MVB多协议通信网关的设计
摘要
如今,随着国内外高速铁路和高速列车的突飞猛进和分布式网络控制系统的发展,列车通信网络TCN已广泛应用于世界各国的各种新型列车上。在我国自主研发的5种系列和谐号CRH动车组中,其中就有3种采用了TCN网络控制技术。MVB通信网关作为TCN通信网络中的重要组成部分,但它在国内的研究与应用却长期面临着国外厂家的技术封锁和市场垄断。并且,由于各轨道交通设备生产商之间的技术标准差异,很多车载设备不支持MVB总线通信功能,使得MVB网关有着广阔的应用需求,而已有的MVB网关大多只具有单一的协议转换功能,这不仅违背了列车总线的开放性原则,还影响了MVB网关的兼容性发展。
在这样的研究背景和应用环境下,本课题参照TCN网络通信标准IEC61375-1,结合当今的无线通信热点Wi-Fi以及在列车中已普及应用的CAN现场总线、RS-485和RS-232总线,提出了一种MVB多协议通信网关的设计方案。本文首先概述了TCN和MVB网关的总体发展状况,然后深入研究了MVB多协议通信网关中所涉及到的关键技术,尤其是MVB实时协议中的过程数据通信；最后详细分析了多协议网关的软硬件设计实现。其中,在硬件部分,本设计利用了目前较小的可嵌入式MVB通信板卡SSMV62AD和意法半导体公司的低功耗高性能ARM处理器STM32F103ZET6,设计并调试通过了MVB多协议网关的PCB硬件电路板。而在软件设计过程中,本课题始终围绕着MVB过程数据链路层通信的实时性和可靠性原则,提出了列车网关宿端口机制、设备网关源端口机制以及偶发相中数据集的周期性触发访问机制,并针对Wi-Fi无线通信中UDP传输的不可靠性,在TCP通信协议的超时重传、滑动窗口、后退n协议应答的基础上进行了UDP数据包的高效可靠传输改进；而且总结出了本文所涉及的不同总线数据传输特性,并依此在μC-OSⅡ实时操作系统中实现了MVB与四种总线之间的协议相互转换功能,完成了多协议网关中可实时调度的多任务应用程序设计。
最后为检测多协议网关的基本数据通信能力,本设计针对CRH1型动车组运行过程中可能会发生的故障信息,在基于Intel Atom D510处理器的LAB-8902教学实验平台和Linux操作系统中搭建了CRH1型动车组故障模拟系统；同时,本文详细剖析了MVB多协议网关的具体性能测试内容和测试方法,并给出了相关的测试结果和性能参数分析。
Now, with rapid development of domestic and international high-speed railways and high-speed trains, and distributed network control systems, train communication network (TCN) has been widely applied to the new trains in the world. In the five kinds of CRH Multiple Units (MU) developed in China, three kinds of MU use TCN network control technology. Multifunction Vehicle Bus (MVB) gateway is an important component of TCN, but its research and application in China are faced with long-term technology blockade and market monopoly of foreign manufacturers. And, because of the difference of the technical standards between the rail transmission equipment manufacturers, many board equipments do not support the MVB bus communication functions. This makes that MVB gateway is widely used. But many MVB gateways only have single protocol conversion function. This not only violates the openness principle of the train bus, but also affects the compatibility of MVB gateway.
Under this research background and application environment, the subject refers to TCN network communication standards IEC61375-1, and combines Wi-Fi which is a current wireless communication hotspot, with CAN bus, RS-485 bus and RS-232 bus which are widely applied to trains. The paper proposes a MVB multi-protocol communication gateway scheme. Firstly, this paper outlines the overall development of TCN and MVB gateway, secondly we further research the key technology in the MVB multi-protocol communication gateway, especially the process data communication of MVB real-time protocol; Lastly, we analyze the design and implementation of both the multi-protocol gateway software and hardware in detail. For the hardware, the system uses a small embedded MVB communication board SSMV62AD and high-performance and low-power ARM processor STM32F103ZET6 developed by STMicroelectronics. And we design and debug PCB hardware board of MVB multi-protocol gateway. For the software, according to the principle of real time and reliability of MVB process data link layer communication, the paper proposes the train gateway residential port, the device gateway source port, and the periodically trigger access to occasional data sets schemes. And for the unreliable UDP transmission in Wi-Fi wireless communications, based on the TCP timeout and retransmission, sliding window, and go-back-n protocol response, we improve the efficient and reliable UDP packet transmission. We make a summary of data transmission characteristics of different buses, implement the mutual protocol conversion between MVB and four buses inμC-OSⅡreal-time operating systems, and design a real-time and scheduling multi-task application in the multi-protocol gateway.
Finally, to detect basic data communications capabilities of the multi-protocol gateway, we build a CRH1 type MU fault simulation system in the LAB-8902 teaching experiment platform based on Intel Atom D510 processor and Linux operating system. The system can address the fault information occurring in the operation of CRH1 type MU. Besides, the paper analyzes the specific performance testing methods of MVB multi-protocol gateway in detail, and gives the relevant testing results and performance parameters analysis.
在这样的研究背景和应用环境下,本课题参照TCN网络通信标准IEC61375-1,结合当今的无线通信热点Wi-Fi以及在列车中已普及应用的CAN现场总线、RS-485和RS-232总线,提出了一种MVB多协议通信网关的设计方案。本文首先概述了TCN和MVB网关的总体发展状况,然后深入研究了MVB多协议通信网关中所涉及到的关键技术,尤其是MVB实时协议中的过程数据通信；最后详细分析了多协议网关的软硬件设计实现。其中,在硬件部分,本设计利用了目前较小的可嵌入式MVB通信板卡SSMV62AD和意法半导体公司的低功耗高性能ARM处理器STM32F103ZET6,设计并调试通过了MVB多协议网关的PCB硬件电路板。而在软件设计过程中,本课题始终围绕着MVB过程数据链路层通信的实时性和可靠性原则,提出了列车网关宿端口机制、设备网关源端口机制以及偶发相中数据集的周期性触发访问机制,并针对Wi-Fi无线通信中UDP传输的不可靠性,在TCP通信协议的超时重传、滑动窗口、后退n协议应答的基础上进行了UDP数据包的高效可靠传输改进；而且总结出了本文所涉及的不同总线数据传输特性,并依此在μC-OSⅡ实时操作系统中实现了MVB与四种总线之间的协议相互转换功能,完成了多协议网关中可实时调度的多任务应用程序设计。
最后为检测多协议网关的基本数据通信能力,本设计针对CRH1型动车组运行过程中可能会发生的故障信息,在基于Intel Atom D510处理器的LAB-8902教学实验平台和Linux操作系统中搭建了CRH1型动车组故障模拟系统；同时,本文详细剖析了MVB多协议网关的具体性能测试内容和测试方法,并给出了相关的测试结果和性能参数分析。
Now, with rapid development of domestic and international high-speed railways and high-speed trains, and distributed network control systems, train communication network (TCN) has been widely applied to the new trains in the world. In the five kinds of CRH Multiple Units (MU) developed in China, three kinds of MU use TCN network control technology. Multifunction Vehicle Bus (MVB) gateway is an important component of TCN, but its research and application in China are faced with long-term technology blockade and market monopoly of foreign manufacturers. And, because of the difference of the technical standards between the rail transmission equipment manufacturers, many board equipments do not support the MVB bus communication functions. This makes that MVB gateway is widely used. But many MVB gateways only have single protocol conversion function. This not only violates the openness principle of the train bus, but also affects the compatibility of MVB gateway.
Under this research background and application environment, the subject refers to TCN network communication standards IEC61375-1, and combines Wi-Fi which is a current wireless communication hotspot, with CAN bus, RS-485 bus and RS-232 bus which are widely applied to trains. The paper proposes a MVB multi-protocol communication gateway scheme. Firstly, this paper outlines the overall development of TCN and MVB gateway, secondly we further research the key technology in the MVB multi-protocol communication gateway, especially the process data communication of MVB real-time protocol; Lastly, we analyze the design and implementation of both the multi-protocol gateway software and hardware in detail. For the hardware, the system uses a small embedded MVB communication board SSMV62AD and high-performance and low-power ARM processor STM32F103ZET6 developed by STMicroelectronics. And we design and debug PCB hardware board of MVB multi-protocol gateway. For the software, according to the principle of real time and reliability of MVB process data link layer communication, the paper proposes the train gateway residential port, the device gateway source port, and the periodically trigger access to occasional data sets schemes. And for the unreliable UDP transmission in Wi-Fi wireless communications, based on the TCP timeout and retransmission, sliding window, and go-back-n protocol response, we improve the efficient and reliable UDP packet transmission. We make a summary of data transmission characteristics of different buses, implement the mutual protocol conversion between MVB and four buses inμC-OSⅡreal-time operating systems, and design a real-time and scheduling multi-task application in the multi-protocol gateway.
Finally, to detect basic data communications capabilities of the multi-protocol gateway, we build a CRH1 type MU fault simulation system in the LAB-8902 teaching experiment platform based on Intel Atom D510 processor and Linux operating system. The system can address the fault information occurring in the operation of CRH1 type MU. Besides, the paper analyzes the specific performance testing methods of MVB multi-protocol gateway in detail, and gives the relevant testing results and performance parameters analysis.
引文
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[2]路向阳.列车通信网络的发展与应用综述.机车电传动.2002(1)
[3]许洪华.现场总线与工业以太网技术.北京：电子工业出版社,2007
[4]刘文清.基于TCN的列车通信网络系统研究.北京交通大学.2007
[5]张大波,王建.MVB总线实时协议实现及其实验研究.机车电传动.2005.2
[6]Kirrmann H, Zuber P A. The IEC/IEEE train communication network. IEEE Micro, 2001,21 (2)
[7]IEEE Std.802.11-1999, Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and physical Layer (PHY) speifications:Refrence number ISO/IEC 8802-11:1999 (E), IEEE Std.802.11,1999 edition,1999
[8]Hubert Kimnann, Pierre A.Zube r.A TCN Gateway Emulator.The IEC/IEEE Train Communication Network.2007
[9]陈特放,袁雄兵.基于MVB的机车逻辑控制单元.计算机测量与控制.2008
[10]铁道部.TB/T3035-2002《列车通信网络》.铁道部,2002
[11]郭君健.MVB总线协议分析仪的设计与实现.大连理工大学.2009
[12]Iturbe, X.Zuloaga, A. Jimenez, J.Lazaro, J.Martin, J.L. A novel. SoC architecture for a MVB slave node. Industrial Electronics.2008
[13]Moreno J C, Laloya E J. Line redundancy in MVB-TCN devices:a control unit design. Electrotechnical Conference,2006. MELEON 2006. IEEE Mediterranean,2006 (5)
[14]Jimenez J., Martin J. L.. Design of a Master Device for the Multifunction Vehicle Bus [J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.2007,56 (6)
[15]Duagon corporation. D114L PC/104 MVB Interface. Switzerland,2005
[16]Yongxiang Wang. Design and Implementation of MVB Controller Using SOPC Technology.2007 Second IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications. China Harbin.2007
[17]刘洋,唐明新.基于MVB总线的网络控制实验平台的设计与实现.太原科技.2008.12
[18]Zeng Yun-bing, Teng Yun. A TCN Organization and Command Simulation Training System Based on Network. International Conference on Signal Processing Systenns. 2009
[19]Alberto Chavarria, Joseba Lopez de Arroyabe, Aitzol Zuloaga. Slave node architecture for train communications networks. IEEE.2000
[20]张曙光.CRH1型动车组.中国铁道出版社,2008.7
[21]魏宜军,彭军,刘剑锋,周胜.基于ARM处理器的MVBZ类设备研究.现代电子技术.2007
[22]IEC61375-1. Electric Railway Equipment-Train Bus Part 1:Train Communication Network, IEC,1999
[23]刘波.基于多功能车辆总线的列车网络关键技术的研究与应用.中南大学.2005.3
[24]Duagon corporation. MVB Software Application Interface. Switzerland,2005
[25]杨丽丽MVB-CAN通信网关的设计与实现.西南交通大学.2010.5
[26]Jaime J., JoseL M., Carlos C., et al, A Top-down Design for the Train Communication Network. IEEE,2003 (3)
[27]黄轶.MVB与工业以太网网关的设计与实现.西南交通大学.2010.5
[28]Kirnnann H., Koopman P. Train Communication Network & FlexRay. Distributed Embedded Systems. Switzerland,2002
[29]Duagon corporation. D113 Active MVB Interface Series. Switzerland,2005
[30]李扬.WiFi技术原理及应用研究.科技信息.2010(6)
[31]熊辉.浅谈WIFi技术及其应用.通信与信息技术.2007(168)
[32]Balasubramanian.A, Mahajan.R, Venkataramani.A, Levine.BN, Zahorjan.J. Interactive WiFi connectivity for moving vehicles.Computer Communication Review.2008 (4)
[33]金纯,陈林星,杨吉云.IEEE 802.11无线局域网,北京,电子工业出版社,2004
[34]郝建军,刘丹谱,乐光新著.无线局域网技术WIFi.世界宽带网络.2008.6
[35]王娜.基于WiFi的无线远程视频监控系统.安防科技.2010(1)
[36]A.K.Somani, Jianwei Zhou, Achieving fairness in distributed scheduling in wireless ad-hoc networks, Performance, Computing, and Communications Conferenee,2003. Conference Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International,9-11 April 2003
[37]方旭明.移动Adhoc网络研究与发展现状,数据通信.2003(4)
[38]陈文周.WiFi技术研究及应用.数据通信.2008(2)
[39]Juha Heiskala, John Terry,杨晓春,何健吾.OFDM无线局域网.电子工业出版社,2003.3
[40]Mark Ciampa,王顺满,吴长奇.无线局域网设计与实现.科学出版社,2003.7
[41]彭木根,王文博.下一代宽带无线通信系统OFDM & WiMAX机械工业出版社,2007.1
[42]韩成浩,高晓红.CAN总线技术及其应用.制造业自动化,2010,32(2)：146-149.
[43]王黎明,夏立,邵英.CAN现场总线系统的设计与应用.电子工业出版社,2008
[44]饶涛,周继军.现场总线CAN介绍.北京航空航天大学出版社,2006.7
[45]H.Boterebrood, CANopen:high-level protocol for CAN-bus,2008
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