海燕.反倾销与反补贴法研究.广州:中山大学出版社,2005,22-23
[47]胡昭玲.中国不锈钢冷轧薄板反倾销案.www.FindLaw.cn,2009-02-05
[48]朱庆华.中国反倾销公共利益原则的实践.中央财经大学学报,2008,2:58
[49]付豫.反倾销法公共利益原则的适用:[中国政法大学硕士学位论文].北京:中国政法大学法学院,2007,36,35,39-40
[50]龚鹏程,肖伟志.我国反倾销公共利益审查的程序性缺陷及完善.理论界,2006,8:148
[51]袁晨颖.论反倾销立法中的公共利益原则.南昌大学学报(人文社会科学版),2007,38(5):60
[52]舒凤梅.公共利益原则能否遏制反倾销措施滥用.WTO经济导刊,2007,4:70
[53]李玉兰.反倾销法中的公共利益:[对外经济贸易大学硕士学位论文].北京:对外经济贸易大学法学院,2006,26,27
[54]赵维田.论WTO的反倾销规则.法学研究,1999,2:108-122