全固态、新型饱和吸收体V~（3+）：YAG 1.3μm调Q激光特性研究
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摘要
闪光灯泵浦的固体激光器虽不及二极管泵浦的激光器具备那么多的优点,但是也具有自己独特的优势,比如制造简单、操作方便、价格低廉等,在本论文中,我们也给以一定的研究与介绍。激光二极管泵浦的全固态激光器,具有效率高,结构紧凑,连续输出稳定、寿命长等优点和在激光通讯、遥感探测、工业加工、军事、医疗等领域有着广泛的应用前景,备受国内外激光界重视,作为本论文研究的重点。
本论文以Nd:YAG和Nd:GdVO_4晶体(a切和c切)为激光晶体,以饱和吸收体V~(3+):YAG和声光开关为腔内调Q组件,从理论和实验两方面研究了全固态1.3μm主被动调Q激光器的各项激光运转特性,建立了主、被动调Q激光脉冲输出性能的速率方程模型,数值求解方程的理论计算值与实验结果相吻合。并采用直腔结构,实现了LD泵浦V~(3+):YAG和声光Nd:GdVO_4/KTP内腔倍频671 nm红激光的运转,在理论分析中,将二次谐波转换视为谐振腔的一种非线性损耗,考虑调Q激光速率方程的新模型,对两种Nd:GdVO_4/KTP内腔倍频调Q红激光脉冲输出特性进行了理论模拟。其主要内容为:
Ⅰ简单介绍了全固态激光器发展过程以及闪光灯和二极管激光泵浦的激光工作介质;简述了全固态1.3μm激光的研究意义及进展;概述了激光调Q技术及速率方程模型和准相位匹配倍频技术。(第一章)
Ⅱ实现了闪光灯泵浦Nd:YAG,Nd:GdVO_4晶体、饱和吸收体V~(3+):YAG被动调Q 1.319μm,1.342μm激光运转,测量了不同V~(3+):YAG小信号透过率、不同输出镜透过率及泵浦功率下的单脉冲能量、峰值功率、脉冲宽度和重复率,并对a向和c向切割的Nd:GdVO_4获得的各项激光特性进行了比较。(第二章)
Ⅲ实现了LD泵浦Nd:GdVO_4晶体、饱和吸收体V~(3+):YAG被动调Q 1.342μm激光运转,同时,考虑腔内光子数密度的空间分布以及激活介质反转粒子数密度、饱和吸收体基态粒子数密度和泵浦光的横向空间分布,给出了描述调Q激光运转特性的速率方程新模型,通过数值求解,对实验结果进行了理论模拟。(第三章)
Ⅳ实现了LD泵浦Nd:GdVO_4晶体、V~(3+):YAG和Co~(2+):LaMgAl_(11)O_(19)双被动调Q激光运转,测量双被动调Q激光的脉宽、重复率、单脉冲能量和峰值功率随泵浦功率的变化关系,并同V~(3+):YAG单一被动调Q Nd:GdVO_4激光进行了比较。结果表明,双被动调Q脉冲激光不仅能压缩脉宽,而且单脉冲能量和峰值功率较高;在理论分析中,通过进一步考虑激活介质反转粒子数密度和泵浦光的纵向分布,首次给出了描述双被动调Q激光脉冲输出性能的速率方程模型,理论计算与实验结果相吻合。(第四章第一节)
Ⅴ对LD泵浦声光和V~(3+):YAG双调Q Nd:GdVO_4激光特性进行了理论和实验和研究,测量了使用声光调制频率下双调Q激光的输出特性,并同单一V~(3+):YAG被动调Q的各项激光性能进行了比较,结果表明,同时使用声光开关和V~(3+):YAG饱和吸收体,会得到高峰值功率和具有稳定重复率的短脉冲序列,获得的双调Q脉冲宽度比单V~(3+):YAG被动调Q明显压缩,单脉冲能量和峰值功率也大为增加。同时,建立了主被动双调Q激光脉冲输出性能的速率方程模型,数值求解方程的理论计算值与实验结果相吻合。(第四章第二节)
Ⅵ采用直腔结构,实现了LD泵浦Nd:GdVO_4晶体、KTP内腔倍频、V~(3+):YAG被动或声光主动调Q 0.671μm红激光输出,对不同泵浦功率下的脉冲宽度、重复率、单脉冲能量和峰值功率进行了测量;在理论分析中,将二次谐波转换视为谐振腔的一种非线性损耗,并考虑调Q激光速率方程的新模型,对两种Nd:GdVO_4/KTP、调Q红激光脉冲输出特性进行了理论模拟。(第五章)
论文的主要创新工作包括:
Ⅰ首次实现了闪光灯泵浦的Nd:YAG、Nd:GdVO_4晶体、新型饱和吸收体V~(3+):YAG被动调Q激光运转,测量了各项激光运转特性,并将a向和c向切割的Nd:GdVO_4获得的各项激光特性进行了比较。
Ⅱ考虑腔内光子数密度的横向和纵向分布以及激活介质反转粒子数密度和泵浦光的横向空间分布,建立了描述LD泵浦V~(3+):YAG被动调Q激光运转特性的速率方程新模型,并首次运用该模型对Nd:GdVO_4晶体、V~(3+):YAG被动调Q激光特性进行了数值模拟,理论计算和实验结果相符。
Ⅲ首次实现了LD泵浦Nd:GdVO_4晶体、饱和吸收体V~(3+):YAG—Co~(2+):LaMgAl_(11)O_(19)双被动调Q和LD泵浦Nd:GdVO_4晶体、声光—V~(3+):YAG主被动双调Q激光运转,测量了各项激光特性并对双调Q激光的脉宽压缩特性进行了研究,考虑腔内光子数密度、激活介质反转粒子数密度和泵浦光的横向分布,给出了描述双调Q激光运转特性的速率方程模型,数值求解方程的理论计算值与实验结果相符。
Ⅳ首次对LD泵浦Nd:GdVO_4晶体、V~(3+):YAG被动调Q Nd:GdVO_4/KTP,和LD泵浦Nd:GdVO_4晶体、声光主动调Q Nd:GdVO_4/KTP两种内腔倍频红光的输出特性进行了系统的理论和实验研究,将二次谐波转换视为谐振腔的一种非线性损耗,并将相位匹配理论和速率方程新模型相结合,对KTP晶体在以上两种调Q方式中的倍频特性进行了数值模拟,理论计算和实验结果相吻合。
Although the flash-lamp-pump is not superior than the laser-diode-pump,it has a lot of advantages by itself,such as simple manufacture and operation,vile price and so on.Therefore,we have made some presentation and research about it in this paper. While,laser-diode-pumped solid-state lasers have become a focus in the field of lasers such as high efficiency,compactness,high stability,and long lifetime as well as healthy due to its advantages such as all solid state,high pump efficiency,small volume and long longevity,and has been paid much attention on.So it is of importance in the dissertation.
In this paper,by using the Nd:YAG,Nd:GdVO_4(a-cut and c-cut)crystals as the gain mediums,V~(3+):YAG and acoustic-optic(AO) as Q-switched modulator,we have studied passively and actively Q-switched laser characteristics at 1.3μm in both numerical and experimental aspects.Meanwhile,the rate-equation model for the actively and passively Q-switched laser is given,and the numerical solutions of the rate equations are in agreement with the experimental results.By using a simple piano-concave cavity,we have demonstrated the 0.671μm laser performance of the LD-pumped both passively Q-switched with V~(3+):YAG saturable absorber and actively Q-switched with AO of intracavity-frequency-doubling Nd:GdVO_4/KTP red laser.In the theoretical analysis,a new rate-equation model is used to simulate the passively Q-switched operation in which the harmonic conversion is considered as a nonlinear loss of the fundamental wave.The main content of this dissertation includes:
(Ⅰ) Firstly,we have introduced the development process of the all solid state laser, and the gain mediums for flash-lamp-pump and laser-diode-pump.Secondly,we have related on the significance and prospect of all solid state Q-switched lasers at 1.3μm in brief.Thirdly,the laser Q-switched technique,the rate-equation model and the quasi-phase-matching theory to simulate the laser operations are related.
(Ⅱ) We have presented the flash-lamp-pumped passively Q-switched performance of Nd:YAG,Nd:GdVO_4 laser with V~(3+):YAG saturable absorber at 1.319μm and 1.342μm respectively.For different small-signal transmissions of V~(3+):YAG,different reflectivities of the output mirror and different pump powers,the pulse energy,peak power,pulse width and repetition rate of 1.3μm laser have been measured.Both a-cut and c-cut Nd:GdVO4 crystals are used,and the output laser characteristics are compared.
(Ⅲ) The performance of an LD-pumped Nd:GdVO_4 laser passively Q-switched with V~(3+):YAG saturable absorber has been realized.Meanwhile,a new rate-equation model for the Q-switched laser is given,in which the transversal and longitudinal distributions of the intracavity photon density,the transversal distributions of the population-inversion density,the saturable absorber ground-state population density and the pump beam are taken into account.The numerical solutions of the rate equations are in agreement with the experimental results.
(Ⅳ) We have demonstrated the performance of an LD-pumped double passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser with V~(3+):YAG and Co~(2+):LaMgAl_(11)O_(19) saturable absorber, and the dependences of the pulse width,pulse repetition rate,single pulse energy and peak power on incident pump power with three methods of Q-switching have been measured.Comparing to the performance of the single passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser only using V~(3+):YAG saturable absorber,the results indicate that the double passively Q-switched laser can generate shorter pulses with higher single pulse energies and peak powers.In the theoretical calculation,a rate-equation model is firstly given to analyse the properties of the double passively Q-switched laser,in which the longitudinal distributions of the intracavity photon density and the pump beam are also taken into account.The numerical solutions of the equations are consistent with the experimental results.
(Ⅴ) The theoretical and experimental studies in the LD-pumped doubly Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser with AO and V~(3+):YAG have been presented.The doubly Q-switched output laser characteristics are measured under the AO repetition rates.It is shown that the higher peak power and more steadily repetition rate could be obtained; the pulse widthes of the doubly Q-switched laser are obviously compressed with higher single pulse energies and peak powers in contrast to the singly passively Q-switched laser with V~(3+):YAG.Meanwhile,the rate-equation model for the actively and passively Q-switched laser is given,and the numerical solutions of the rate equations are in agreement with the experimental results.
(Ⅵ) By using a simple piano-concave cavity,we have demonstrated the 0.671μm laser performance of the LD-pumped both passively Q-switched with V~(3+):YAG saturable absorber or actively Q-switched with AO of intracavity-frequency-doubling Nd:GdVO_4/KTP red laser.The pulse width,pulse repetition rate,single pulse energy and peak power under different pump powers have been measured.In the theoretical analysis,a new rate-equation model is used to simulate the passively Q-switched operation in which the harmonic conversion is considered as a nonlinear loss of the fundamental wave.
The main innovations of this dissertation are as follows:
(Ⅰ) We firstly realize the laser operations of the flash-lamp-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:YAG or Nd:GdVO_4 laser with V~(3+):YAG saturable absorber.The laser characteristics of 1.3μm laser have been measured.Both a-cut and e-cut Nd:GdVO4 crystals are used,and the output laser characteristics are compared.
(Ⅱ) We have developed the new rate-equation model for the LD-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser with V~(3+):YAG,in which the transversal and longitudinal distributions of the intracavity photon density,the transversal distributions of the population-inversion density and the pump beam are taken into account.By using this model,we firstly simulate the passively Q-switched operation with V~(3+):YAG saturable absorber,and the theoretical calculations are in agreement with the experimental results.
(Ⅲ) We firstly realize the laser operations of an LD-pumped double passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser with V~(3+):YAG—Co~(2+):LaMgAl_(11)O_(19) saturable absorber, actively and passively doubly Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser with V~(3+):YAG-AO.The laser characteristics are measured and the studies on the pulse width reduction is also presented.By considering the transversal and longitudinal distributions of the intracavity photon density,the population-inversion density and the pump beam,we firstly give a rate-equation model to analyse the performance of the doubly Q-switched lasers.The numerical solutions of the rate equations are consistent with the experimental results.
(Ⅳ) We firstly present systematically theoretical and experimental studies on the laser properties of an LD-pumped intracavity-frequency-doubling Nd:GdVO_4/KTP red laser Q-switched with V~(3+):YAG saturable absorber and Nd:GdVO_4/KTP red laser with AO modulator.By considering the harmonic conversion as a nonlinear loss of the fundamental wave,we firstly combine the phase-matching theory and the new rate-equation model to simulate the above-mentioned Q-switched operations.
本论文以Nd:YAG和Nd:GdVO_4晶体(a切和c切)为激光晶体,以饱和吸收体V~(3+):YAG和声光开关为腔内调Q组件,从理论和实验两方面研究了全固态1.3μm主被动调Q激光器的各项激光运转特性,建立了主、被动调Q激光脉冲输出性能的速率方程模型,数值求解方程的理论计算值与实验结果相吻合。并采用直腔结构,实现了LD泵浦V~(3+):YAG和声光Nd:GdVO_4/KTP内腔倍频671 nm红激光的运转,在理论分析中,将二次谐波转换视为谐振腔的一种非线性损耗,考虑调Q激光速率方程的新模型,对两种Nd:GdVO_4/KTP内腔倍频调Q红激光脉冲输出特性进行了理论模拟。其主要内容为:
Ⅰ简单介绍了全固态激光器发展过程以及闪光灯和二极管激光泵浦的激光工作介质;简述了全固态1.3μm激光的研究意义及进展;概述了激光调Q技术及速率方程模型和准相位匹配倍频技术。(第一章)
Ⅱ实现了闪光灯泵浦Nd:YAG,Nd:GdVO_4晶体、饱和吸收体V~(3+):YAG被动调Q 1.319μm,1.342μm激光运转,测量了不同V~(3+):YAG小信号透过率、不同输出镜透过率及泵浦功率下的单脉冲能量、峰值功率、脉冲宽度和重复率,并对a向和c向切割的Nd:GdVO_4获得的各项激光特性进行了比较。(第二章)
Ⅲ实现了LD泵浦Nd:GdVO_4晶体、饱和吸收体V~(3+):YAG被动调Q 1.342μm激光运转,同时,考虑腔内光子数密度的空间分布以及激活介质反转粒子数密度、饱和吸收体基态粒子数密度和泵浦光的横向空间分布,给出了描述调Q激光运转特性的速率方程新模型,通过数值求解,对实验结果进行了理论模拟。(第三章)
Ⅳ实现了LD泵浦Nd:GdVO_4晶体、V~(3+):YAG和Co~(2+):LaMgAl_(11)O_(19)双被动调Q激光运转,测量双被动调Q激光的脉宽、重复率、单脉冲能量和峰值功率随泵浦功率的变化关系,并同V~(3+):YAG单一被动调Q Nd:GdVO_4激光进行了比较。结果表明,双被动调Q脉冲激光不仅能压缩脉宽,而且单脉冲能量和峰值功率较高;在理论分析中,通过进一步考虑激活介质反转粒子数密度和泵浦光的纵向分布,首次给出了描述双被动调Q激光脉冲输出性能的速率方程模型,理论计算与实验结果相吻合。(第四章第一节)
Ⅴ对LD泵浦声光和V~(3+):YAG双调Q Nd:GdVO_4激光特性进行了理论和实验和研究,测量了使用声光调制频率下双调Q激光的输出特性,并同单一V~(3+):YAG被动调Q的各项激光性能进行了比较,结果表明,同时使用声光开关和V~(3+):YAG饱和吸收体,会得到高峰值功率和具有稳定重复率的短脉冲序列,获得的双调Q脉冲宽度比单V~(3+):YAG被动调Q明显压缩,单脉冲能量和峰值功率也大为增加。同时,建立了主被动双调Q激光脉冲输出性能的速率方程模型,数值求解方程的理论计算值与实验结果相吻合。(第四章第二节)
Ⅵ采用直腔结构,实现了LD泵浦Nd:GdVO_4晶体、KTP内腔倍频、V~(3+):YAG被动或声光主动调Q 0.671μm红激光输出,对不同泵浦功率下的脉冲宽度、重复率、单脉冲能量和峰值功率进行了测量;在理论分析中,将二次谐波转换视为谐振腔的一种非线性损耗,并考虑调Q激光速率方程的新模型,对两种Nd:GdVO_4/KTP、调Q红激光脉冲输出特性进行了理论模拟。(第五章)
论文的主要创新工作包括:
Ⅰ首次实现了闪光灯泵浦的Nd:YAG、Nd:GdVO_4晶体、新型饱和吸收体V~(3+):YAG被动调Q激光运转,测量了各项激光运转特性,并将a向和c向切割的Nd:GdVO_4获得的各项激光特性进行了比较。
Ⅱ考虑腔内光子数密度的横向和纵向分布以及激活介质反转粒子数密度和泵浦光的横向空间分布,建立了描述LD泵浦V~(3+):YAG被动调Q激光运转特性的速率方程新模型,并首次运用该模型对Nd:GdVO_4晶体、V~(3+):YAG被动调Q激光特性进行了数值模拟,理论计算和实验结果相符。
Ⅲ首次实现了LD泵浦Nd:GdVO_4晶体、饱和吸收体V~(3+):YAG—Co~(2+):LaMgAl_(11)O_(19)双被动调Q和LD泵浦Nd:GdVO_4晶体、声光—V~(3+):YAG主被动双调Q激光运转,测量了各项激光特性并对双调Q激光的脉宽压缩特性进行了研究,考虑腔内光子数密度、激活介质反转粒子数密度和泵浦光的横向分布,给出了描述双调Q激光运转特性的速率方程模型,数值求解方程的理论计算值与实验结果相符。
Ⅳ首次对LD泵浦Nd:GdVO_4晶体、V~(3+):YAG被动调Q Nd:GdVO_4/KTP,和LD泵浦Nd:GdVO_4晶体、声光主动调Q Nd:GdVO_4/KTP两种内腔倍频红光的输出特性进行了系统的理论和实验研究,将二次谐波转换视为谐振腔的一种非线性损耗,并将相位匹配理论和速率方程新模型相结合,对KTP晶体在以上两种调Q方式中的倍频特性进行了数值模拟,理论计算和实验结果相吻合。
Although the flash-lamp-pump is not superior than the laser-diode-pump,it has a lot of advantages by itself,such as simple manufacture and operation,vile price and so on.Therefore,we have made some presentation and research about it in this paper. While,laser-diode-pumped solid-state lasers have become a focus in the field of lasers such as high efficiency,compactness,high stability,and long lifetime as well as healthy due to its advantages such as all solid state,high pump efficiency,small volume and long longevity,and has been paid much attention on.So it is of importance in the dissertation.
In this paper,by using the Nd:YAG,Nd:GdVO_4(a-cut and c-cut)crystals as the gain mediums,V~(3+):YAG and acoustic-optic(AO) as Q-switched modulator,we have studied passively and actively Q-switched laser characteristics at 1.3μm in both numerical and experimental aspects.Meanwhile,the rate-equation model for the actively and passively Q-switched laser is given,and the numerical solutions of the rate equations are in agreement with the experimental results.By using a simple piano-concave cavity,we have demonstrated the 0.671μm laser performance of the LD-pumped both passively Q-switched with V~(3+):YAG saturable absorber and actively Q-switched with AO of intracavity-frequency-doubling Nd:GdVO_4/KTP red laser.In the theoretical analysis,a new rate-equation model is used to simulate the passively Q-switched operation in which the harmonic conversion is considered as a nonlinear loss of the fundamental wave.The main content of this dissertation includes:
(Ⅰ) Firstly,we have introduced the development process of the all solid state laser, and the gain mediums for flash-lamp-pump and laser-diode-pump.Secondly,we have related on the significance and prospect of all solid state Q-switched lasers at 1.3μm in brief.Thirdly,the laser Q-switched technique,the rate-equation model and the quasi-phase-matching theory to simulate the laser operations are related.
(Ⅱ) We have presented the flash-lamp-pumped passively Q-switched performance of Nd:YAG,Nd:GdVO_4 laser with V~(3+):YAG saturable absorber at 1.319μm and 1.342μm respectively.For different small-signal transmissions of V~(3+):YAG,different reflectivities of the output mirror and different pump powers,the pulse energy,peak power,pulse width and repetition rate of 1.3μm laser have been measured.Both a-cut and c-cut Nd:GdVO4 crystals are used,and the output laser characteristics are compared.
(Ⅲ) The performance of an LD-pumped Nd:GdVO_4 laser passively Q-switched with V~(3+):YAG saturable absorber has been realized.Meanwhile,a new rate-equation model for the Q-switched laser is given,in which the transversal and longitudinal distributions of the intracavity photon density,the transversal distributions of the population-inversion density,the saturable absorber ground-state population density and the pump beam are taken into account.The numerical solutions of the rate equations are in agreement with the experimental results.
(Ⅳ) We have demonstrated the performance of an LD-pumped double passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser with V~(3+):YAG and Co~(2+):LaMgAl_(11)O_(19) saturable absorber, and the dependences of the pulse width,pulse repetition rate,single pulse energy and peak power on incident pump power with three methods of Q-switching have been measured.Comparing to the performance of the single passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser only using V~(3+):YAG saturable absorber,the results indicate that the double passively Q-switched laser can generate shorter pulses with higher single pulse energies and peak powers.In the theoretical calculation,a rate-equation model is firstly given to analyse the properties of the double passively Q-switched laser,in which the longitudinal distributions of the intracavity photon density and the pump beam are also taken into account.The numerical solutions of the equations are consistent with the experimental results.
(Ⅴ) The theoretical and experimental studies in the LD-pumped doubly Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser with AO and V~(3+):YAG have been presented.The doubly Q-switched output laser characteristics are measured under the AO repetition rates.It is shown that the higher peak power and more steadily repetition rate could be obtained; the pulse widthes of the doubly Q-switched laser are obviously compressed with higher single pulse energies and peak powers in contrast to the singly passively Q-switched laser with V~(3+):YAG.Meanwhile,the rate-equation model for the actively and passively Q-switched laser is given,and the numerical solutions of the rate equations are in agreement with the experimental results.
(Ⅵ) By using a simple piano-concave cavity,we have demonstrated the 0.671μm laser performance of the LD-pumped both passively Q-switched with V~(3+):YAG saturable absorber or actively Q-switched with AO of intracavity-frequency-doubling Nd:GdVO_4/KTP red laser.The pulse width,pulse repetition rate,single pulse energy and peak power under different pump powers have been measured.In the theoretical analysis,a new rate-equation model is used to simulate the passively Q-switched operation in which the harmonic conversion is considered as a nonlinear loss of the fundamental wave.
The main innovations of this dissertation are as follows:
(Ⅰ) We firstly realize the laser operations of the flash-lamp-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:YAG or Nd:GdVO_4 laser with V~(3+):YAG saturable absorber.The laser characteristics of 1.3μm laser have been measured.Both a-cut and e-cut Nd:GdVO4 crystals are used,and the output laser characteristics are compared.
(Ⅱ) We have developed the new rate-equation model for the LD-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser with V~(3+):YAG,in which the transversal and longitudinal distributions of the intracavity photon density,the transversal distributions of the population-inversion density and the pump beam are taken into account.By using this model,we firstly simulate the passively Q-switched operation with V~(3+):YAG saturable absorber,and the theoretical calculations are in agreement with the experimental results.
(Ⅲ) We firstly realize the laser operations of an LD-pumped double passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser with V~(3+):YAG—Co~(2+):LaMgAl_(11)O_(19) saturable absorber, actively and passively doubly Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser with V~(3+):YAG-AO.The laser characteristics are measured and the studies on the pulse width reduction is also presented.By considering the transversal and longitudinal distributions of the intracavity photon density,the population-inversion density and the pump beam,we firstly give a rate-equation model to analyse the performance of the doubly Q-switched lasers.The numerical solutions of the rate equations are consistent with the experimental results.
(Ⅳ) We firstly present systematically theoretical and experimental studies on the laser properties of an LD-pumped intracavity-frequency-doubling Nd:GdVO_4/KTP red laser Q-switched with V~(3+):YAG saturable absorber and Nd:GdVO_4/KTP red laser with AO modulator.By considering the harmonic conversion as a nonlinear loss of the fundamental wave,we firstly combine the phase-matching theory and the new rate-equation model to simulate the above-mentioned Q-switched operations.
引文
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